• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.444-450
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• 2006

This study was carried out to compare the performance of two types of sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs), anoxic-oxic-anoxic-oxic $(AO)_2$ SBBR and anoxic-oxic-anoxic $A_2O$ SBBR, on the biological nutrient removal. The TOC removal efficiency in $A_2O$ SBBR was higher than that in $(AO)_2$ SBBR. At the 1st non-aeration period, the release of ${PO_4}^{3-}-P$ in $A_2O$ SBBR was higher than that in $(AO)_2$ SBBR because of the high TOC removal. At the 1st aeration-period, the nitrification was not completed in $(AO)_2$ SBBR, however, it was completed in $A_2O$ SBBR and the nitrification rate in $A_2O$ SBBR was higher than that in $(AO)_2$ SBBR. The release and uptake of ${PO_4}^{3-}-P$ in $A_2O$ SBBR was much higher than in $(AO)_2$ SBBR. Also, the profiles of DO and pH in reactors were used to monitor the biological nutrient removal in two SBBRs. The break point in DO and pH curves at the aeration period coincided with the end of nitrification.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.189-196
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• 1991

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature on microbial characteristics and treatment efficiency in aerated submerged biofilm process. From the results of the research, conclusions were derived as following: 1. Biofilm density, attached biomass and biofilm thickness were $30-42mg/cm^3$, $1.2-2.7mg/cm^2$ and $380-690{\mu}m$, respectively. These were greatly affected by the variation of temperature ($5-20^{\circ}C$) and packing ratio(45-90%). 2. The ratio of suspended biomass to the total biomass in the reactor was in the range of 10 to 50 % in accordance with the variation of temperature and packing ratio. Therefore, the portion of suspended biomass cannot be neglected. 3. BOD removal efficiency increased as either temperature or biomass(suspended and attached) concentration increased. 4. The aerated submerged biofilm process appeared to be less affected by temperature variation and the estimated temperature correction coefficient of the Van't Hoff-Arrhenenius equation was 1.042.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.112-120
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• 1996

In this study, the porous glass media was utilized as biomass carrier, and the optimum characteristics of this new media in fixed bed biofilm process were investigated. The characteristics of media considered here are a void volume fraction, a specific surface area, and surface characteristics of media. The effect of surface roughness and material could be clearly demonstrated by the fact that the porous glass media showed a good potential for biofilm development. This might results from the fact that biofilm is initially formed in the surface cavities of the media is protect from the shear effect. Therefore, the microcolonies are not readily detached by the fluid shear. In the steady state, biofilm formation along the packing bed depth was different from media to media. The specific area was also an important factor for the attachment of microorganism on the media surface. The specific area was also an important factor for the attachment of microorganism on the media surface. In the case of porous glass media, about $100m^2/m^3$ was enough to obtain a good organic removal efficiency The organic removal efficiency could be improved by increasing the void volume fraction in the reactor, at least 80% was required to obtain a high removal efficiency and prevent clogging. From the analysis of kinetics study, the yield coefficient, Y, was 0.42 mgMLSS/mgSBOD, endogenous respiration coefficient, ke, was $0.12day^{-1}$ and substrate removel coefficient of Mckinney. km, was $16.8hr^{-1}$ for the porous glass media G-2

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.282-285
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• 2001

The microbial community structure and in situ spatial distribution of ammonia oxidizing and nitrite oxidizing bacteria in nitrifying biofilm of an upflow biological aerated filter system were investigated. The reactor had been continuously operated under high free ammonia concentration and low DO concentration for nitrite accumulation more than 2 years before the experiment. Fluorescence in situ hybridization

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.20-26
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• 1995

The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of the bed expansion and the characteristics of attached biomass in the start-up in the anaerobic fluidized bed reactor(AFBR). The fluidized bed reactor was operated with bacteria supported on the bed of granular activated carbon(GAC). The reactor was operated at 35$\circ$C, 5 kg $COD/m^3\cdot day$ at bed expansion varying from 0 to 100% with soluble glucose wastewater(5,000 mg/l). When the effluent reached a steady state at 100% of bed expansion, maximum COD removal efficiency of 87.3% and 0.031 $m^3CH_4/kg COD_{removed}$ were obtained. At higher bed expansion, COD removal efficiency, methane production rate and biogas production rate increased. Especially, at 50% of bed expansion, the efficiency of the treatment increasedg rapidly in the AFBR. The biomass colonized in the pits and crevices of the GAC particle and no complete biofilm was established in the bioreactor during the experiment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 1996

The objectives of this study were to examine the start-up method and characteristics of biomass attachment on the media in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor(AFBR). The media adopted was the granular activated carbon which was successfully capable of adsorbing organics and biomass. The reactor was operated at 5 kg $COD/m^3\cdot day$ and 24hr of HRT. There were important problems in the AFBR's start-up, which has been reported very long and unstable. Therefore, this research was to solve the problem of the start-up and it was performed, comparing two start-up ways that were initial fluidized system and initial static-fluidized system. The results were summarized as follows: (1) On the whole initial static-fluidized system was superior to initial fluidized system in the aspects of biogas production rate, methane content and COD removal efficiency etc. (2) At the steady state methane production rate and recoverable bioenergy of initial static-fluidized system were $2.074 m^3CH_4/m^3\cdot day$, $0.488 m^3CH_4/kgCOD_{removed}\cdot day$, and 81.3kcal/day, respectively. (3) Thickness of biofilm was about $5.11 \mu m$, $\rho_{bw}$ and $\rho_{bd}$ were $1.022 g/cm^3, 0.0953g/cm^3$ respectively. (4) Biomass concentration of fluidized state was about 35 mg/g GAC. In conclusion the efficient method on the start-up of the AFBR using GAC as media was initial static-fluidized system and the period of static state needed to reach steady state was considered about twenty days.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.457-465
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility to apply the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor(MBBR) in the activated sludge treatment process with existing aerobic HRT. Optimal operation conditions were assumed according to the analysis of organic matter and nutrients removal efficiencies depending on loading variations. The process was operated under different conditions: RUN I(HRT=7.14hr, $I{\cdot}R=100%$), RUN II(HRT=6.22hr, $I{\cdot}R=100%$), RUN III(HRT=6.22 hr, $I{\cdot}R=150%$), RUN IV(HRT=6.22hr, $I{\cdot}R=200%$), the TBOD removal efficien cies are 88%, 88.5%, 94.6%, 97.6%, respectively. Overall TSS removal efficiency is 90%, and it is increasing in RUN IV. In the case of Nitrogen, the highest removal efficiency of 90% was observed in RUN III and RUN IV, Nitrification and Denitrification rates are 0.013-0.016kg $NH_3-N/kg$ Mv-d and 0.009-0.019kg $NO_3/kg$ Mv-d, respectively. Phosphorus removal efficiencies are 89.6% in RUN I, 91.5% in RUN II, 84.3% in RUN III, and 76.4% in RUN IV. The process under shorter SRT yields better performance in terms of phosphorus removal. It was noticed that to achieve the effluent phosphorus concentration ofless than 1mg/L and removal efficiency higher than 80%, SRT should not be longer than 10 days. Experimental result shows that HRT of 6.22 hours is suitable for this treatment process, and, as a result, the aerobic reactor including moving media and DO depletion tank have a sufficient effect to the process performance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.970-975
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• 2003

Microbial trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation using trickling biofilter (TBF) is a cost-effective treatment method, in which monooxygenase (MO) fortuitously transforms TCE via cometabolism. Simple TBF, however, could not be stably operated for long-term treatment of TCE due to the contradictory characteristics of cometabolism. In this paper, microbial biocatalyst and biofilm reactor system, a two-stage continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)/TBF system using Burkholderia cepacia G4 and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, are evaluated for the long-term continuous treatment of TCE. The maximum TCE elimination capacities were in the range of 28 and 525 mg TCE/1$.$day. The reactor systems were stably operated for more than 3∼12 months.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.69-69
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• 1995

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.26 no.B
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• pp.3-10
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• 2006

In this study, the of MBBR(moving bed biofilm reactor) process for Phosphorus Removal efficiency depending on seasons and the factors affecting phosphorus removal efficiency in the process is evaluated. As a result of experiment, T-P removal efficiency has its highest value in winter, (80.8%). and T-P removal efficiency has its lowest value in autumn, (49%). Optimum SRT for Phosphorus Removal revealed is about 8.8 days and process performs more efficiently as the temperature decreases. It is accepted that nitrate to anaerobic zone is affecting the Phosphorus removal process. With increasing the organic loading rate, Phosphorus removal efficiency also increases. Also, an experiment has been conducted to find out the highest efficiency according to Media existence and it has revealed that Media addition provides better phosphate removal.