• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.100-102
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• 1990

Brine shrimp bioassay has been frequently utilized as a basic screening method for detecting a broad range of bioactive compounds from natural products. Each methanol, chloroform, and water extract of thirty-eight crude drugs were screened in the brine shrimp bioassay, and a number of crude drugs exhibited toxicity against brine shrimp nauplii.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.s01
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• pp.16-25
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• 1989

A bioassay is a test system using a living organism (in whole or in part) to determine the presence or relative potency of chemical substances. The development and uses of bioassay are intimately linked to the discovery and characterization of the major classes of plant hormones. An application of this relationship is helpful for understanding the concept of plant hormones as well as the use of bioassay. And plant bioassay have been development and employed not only for the discovery and characterization of the biological activity of plant growth regulators but also have served several important secondary roles. The ideal bioassay should possess the characteristic of high specificity. great sensitivity. short response time, low cost and ease of obtaining plant material. acceptable ease of manipulation, and minimal space and equipment requirements.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.137-142
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• 2004

Dioxin-like compounds are ubiquitous environmental polltants that could be accumulated in biological system and toxic to human and wildlife. Given this issue, it is important to develop a reliable dioxin detection methods for a rational risk assesment of dioxin-like compounds. In this study, we tried to set up and validate a sensitive, reliable risk assessment of dioxin-like compounds. In this study, we tried to set up and validate a sensitive, reliable and rapid bioassay model, CALUX bioassay as a screening tool for routine measurement of dioxin-like conpounds in environmental matrices. For the valisation of CALUX bioassay, firstly, we performed dose-response assay for 2,3,7,8-TCDD, most potent dioxin-like compound, using two different methods CALUX and EROD assay. Induction of luciferase activity and CYPIA catalyzed EROD activity were dose-dependently induced by 2,3,7,8-TCDD, with initial induction at 0.1 pM and maximal induction at 1 nM. In order t determine whether the CALUX bioassay could predict the effects of dioxin-like compounds, 2,3,7,8-TCDD dose-response from CALUX was compared with that from EROD assay. The correlation coefficient ($r^2$) was found to be 0.89, indicating a good correlation between two different methods and the possibility of CALUX bioassay as a useful dioxin detecting method.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.284-291
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• 1997

The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of DWP20367 (1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-chloro-7-(2, 7-diazabicyclo[3,3,0]tract-4-ene-7-yl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), a novel fluoroquinolone, were examined in rats and beagle dogs after a single intravenous and oral administration. Analysis of DWP20367 in plasma, tissue, and urine was determined by both HPLC and microbiological assay (bioassay). The plasma concentration-time curves of the drug in rats and beagle dogs were biexponentially declined. The terminal half-life (t$_{1}$2$\beta$/) of the drug in rats was about 60.1 $\pm$7.3 min (i.v.) and 61.3 $\pm$ 12.4 min (p.o.) in bioassay, and 86.3 $\pm$19.8 min (i.v.) and 50.9$\pm$ 14.9 min (p.o.) in HPLC. In beagle dogs, half-life of the drug determined by bioassay was about 121.8$\pm$6.2 min (i.v.) and 111.0$\pm$7.6 min (p.o.). The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd$_{ss}$ ) was 243.8$\pm$74.1 ml/kg (bioassay) and 339.2$\pm$84.3 ml/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 1587.5 $\pm$536.9 ml/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The total body clearance (Cl$_{t}$) of DWP20367 was 3.4 $\pm$ 0.4 ml/min/kg (bioassay) and 2.4$\pm$0.4 ml/min/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 12.3$\pm$ 1.0 ml/min/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs, respectively. The extent of bioavailability after oral administration was 89.1%(bioassay) and 79.9% (HPLC) in rats, and 78.7% (bioassay) in beagle dogs. Urinary recovery (24-h) assayed by bioassay was 0.7% (p.o.) and 1.2% (i.v.) in rats, and 0.8% (p.o.) and 1.0% (i.v.) in beagle dogs. In rats, 24-h fecal recovery determined by bioassay was 11.2% (p.o.) and 0.1% (i.v.). Rat and human serum protein binding ratios at 2$\mu$g/ml were about 90~91%. This drug determined by bioassay was also distributed by the order of liver, kidney, lung, heart, spleen and muscle 30 min after oral administration.on.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 1997

The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of DWP20373, a novel fluoroquinolone, were examined in rats and beagle dogs after a single intravenous and oral administration. Analysis of DWP20373 in plasma, tissue, and urine was performed by both HPLC and microbiological assay. The plasma drug concentration declined biexponentially both rats and beagle dogs. In the rats, the terminal drug elimination half-life (t$_{1}$2$\beta$/) was 64 min (IV) and 57 min (PO) by bioassay, and 76 min (IV) and 77 min (PO) by HPLC. Whereas in beagle dogs, t$_{1}$2$\beta$/ was 196 min (IV) and 350 min (PO). The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd$_{ss}$ ) was 811 ml/kg (bioassay) and 2061 ml/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 2738 ml/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The total body clearance (Cl$_{t}$) of DWP20373 was 10 ml/min/kg (bioassay) and 7 ml/min/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 11 m1/min/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The extent of bioavailability after oral administration was 49% (bioassay) and 67% (HPLC) in rats, and 84% (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The 24-h urinary recovery, measured by bioassay, was 2.7% after oral dosing and 5.5% after intravenous dosing in rats. Serum protein binding ratio determined at 27g/ml was 78%. This drug was also distributed in tissues in the decreasing order of liver, kidney, spleen, lung, heart, and muscle determined at 30 min after oral administration.on.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.135-144
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• 1999

Environmental toxicities of priority water pollutants were evaluated by two selected bioassays, Lettuce seed germination/elongation test and Microtox acute toxicity test. Toxic chemicals (heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenolic compounds) inhibited the germination rate and root elongation of Lettuce seed, as well as the bioluminescence of Microtox bacteria. When test biota were exposed to target chemicals, the sensitivity of Lettuce bioassay was relatively lower than that of Microtox bioassay. However, Lettuce bioassay may be a good candidate for prescreening the environmental toxicities of priority water pollutants, since the testing method with Lettuce seed was relatively easier and more economic than with Microtox bacteria. Toxicity tests were conducted to compare the validity and sensitivity of both bioassays for sediment from a small stream passed through urban area as well as leachate from a municipal solid waste landfill. From experimental results, we found that Lettuce test and Microtox test are compensated each other as a battery of bioassay for evaluating the environmental toxicities of field samples obtained from a small stream contaminated by pollutants.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.158-158
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• 2003

Bioassays using gametes of sea urchins are widely used in ecotoxicological assessments of marine environments. Since most of sea urchin species in Korean coastal water spawn from spring to autumn, bioassay with them during the winter is impossible. In the course of developing standard methods for bioassays with Korean species, we found a winter-spawning starfish, Asterias amurensis, Since reproductive mode of asteroids is similar to echinoids, the bioassay protocol for sea urchins could be applied similarly to the starfish. Here, we tested and determined several conditions for the acceptability of bioassay with A. amurensis. The least required time for formation of fertilization membrane of fertilized eggs to be easily distinguished from unfertilized ones was 60 min. The threshold of sperm to egg ratio that could make acceptable fertilization rates in controls was 3000. The allowed time for manipulation of sperm after dilution in seawater was at most 3 hr. The optimal exposure time of sperms when the response against toxicant solution was relatively stable was in the range of 20-60 min. The tolerance range of sperms to the salinity of test solution was 26-38 psu. The sensitivity of A. amurensis sperm was intermediate among marine organisms commonly used in aquatic toxicity tests. The sperm bioassay with A. amurensis can be satisfactorily applied to toxicity assessments of marine environments.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 2003

In vivo bioassays for biological medicines have been considered final resort to unequivocally assess the biological activities for them because there are some cases in which the biological activities obtained from in vivo bioassay and in vitro bioassay quite differ each other. The in vivo biological activity of EPO depends on its sialic acid contents which confer microheterogeneity-isoforms to this protein. We have devise a method which consists of a in vitro bioassay using BaF3 cell line and a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) for the measurement of the EPO isoform distribution. The biological activity of EPO obtained using in vitro bioassay with BaF3 cell line showed good correlation (C.V.(％) 7.34, 5.85, 8,16, 8.08, 8.8) to EPO content measured either spectrophotometric assay (A280 0.1 ％ ＝0.743) or radio immunoassay. The assay validation results of in vitro bioassay with 3 lot of in house EPO showed good results to EPO content measured either in vivo assay or radio immunoassay. and also showed good results the robustness of our method in terms of precision, accuracy, repeatability. The isoform distribution for EPO-BRP (1 : 1 mixture of epoetin-${\alpha}$ and epoetin-${\beta}$, European Pharmacopoeia) by CZE method resulted in isoform 2 through isoform 8. The major peaks in electrophoregram were composed of isoform 3 through 7. Our recombinant EPO (epoetin-${\alpha}$) having equivalent in vivo biological activity showed the isoform distribution of isoform 3 through 9. The major peaks consisted of isoform 4 through 8. The peak area of isoform 4 was always smaller than that of isoform 5. The preparations of recombinant epoetin-${\alpha}$ with lower in vivo biological activity than EPO-BRP showed the isoform 2 through 8 in their electrophoregrams whose major peaks consisted of the isoform 3 through 7. The peak area of isoform 4 was larger than that of isoform 5.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2004

A computer software program, called BIDAS (BIoassay Data Analysis Software) is developed to interpret the bioassay measurement data in terms of intakes and the committed effective dose using the human respiratory tract model (HRTM), gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract) model and biokinetic models currently recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to describe the behavior of the radioactive materials within the body. The program consists of three modules; first, a database module to manage the bioassay data, second, another databasee module to store the predicted bioassay quantities of each radionuclide and finally, a computational module to estimate the intake and committed effective dose calculated with the bioassay quantity measurement values from either an acute or chronic exposure of the radionuclies within the body. This paper describes the features of the program as well as the quality assurance check results of the BIDAS software program.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2014

Urine bioassay has been widely used for internal dosimetry due to simple process of sampling and measurement. In this paper, we participated in the NRIP (NIST Radiochemistry Intercomparison Program) hosted by US NIST to carry out a reliable performance test of urine bioassay and introduced the measurement method and results of NRIP-2013. In customary exercise with 60 days of reporting time, bioassay results of 12 radionuclides in the synthetic urine samples were acceptable based on the performance criteria of ANSI N13.30. In emergency preparedness exercise with 8 hours of reporting time, bioassay results of 9 radionuclides showed that differences ranged from -35% to 45%. However, we concluded that urine bioassay applied for emergency preparedness exercise would be applicable for rapid screening and estimation of internal exposure within a difference of ${\pm}45%$ in the event of radiological accidents.