• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.526-538
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• 2016

Fumigants are used worldwide for control of biological agents that damage wooden cultural property. To establish a policy for fumigant use, biological evaluation of insects and microorganisms considering many factors is required. This study was performed to evaluate biological sensitivity and wood penetration of three fumigants applied for control of biological agents that damage wooden cultural properties in Korea. Among these, methyl bromide and ethylene oxide can control insects and fungi when exposed directly. However, they were unable to completely control biological agents within deeper parts of wood. Ethanedinitrile, which was developed as an alternative fumigant, exhibited outstanding wood penetration and biocidal efficacy. Further research involving various environmental conditions is warranted.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.3-21
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• 2013

This research aims to analyze the usefulness of biological resources from the perspective of the users from various angles and after taking these factors into consideration, provide policy implication and scientific criteria for judging and choosing useful biological resources. Among biological resources defined in CBD, the subject of the research was confined to the biological resource as a unit which can be actually used in benefit sharing and trade. Also, among diverse values of biological resources, the usefulness was assessed focusing on the utility value and scarcity. Usefulness was rated on a scale of 1 to 5 (5 grades). The rating was adjusted for the biological resources that need to be managed as a part of the management policy. It is expected that the criteria of this study will be useful for the following: (1) the procurement of biological resources in the need for primary protection and management (2) the utilization of secured biological resources by analyzing their utility value and using them in biological resources industry (3) securement of sovereignty over biological resources, such as prior access permit under the Nagoya protocol, through management and protection of biological resources in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.161-164
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• 1999

This study was done to research the effects of temperature on biological evaluation of seawater quality using gametes, embryos and early development system of seaurchin species, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Anthocidaris crassispina and Scaphechinus brevis. As the result of performing effects of temperature on early embryo development, the conditions of appropriate temperature on formation of normal pluteus were appropriate at 5-16$^{\circ}C$ for H. pulcherrimus, 8-2$0^{\circ}C$ for A. crassispina, 12-2$0^{\circ}C$ for S. brevis. The conditions of optimum temperature on biological evaluation were 16$^{\circ}C$ for H. pulcherrimus and 2$0^{\circ}C$ for A. crassispina and S. brevis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.376-380
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• 2004

In August 2003, the water quality of offshore waters along the Incheon coast of Korea was evaluated by biological evaluation using gametes, embryos and early development systems of a starfish species (Asterina pectinifera). As the result of performing biological evaluations on seawater samples from a total thirteen sites, the formation rate of normal larva was 16-68%. At seawater sample from site 5 and 13, formation rate of normal larva averaged 16%, the most abnormal rate hindering the early embryo development of the experimental animal, while that of site 3 averaged 68%, the highest formation rate of normal larva. At seawater sample from site 2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, formation rate of normal larva averaged 33-54%, those which damage the development of early embryos slightly. At seawater sample from site 1, 5, 6, 8, 13, formation rate of normal larva averaged 16-28%, those which damage the development of early embryos strongly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.417-430
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• 2009

A BNR comprehensive performance evaluation (BNR CPE) system was established employing system-oriented evaluation methodology for biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes based on the CPE techniques developed by U.S. EPA for evaluation of conventional biological processes. The BNR CPE system applied to five domestic BNR plants adopting $A^2/O$ process confirmed that all target plants except the smallest one had not any serious defective performance and process stability was enhanced with increasing plant size. The system also clearly verified relatively poor performances in anoxic reactors without exception mainly due to influent carbon limit rather than functional defect. Consistent good performances were confirmed even during both winter season and wet weather generally known to be difficult to achieve satisfactory removals. Presentation of evaluation results by modified radar chart system simplified and clarified the evaluation and analysis procedures. The BNR CPE system could not only discover readily the causes of present and prospective poor performances but also facilitate the suggestion of their optimization options. Mutual effect and cause-and-effect among operation parameters and unit processes were also found easily using the evaluation system. The system justified that the adverse effect of defective operating parameters could be compensated by other favorable parameters, especially in anaerobic and anoxic reactors as well as during the winter season.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.89-90
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• 2003

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1007-1021
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• 2018

Community dynamics of benthic macroinvertebrates and biological evaluation of water quality were investigated at Gigyecheon of Pohang and Gyeongju, Korea. The survey was carried out at 8 sites from May to October, 2017. As a result, total of 104 species under 54 families, 15 orders, 8 classes in 4 phyla with 5,052 individuals were revealed. The number of species was the most abundantly identified in aquatic insects, 76 species under 34 families, 6 orders. Among them, the order Odonata was the most abundant taxon as 21 species(20.2%). The most abundant individuals were collected in the phylum Mollusca as 1,453 individuals(28.8%). Various species appeared dominantly at each site by season, and the most dominant species was Caridina denticulata denticulata belonging to the class Malacostraca with 0.08 of dominance index. According to the results of community structure analyses, the diversity and richness indices were the highest at site II, the evenness index was the highest at site I, and the dominance index was the highest at site IV. The number of species and individuals of gathering collectors were the highest among functional feeding groups. Those of sprawlers were the highest among habitat orientation groups. The ESB showed a tendency to change according to season and site, and it was the highest in May at most surveyed sites. The KSI was also somewhat fluctuated according to season and site. From these indices, average biological water quality was evaluated as class II.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2000

Regarding to maturity evaluation of pig manure compost mixed with saw dust, change of constituents of organic matter influenced by microbial activities were investigated. Throughout the two stages of active composting period, we obtained a lot of data related to compost stabilization. However, we found out that only a couple of parameters could be used for adequate evaluation of compost. We, therefore, decided that total sugar and reducing sugar could be used for the reasonable standard criteria of maturity during composting process, even though some enzyme activities by phosphates and cellulase reactions were obtained and compared. Because the other parameters such as contents of lignin, cellulose, and organic acids were difficult to be used for maturity evaluation of pig manure compost.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.44-45
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.151-151
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• 2002