• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.272-276
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• 2004

During the course of our screening for bioactive metabolites from marine sponges, EZZ, the inseparable 1:1 mixture of (8E,13Z,20Z)-strobilinin and (7E,13Z,20Z)-felixinin has been found to deliver significant cytotoxicity against some cancer cell lines. In this study, the antioxidant activity of EZZ was first time evaluated by a series of antioxidant assays. It was found that EZZ was weak in scavenging the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyrazyl (DPPH), but it was comparable to ascorbic acid in scavenging ABTS and superoxide radicals. In addition, EZZ could protect DNA from hydroxyl radical-induced strand cleavage. The findings of the present study suggest that EZZ possess certain antioxidant activity, which might help to prevent occurrence of cancer by alleviating the oxidative stress in cells.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.130-134
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• 2008

Hypoglycemic effect of onion skin extract in vitro and in vivo was investigated. A methanol extract of onion skin inhibited yeast $\alpha$-glucosidase with an $IC_{50}$ of 0.159 mg/mL. A single oral administration of the onion skin extract (500 mg/kg) significantly lowered the postprandial area under the glucose response curve to starch (1 g/kg, p<0.05). Three-week-old db/db mice were fed an AIN-93G diet or a diet supplemented with a 0.5% onion skin extract for 7 weeks after a 1-week adaptation period. Consumption of onion skin extract significantly reduced the levels of plasma glucose, insulin, and blood glycated hemoglobin as compared with the control group (p<0.05). These findings suggest that onion skin is effective in controlling hyperglycemia in animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus, at least in part by inhibiting $\alpha$-glucosidase activity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2004

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been accepted as a heart protection phenomenon against ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. The activation of ATP-sensitive potassium $(K_{ATP})$ channels and the release of myocardial nitric oxide (NO) induced by IPC were demonstrated as the triggers or mediators of IPC. A common action mechanism of NO is a direct or indirect increase in tissue cGMP content. Furthermore, cGMP has also been shown to contribute cardiac protective effect to reduce heart I/R-induced infarction. The present investigation tested the hypothesis that $K_{ATP}$ channels attenuate DNA strand breaks and oxidative damage in an in vitro model of I/R utilizing rat ventricular myocytes. We estimated DNA strand breaks and oxidative damage by mean of single cell gel electrophoresis with endonuclease III cutting sites (comet assay). In the I/R model, the level of DNA damage increased massively. Preconditioning with a single 5-min anoxia, diazoxide $(100\;{\mu}M)$, SNAP $(300\;{\mu}M)$ and 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-pCPT-cGMP) $(100\;{\mu}M)$ followed by 15 min reoxygenation reduced DNA damage level against subsequent 30 min anoxia and 60 min reoxygenation. These protective effects were blocked by the concomitant presence of glibenclamide $(50\;{\mu}M)$, 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) $(100\;{\mu}M)$ and 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, Rp-isomer (Rp-8-pCPT-cGMP) $(100\;{\mu}M)$. These results suggest that NO-cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway contributes to cardioprotective effect of $K_{ATP}$ channels in rat ventricular myocytes.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.226-230
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• 2005

To keep blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible is the major goal of diabetes mellitus treatment $\alpha$-Glucosidase is the enzyme that digests die1my carbohydrate and inhibition of this enzyme may suppress postprandial hyperglycemia. The methanol extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg was tested for inhibitoty activity against $\alpha$-glucosidase in vitro and in vivo. Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg extract inhibited yeast $\alpha$-glucosidase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg showed an $IC_{50}$ value of 0.48 mg/mL. The ability of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg extract to lower postprandial glucose was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without the methanol extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg extract (500 mg/kg) was administered to diabetic rats by gastric intubation after an overnight fast A single oral dose of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg extract significantly inhibited increases in blood glucose levels at 60 and 90 min (p<0.05) and significantly decreased incremental response areas under the glycemic response curve (p<0.05). These results suggest that Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg may have an antihyperglycemic effect by inhibiting $\alpha$-glucosidase activity in the animal model of diabetes mellitus.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Control of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia is strongly correlated with decreased risk for cardiovascular disease, the most common and fatal diabetic complication. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of garlic and aged black garlic on glycemic control and blood lipid profile in animal model of type 2 diabetes. Three week-old db/db mice (C57BL/Ks, n=21) were fed AIN-93G semipurified diet or diet containing 5% freeze-dried garlic or aged black garlic for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol and blood glycated hemoglobin were measured. Body weight and food intake of garlic and aged black garlic group were not significantly different from those of the control group. Fasting serum glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased and insulin level was significantly increased in garlic group compared with control group (p<0.05). Consumption of aged black garlic significantly decreased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and tended to decrease serum glucose. Garlic consumption significantly decreased total cholesterol, while aged black garlic significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and triglyceride and increased HDL-cholesterol levels. These results suggest that garlic exerts hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effect and aged black garlic improved insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in db/db mice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2004

Characteristics of good-quality red pepper powder produced using $N_{2}$-circulated low-temperature drying method were compared with those made through conventional sun and hot-air drying methods. Kimchi and kochujang were prepared with different types of red pepper powder, and their physicochemical and sensory properties were compared. Results revealed Hunter L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) values of $N_{2}$-circulated low temperature-dried red pepper were highest. Absorbance of crude capsanthin in hot air-dried red pepper powder ($0.584{\pm}0.001$) was significantly lower than sun-dried ($0.848{\pm}0.001$) and $N_{2}$-circulated low temperature-dried products ($0.832{\pm}0.002$. Use of $N_{2}$-circulated low-temperature drying method resulted in the highest amounts at reducing sugar and total vitamin C. Capsaicin content of $N_{2}$-circulated low temperature-dried products were higher than hot air-dried ones. The aL values of kochujaug made with sun-and low temperature-dried red peppers were higher than that of kochujang made with hot-dried red peppers. Physicochemical and sensory evaluation results showed red pepper powders made using $N_{2}$-circulated low-temperature drying method have the best quality among all samples tested.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2020

As the importance of the biohealth industry has recently increased, innovative government support is required. However due to the limitation in the support framework, a complementary support system for commercialization is needed. This study examines the concept of TRL which the existing support being following, and investigates domestic support system and overseas support cases. It points out that the current TRL-based government support policy has limitations for the commercialization of the biohealth industry, which requires a lot of time and investment. The new concept of the support system reflecting the characteristics of the bio-industry and solving the problems of late R&D stage was proposed and connected with the policy direction. It is meaningful that the role as a guideline for overcoming the gap between research and industry for the commercialization of the biohealth.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the suppressive effect of chlorophyll a on nitric oxide (NO) production and intracellular oxidative stress. In addition, chlorophyll a regulation of nuclear factor (NF) ${\kappa}B$ activation and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression were explored as potential mechanisms of NO suppression in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cell line. RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were preincubated with various concentrations ($0-10\;{\mu}g/ mL$) of chlorophyll a and stimulated with LPS to induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Treatment with chlorophyll a reduced the accumulation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), enhancing glutathione level and the activities of antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and glutathione reductase in LPS-stimulated macrophages compared to LPS-only treated cells. NO production was significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05) with an $IC_{50}$ of $12.8\;{\mu}g/mL$. Treatment with chlorophyll a suppressed the levels of iNOS protein and its mRNA expression. The specific DNA binding activities of NFkB on nuclear extracts from chlorophyll a treated cells were significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ of $10.7\;{\mu}g/mL$. Chlorophyll a ameliorates NO production and iNOS expression through the down-regulation of NFkB activity, which may be mediated by attenuated oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2020

Various beneficial effects of sweet persimmon (Diospyros kaki T.) including anti-oxidation, anti-bacteria and viruses, anti-allergy were widely reported previously. However, the anti-inflammatory effect and its molecular mechanisms are not clear. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts of flower bud and fruit of sweet persimmon was investigated in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Both extracts of flower bud and fruit showed strong inhibitory effect on the LPS-induced NF-κB activation. IκBα, the inhibitor of NF-κB, was increased and the expressions of NF-κB target genes, COX-2 and iNOS, were suppressed by the treatment with the extracts of flower bud and fruit. The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α were also suppressed by the extracts. In addition, the LPS-induced wnt/β-catenin pathway and its related gene expressions including cyclin D1, wnt 3a, wnt 5a were suppressed by the extracts. The extracts also showed anti-oxidant activity and suppressive effect on the LPS-induced apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that the flower bud and fruit of sweet persimmon display strong anti-inflammatory effect through inhibiting the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the cells.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1 s.108
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• pp.109-120
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• 2005

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for Osong Biohealth Technopolis Institute of Cheongwon Gun Chung Cheong Buk Do which was held by Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 2004. The site is located in. Osong Li, Kang Wei Myun, Cheonwon Gun, Chung Cheong Buk Do and has an area of $402,600m^2$. The judging criteria for landscape design set by the client could be articulated as follows: an environment friendly design respecting the surrounding environment, a functionally efficient site plan by clustering buildings with similar uses, a site plan having 'front yard' by locating buildings in rear areas toward existing 'groves'. The proposal set the main design concept of this project as 'clustering'. By doing that, existing grades and plants can be saved, buildings with similar uses can be clustered, huge 'front yard' as a symbolic image of this project can be achieved, and finally many small open spaces for everyday life can be designed accordingly.