Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2015.17.3.191

Corridor and Network Analyses of Forest Bird Habitats in a Metropolitan Area of South Korea  

Kang, Wanmo (Forest Ecology Division, Korea Forest Research Institute)
Park, Chan-Ryul (Forest Ecology Division, Korea Forest Research Institute)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology / v.17, no.3, 2015 , pp. 191-201 More about this Journal
Abstract
Measuring and mapping connectivity among habitats is a key component of sustainable urban planning and design process. In this study, we examined how functional corridors connect forest bird habitats in a metropolitan area of Korea using graph theory-based techniques. High-quality forest habitat was defined as a function of forest cover, presence of residential areas, and road networks. We then constructed a network of high-quality forest habitats using the FunConn (functional connectivity) tools, and computed metrics ($T_i$) of patch importance based on the minimum ($Q_1$) and the 25th percentile ($Q_{25}$) rank least-cost distance values. We investigated the relative influence of two values of patch importance on forest bird species richness. As a result, the patch importance index based on the $Q_{25}$ effective distance threshold was most positively correlated with species richness (P < 0.001) after controlling for the area effect. Thus, using the $Q_{25}$ effective distance threshold, we mapped not only the locations of important habitat patches and functional corridors, but also the network backbone of forest bird habitats. The network developed in this study can help guide urban planning for biodiversity conservation.
Keywords
Graph theory; Landscape connectivity; Multiple linkages; Species richness;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Andersson, E. and O. Bodin, 2009: Practical tool for landscape planning? An empirical investigation of network based models of habitat fragmentation. Ecography 32, 123-132.   DOI
2 Andren, H., 1994: Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a review. Oikos 71, 355-366.   DOI
3 Alberti, M., 2005: The effects of urban patterns on ecosystem function. International Regional Science Review 28, 168-192.   DOI
4 Baguette, M. and H. Van Dyck, 2007: Landscape connectivity and animal behavior: functional grain as a key determinant for dispersal. Landscape Ecology 22(8), 1117-1129.   DOI
5 Beier, P., D. R. Majka, and W. D. Spencer, 2008: Forks in the road: choices in procedures for designing wildland linkages. Conservation Biology 22(4), 836-851.   DOI
6 Bibby, C. J., N. D. Burgess, D. A. Hill, and S. H. Mustoe, 2000: Bird census techniques. Academic Press, 302pp.
7 Crooks, K. R. and M. Sanjayan, 2006: Connectivity Conservation. Cambridge University Press, 712pp.
8 Drinnan, I., 2005: The search for fragmentation thresholds in a southern Sydney suburb. Biological Conservation 124, 339-349.   DOI
9 Erritzoe, J., T. D. Mazgajski, and L. Rejt, 2003: Bird casualties on European roads a review. Acta Ornithologica 38, 77-93.   DOI
10 Faeth, S. H., P. S. Warren, E. Shochat, and W. A. Marussich, 2005: Trophic dynamics in urban communities. Bioscience 55, 399-407.   DOI
11 Fahrig, L., 2001: How much habitat is enough? Biological Conservation 100, 65-74.   DOI
12 Fall, A., M. Fortin, M. Manseau, and D. O'Brien, 2007: Spatial graphs: principles and applications for habitat connectivity. Ecosystems 10, 448-461.   DOI
13 Forman, R. T. T. and L. E. Alexander, 1998: Roads and their major ecological effects. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 29, 207-231.   DOI
14 Hansen, A. J., R. L. Knight, J. M. Marzluf, S. Powell, K. Brown, P. H. Gude, and K. Jones, 2005: Effects of exurban development on biodiversity: patterns, mechanisms, and research needs. Ecological Applications 15, 1893-1905.   DOI
15 Hilty, J., W. Lidicker, A. Merenlender, and A. Dobson, 2006: Corridor ecology: the science and practice of linking landscapes for biodiversity conservation. Island Press, 344pp.
16 Kang, W., 2013: Network analyses of habitat connectivity for biodiversity of urban forest birds, forest mammals, and a threatened tree species. Ph. D. Dissertation. Seoul National University.
17 Kang, W. and C. R. Park, 2011: Quantitative analysis of Seoul green space network with the application of graph theory. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 25(3), 412-420. (in Korean with English abstract)
18 Kang, W., D. Lee, and C. R. Park, 2012: Nest distribution of magpies Pica pica sericea as related to habitat connectivity in an urban environment. Landscape and Urban Planning 104, 212-219.   DOI
19 Kang, W., J. Kim, C. R. Park, and J. H. Sung, 2014: Comparing connectivity in forest networks of seven metropolitan cities of South Korea. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 16, 93-102. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
20 Kim, J., K. Lee, C. Park, J. Seo, Y. Son, K. Kim, H. Youn, C. Park, S. Lee, and J. Oh, 2006: Valuation of nonmarket forest resources. Journal of Korean Institute of Forest Recreation 10(2), 7-15. (in Korean with English abstract)
21 Korea Forest Service, 2010: Basic forest statistics. Korea Forest Service, 363pp. (in Korean)
22 Koskimies, P., 1989: Birds as a tool in environmental monitoring. Annales Zoologici Fennici 26, 153-166.
23 Laita, A., J. S. Kotiaho, and M. Monkkonen, 2011: Graphtheoretic connectivity measures: what do they tell us about connectivity? Landscape Ecology 26, 951-967.   DOI
24 Lee, D., G. Baek, C. Park, and H. Kim, 2011: Spatial planning of climate adaptation zone to promote climate change adaptation for endangered species. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 14(6), 111-117. (in Korean with English abstract)
25 Lee, D., W. Song, and S. Jeon, 2008: Regional ecological network design for wild animals' movement using landscape permeability and least-cost path methods in the metropolitan area of Korea. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 11(3): 94-106. (in Korean with English abstract)
26 McKinney, M. L., 2002: Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation. Bioscience 52(10), 883-890.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 McRae, B. H., B. G. Dickson, T. H. Keitt, and V. B. Shah, 2008: Using circuit theory to model connectivity in ecology, evolution, and conservation. Ecology 89, 2712-2724.   DOI
28 McRae, B. H., S. A. Hall, P. Beier, and D. M. Theobald, 2012: Where to restore ecological connectivity? Detecting barriers and quantifying restoration benefits. PloS one 7(12): e52604.   DOI
29 Minor, E. and D. Urban, 2008: A graph-theory framework for evaluating landscape connectivity and conservation planning. Conservation Biology. 22(2), 297-307.   DOI
30 Minor, E. and D. Urban, 2007: Graph theory as a proxy for spatially explicit population models in conservation planning. Ecological Applications 17(6), 1771-1782.   DOI
31 Minor, E. and D. Urban, 2010: Forest bird communities across a gradient of urban development. Urban Ecosystems 13, 51-71.   DOI
32 Opdam, P. and D. Wascher, 2004: Climate change meets habitat fragmentation: linking landscape and biogeographical scale levels in research and conservation. Biological Conservation 117, 285-297.   DOI
33 Pinto, N. and T. H. Keitt, 2009: Beyond the least-cost path: evaluating corridor redundancy using a graph-theoretic approach. Landscape Ecology 24(2), 253-266.   DOI
34 Radford, J. Q., A. F. Bennett, and G. J. Cheers, 2005: Landscape-level thresholds of habitat cover for woodland birds. Biological Conservation 124(3), 317-337.   DOI
35 Sapoval, B., A. Baldassarri, and A. Gabrielli, 2004: Selfstabilised fractality of sea-coasts through damped erosion. Physical Review Letters 99, 098501-098511.
36 Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG), 2008: A survey report on urban forest ecosystems in Seoul: stage 2. Seoul Metropolitan Government, 515pp. (in Korean)
37 Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG), 2009: A survey report on urban forest health and biodiversity in Seoul (2nd year). Seoul Metropolitan Government, 702pp. (in Korean)
38 Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG), 2010: A survey report on urban forest ecosystems in Seoul: stage 3. Seoul Metropolitan Government, 547pp. (in Korean)
39 Shanahan, D. F., C. Miller, H. P. Possingham, and R. A. Fuller, 2011: The influence of patch area and connectivity on avian communities in urban revegetation. Biological Conservation 144, 722-729.   DOI
40 Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG), 2011: A survey report on urban forest ecosystems in Seoul: Group 4. Seoul Metropolitan Government, 702pp. (in Korean)
41 Spencer, W. D., P. Beier, K. Penrod, K. Winters, C. Paulman, H. Rustigian-Romsos, J. Strittholt, M. Parisi, and A. Pettler, 2010: California essential habitat connectivity project: a strategy for conserving a connected California. Report prepared for California Department of Transportation and California Department of Fish and Game, 179pp.
42 Taylor, P., L. Fahrig, K. Henein, and G. Merriam, 1993: Connectivity is a vital element of landscape structure. Oikos 68(3), 571-573.   DOI
43 Teng, M., C. Wu, Z. Zhou, E. Lord, and Z. Zheng, 2011: Multipurpose greenway planning for changing cities: a framework integrating priorities and a least-cost path model. Landscape and Urban. Planning 103, 1-14.   DOI
44 Theobald, D. M., 2006: Exploring the functional connectivity of landscapes using landscape networks. Connectivity conservation: maintaining connections for nature, K. R. Crooks and M. A. Sanjayan (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, 416-443.
45 Theobald, D. M., J. B. Norman, and M. R. Sherburne, 2006: FunConn v1 user''s manual: ArcGIS tools for functional connectivity modeling. Natural Resource Ecology Lab. Colorado State University.
46 Theobald, D. M., K. R. Crooks, and J. B. Norman, 2011: Assessing effects of land use on landscape connectivity: loss and fragmentation of western U.S. forests. Ecological Applications 21, 2445-2458.   DOI
47 Urban D. and T. Keitt, 2001: Landscape connectivity: a graph-theoretic perspective. Ecology 82, 1205-1218.   DOI
48 Thomas, P. J., A. K. Labrosse, A. C. Pomeroy, and K. A. Otter, 2011: Effects of weather on avian migration at proposed ridgeline wind energy sites. Journal of Wildlife Management 75, 805-815.   DOI
49 Tryjanowski, P., T. H. Sparks, S. Ku niak, P. Czechowski, and L. Jerzak, 2013: Bird migration advances more strongly in urban environments. PLoS ONE 8(5), e63482.   DOI
50 Urban, D., E. Minor, E. Treml, and R. Schick, 2009: Graph models of habitat mosaics. Ecology Letters 12, 260-273.   DOI
51 Walker, R. and L. Craighead, 1997: Analysis of wildlife movement corridors in Montana using GIS. Proceedings of the 1997 ESRI Users conference, Copenhagen, 1-18.