• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.81-95
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• 2012

This study was intended for Fagus engleriana stand in Is. Ulleung where the disturbance of vegetation has been caused by the exploitation and the increase of tourists. For the effective conservation and management on this issue, this study was conducted provide basic data. The sixteen study sites ($20{\times}20m$) were installed in the dominant Fagus engleriana stand and the base environment and vegetation were investigated. The Fagus engleriana stand was classified into two groups, The Fagus engleriana stand was classified into two groups, community A is Fagus engleriana-Sorbus amurensis and community B is Fagus engleriana-Acer pictum subsp. Mono by cluster analysis and community A were nothing signigicant by indicator species analysis. Community B were Eight species (Tsuga sieboldii, Camellia japonica, Dystaenia takesimana ect.) significant by indicator species analysis. The diameter class of 16cm to 25cm was 53.7% in population structure of Fagus engleriana, which was the highest and showed inverse J-distribution. Species diversity index (H') of investigated woody layer group ranged from 0.99 to 2.05 and that of under layer group ranged from 1.75~2.59. According to Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) analysis, the woody layer was divided into community A developed in the region having relatively high sand content at high altitudes and community B formed at the place having relatively high clay content at low altitudes. Then this classification was significant through Multi-Response Permutation Procedures (MRPP) analysis. The distribution of understory vegetation through Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was induced by the silt content and cover degree of vegetation layer.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.191-201
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• 2015

Measuring and mapping connectivity among habitats is a key component of sustainable urban planning and design process. In this study, we examined how functional corridors connect forest bird habitats in a metropolitan area of Korea using graph theory-based techniques. High-quality forest habitat was defined as a function of forest cover, presence of residential areas, and road networks. We then constructed a network of high-quality forest habitats using the FunConn (functional connectivity) tools, and computed metrics ($T_i$) of patch importance based on the minimum ($Q_1$) and the 25th percentile ($Q_{25}$) rank least-cost distance values. We investigated the relative influence of two values of patch importance on forest bird species richness. As a result, the patch importance index based on the $Q_{25}$ effective distance threshold was most positively correlated with species richness (P < 0.001) after controlling for the area effect. Thus, using the $Q_{25}$ effective distance threshold, we mapped not only the locations of important habitat patches and functional corridors, but also the network backbone of forest bird habitats. The network developed in this study can help guide urban planning for biodiversity conservation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.71-99
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the vascular flora of Masan, located in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, and to comprehend the distribution of remarkable plants such as rare and Korea endemic plants and invasive alien plants. The survey was carried out the distribution of vascular plants 11 times per season from 2010 to 2018. A total of 619 taxa in 93 families, 328 genera, 529 species, 6 subspecies, 78 varieties and 6 forms were identified on mt. Masan. Among them, Korean endemic plants are 21 taxa including Saussurea diamantica Nakai and are plants designated by the Korea Forest Service are 20 taxa counting Saxifraga octopetala Nakai. Invasive alien plants were classified a total of 35 taxa inclusive of Trifolium pratense L. (WS), Aster pilosus Willd. (SS), Coreopsis lanceolata L. (SR), Rumex obtusifolius L. (SC) and Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell (CS). The naturalization rate was 5% and the urbanization index was 10.0%, respectively. Although this study identified the diverse distribution of major plants such as rare and endemic plants around Masan, it was confirmed that invasive alien plants, which pose a great threat to forest biodiversity conservation and promotion, spread and distributed in a specific section Therefore, it is urgent to establish a conservation strategy and countermeasures.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.121-136
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• 2022

Purpose : Marine therapy is an activity that promotes public health such as constitution improvement, immunity improvement, and anti-aging by utilizing marine therapeutic resources such as seawater, mud, seaweed, salt and sea climate. In Europe developed countries, the marine therapy industry has been developing for centuries, with France, Germany, and Israel leading the way. Currently, it has achieved great industrial achievements and is of great help in improving the human health. The purpose of this study is to investigate how marine therapeutic resources benefit to human health, as well as how to study and utilize their efficacy. We analyzed previous research articles related to the effects of marine therapeutic resources. Methods : The study included a total of 830 published literatures in the last 20 years from the Republic of Korea and other contries. PubMed and Google Scholar were utilized to collect the foreign source while the local scientific publications were accessed through the Korean Education and research Information Service (KERIS) and Korean studies Information Service System (KISS). The keywords used to search foreign literature were "marine therapy", "Thalassotherapy", "seawater", "deep seawater", "saline groundwater", "sand therapy", "mud therapy", "hydrotherapy", "seaweed", "Sun light", "sea salt", "marine animal", and "marine microorganisms" were combined, and for the domestic literature, the keywords were "marine therapy", "marine therapeutic resources", "seawater", and "sand". Results : A total of 830 research papers were found as a result of searching for domestic and international papers related to marine therapeutic resources. The collected documents were classified into 175 seawater resources, 259 marine mineral resources, 41 marine environment, and 355 marine organisms. The efficacy of each marine therapeutic resources was analyzed. By resources type, there were about 213 papers on the efficacy of seaweed, followed by about 175 papers on seawater, 142 on microorganisms, 124 on mud/peat, and sand, salt, minerals and others are appeared in order (Table 1). Conclusion : Korea has the highest marine biodiversity index, excellent tidal flats, four distinct seasons, and various sea environments of the East sea, Yellow sea, South sea and Jeju sea. For this reason, Korea has a much more diverse marine therapeutic resources than other advanced countries in the marine therapy industry. prebiously, we thought that the sea was only valuable as a shipping port and fishery industry. But now, it been shown that the ocean can become a new industrial field which can contribute to human health and well-being by providing healing and therapy to people through the gift of marine resources.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-97
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• 2024

This study aims to examine the distinctions in evaluation index items between overseas and domestic ecological area-related systems, derive analytical indicators, and assess recently completed apartment complexes before and after the implementation of overall ecological area ratios. The objective is to analyse variances in the application of ecological area characteristics, categorizing them into ecological area analysis indicators and presenting their implications. The spatial scope covers completed apartment complexes in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. Thirty-six completed apartment complexes were selected for analysis, and basic ecological area data were compiled. Subsequently, the data was utilized to categorize three analysis indicators-ecological area ratio, ecological area diversity, and ecological area connectivity-by metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, as well as by type of apartment complex (sale housing versus rental housing) and size (large-scale, medium-scale, and small-scale). Results of the analysis indicate higher ecological area ratios and greater diversity in ecological area spatial types in metropolitan areas compared to non-metropolitan areas, and in pre-sale housing complexes compared to rental housing complexes. Mediumand large-scale apartment complexes exhibit higher ecological area ratios, with ecological area diversity being more pronounced. Ecological area connectivity reveals more numerous and varied connection points and types in metropolitan areas than in non-metropolitan areas. Implications of this study suggest that large-scale development should prioritize securing ecological area ratios and diversity in apartment complexes. Enhancing biodiversity necessitates establishing connections within and beyond the ecological area network of the complex. Future research should focus on linking the ecological area network within the complex.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2024

This study conducted surveys to identify the distribution of communities and flora according to vegetation in the coastal sand dunes of Sagye in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, located at the southernmost tip of Korea. The survey was conducted over 20 sessions from April 2020 to October 2021. As a result of the study, physiognomy was classified into six correlated vegetation types: plant communities on the salt marsh, annual communities on a coastal drift-line, herb communities on a dune, shrub communities on a coastal dune, forest-edge communities on a dune, and artificial afforestation vegetation. The survey identified 43 communities, and a total of 212 taxa were found to be distributed among 62 families, 166 genera, 191 species, 15 varieties, 3 subspecies, and 3 forma. It was found that there were five rare plant taxa distributed in the area, including the Cymbidium macrorrhizum which was classified as an endangered Class II plant by the Ministry of Environment. Floristic target species identified by the surveys included 2 taxa for grade V, 5 taxa for grade IV, 15 taxa for grade III, 14 taxa for grade II, and 19 taxa for grade I. Climate-sensitive biological indicator species included 11 indicator and 2 candidate species, representing a high ratio of 33.3% of all indicator species and 15.4% of candidate species. Naturalized plants included 16 families, 43 genera, and 52 taxa, with a naturalization rate of 21.1% and an urbanization index of 24.5%. It is expected that these results will be widely used as data needed to prepare conservation and management measures for biodiversity in response to climate change in coastal dunes in the future.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.386-393
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• 2016

Agricultural ecosystem is recognized as a space for providing a variety of services, in addition to the food production that it originally encompassed, such as water purification, biological habitat, air purification, soil conservation, and landscape development. The construction of greenhouses in agricultural landscapes can cause deterioration of ecosystem services because of the increase of impermeable area and loss of biological habitats. This study aimed to compare insect diversity between different types of constructed greenhouses and paddy ecosystems. The target study area was selected by considering the distribution status of horticultural complexes and was classified as Single Vinyl Greenhouse, Multi Vinyl Greenhouse or Glass Greenhouse and they were compared with four paddies. The study locations were in Gu-Mi, Bu-Yeo, Ginje and Jin-Ju. A total of 2,333 individual insects belonging to 9 orders, 38 families, 76 genus, and 80 species were collected. The composition of orders was Hemiptera (22.37%), Coleoptera (18.42%), Hymenoptera (14.47%), Orthoptera (11.84%), and Diptera (10.53%). The average number of collected species were in the order Paddy (39.38 species) > Single Vinyl Greenhouse (35.50 species) > Multi Vinyl Greenhouse (22.50 species) > Glass Greenhouse (24.00 species). The Diversity Index (H') was Paddy (4.76) > Single Vinyl Greenhouse (4.57) > Multi Vinyl Greenhouse (4.12), and Glass Greenhouse (4.12). The Richness Index (RI) was Paddy (7.72) and Single Vinyl Greenhouse (7.03) > Multi Vinyl Greenhouse (4.99) and Glass Greenhouse (5.32). From our results, it can be seen that the biological diversity features of insects decreased when greenhouses are constructed.However, Single Vinyl Greenhouse is noted to promote insect diversity more than that by Multi Vinyl Greenhouse and Glass Greenhouse. Hence, when constructing greenhouses, it is necessary to consider insect habitat to conserve insect diversity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.516-535
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• 2020

This study was conducted to provide information on local resource plants by identifying aquatic and Riparian flora. We investigated the aquatic and riparian floras in 3 streams(Byeongseong-cheon, Buk-cheon, Oeseo-cheon) from February to October 2019. 321 taxa (i.e. 300 species, 5 subspecies, 15 varieties 1 Cultivars from 203 genera of 78 families) of the vascular plants were found in the survey area. Byeongseong-cheon is 133 taxa, Buk-cheon is 233 taxa and Oeseo-cheon is 132 taxa. Among 321 taxa, we found 5 endemic species, 3 red list plants, and However, endangered plants were not found in 3 streams. Aquatic and Riparian plant 138 taxa(i.e. Aquatic plant 20 taxa, Riparian plant 118 taxa). Life forms is annual plant 43 taxa, biennial plant 24 taxa, perennial plant 71 taxa. Aquatic plant growth forms emergent hydrophyte 13 taxa, floating leaved hydrophyte 1 taxa, submerged hydrophyte 6 taxa. The number of floristic regional indicator plants was 15 (i.e. 1 species of IV degree, 3 taxa of III degree, 5 taxa of II degree, and 6 taxa of I degree). Approved foreign export plants 31 taxa. In addition, 52 naturalized plants were identified, and the percentage of Naturalized Index (NI) and Urbanization Index (UI) were 16.1%, and 16.2%, respectively. Vascular plant usability and reclassification result is Edible 213 species (66%), Medicinal 244 species (76%), Flavor 10 species (3%), Industrial 136 species (42%), Ornamental 137 species (36%), Restoration 117 species (36%), Compost 155 species (48%), Unknown 7 species (5%). We hope that our results provide reference data to set up strategy of resources plants, conservation of biodiversity in the 3 streams and Sangju-si areas.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.197-213
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• 2012

This study was performed to know the community structure of macrobenthos and environmental factors at each 16 stations in the subtidal sandy bottoms of the southern coastal water of Jeju Island from July to November, 2011. Mean temperature and mean salinity were $20.2-22.7^{\circ}C$, 33.7-34.9 psu which shows stable water messes. Chlorophyll a concentrations of phytoplankton ranged from 0.71 to 1.71 mg/L (1.11 mg/L), showing higher July than September and November with a blooming in summer. The mean concentration values (the ranges in parentheses) of nitrate, phosphate, and silicate are 0.029-0.206 mg/L (0.101 mg/L), 0.001-0.027 mg/L (0.007 mg/L), 0.024-0.682 mg/L (0.454 mg/L), respectively. However, the values higher coastal zone due to influxes from the land. A total of 37 species was identified. of these mollusca comprised 29 secies (78.4%); Echinodermata 5 (13.5%); Arthropoda 3 (8.1%). density and biomass were estimated to be 550 ind./$m^2$ and 20,951.8 gwwt/$m^2$, respectively. Mollusca were the most dominant faunal group in terms of abundance (481 ind./$m^2$) and number of species as well, whereas bivalves were predominant in biomass (16,647.6 gwwt/$m^2$). The dominant species were Vasticardium burchardi, Oblimopa japonica, Mactar achatina, Bornatemishistrioiw akawai, Paphia vernicosa, Amusium japonicum, Glycymeris albolineata, Astriclypeus manni in 15-30 m. The seasonal variation appeared as distinct, Mollusca of individual and biomass. When summer was make a slow increase, after the highest decrease in autumn. The abundance of macrobenthic invertebrates showed significant correlation with environmental factors (Chlorophyll a, DIN, $SiO_2$, Fine sand, Very fine sand) in almost all sampling depths. The biodiversity, evenness richness index were appeared 1.56-2.50 (H'), 0.49-0.80 (E'), 4.12-4.67 (R) in each stations. The dominace index were appeared Highest in November and lowest in September.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.215-228
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• 2008

This study was performed to find out the community structure of macrobenthos and the environmental factors around Munseom coastal water in Jeju Island from June to December, 2007. Mean temperature and mean salinity were $19.6^{\circ}C$ and 34.03 psu, indicating stable water masses. Concentrations of DO, COD and SS were as low as those in the standard sea-water-quality classes I. Chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 0.40 to 1.09 mg/L (mean, 0.69 mg/L), and higher concentration was observed in December rather than in June due to a blooming in winter. The mean concentration (their ranges are in parentheses) of nitrate, phosphate, and silicate were 0.15 mg/L (0.073-0.264 mg/L), 0.01 mg/L (0.004-0.011 mg/L) and 0.23 mg/L (0.039-0.464 mg/L), respectively. The values were higher near the Munseom due to influxes from the land. Of the 112 species that were identified, 40 species (36.0%) were Mollusca; 33 (28.8%) were Cnidaria; 13 (11.7%) were Porifera; 8 (7.2%) were Arthropoda and 17 species (15.3%) were others including Echinodermata. Density and biomass were estimated to be 4,340 individual/$m^2$ and $53,107.8\;gwwt/m^2$ respectively. Anthozoa was the most dominant group in abundance ($2,132\;ind./m^2$) as well as in the number of species, whereas Cnidaria was predominant in biomass ($37,630.9\;gwwt/m^2$). The dominant species were Dendronephthya gigantea, Scleronephthya gracillimum, Anthoplexaura dimorpha, Dendronephthya castanea, Thecocarpus niger, Dendronephthya spinulosa, Dendronephthya putteri, and Acabaria bicolor in the depth of 10-30 m. The seasonal variations of the number of individual and biomass of Cnidaria and Mollusca were observed. There was a slow increment in June, a decrement in October, and a drastic increasing in December. The biodiversity, evenness and richness index in surveyed stations were 2.715-3.413 (H'), 0.758-0.851(E'), and 5.202-8.720 (R) respectively. The dominance index was the highest in station M2 and the lowest in station M1.