• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.357-360
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• 2003

Methanol extracts from Paeonia lactiflora showed a strong inhibition against platelet aggregation on platelet activation test. Therefore, the bioactive constituents from Paeonia lactiflora were prepared using chromatography methods and were analyzed by NMR and reference data. Compound 1b was confirmed a same structure with henzoyloxypaeoniflorin, compound 2e was a same structure with paeoniflorin; main product of Paeonia lactiflora. Analytical data of compound 3a were not consistent with any known paeoniflorin soucture, but showed the souctural similarity with it. And also the aggregation inhibition activity of compound 3a showed a strong inhibition($\geq$ 90%) induced by collagen. Therefore it suggested that the structure of compound 3a may be the similar structure of benzoyloxypaeoflorin with a functional group in place of benzoyl group and/or a different functional group in stead of Rl. We suggested that benzoyl group of benzoyloxypaeoniflorin substitued instead of 5-carbon OH group on glycoside moiety paeoniflorin played role of the metabolite in case of a platelet aggregation inhibition activity. Paeoniflorin showed more strong inhibition by thrombin than collagen. Therefore, it may be destructed a calcium metabolite as a forming $Ca^2＋$ chelate. Compound 3a may be that other functional group instead of OH group of 5-carbon on glycoside moiety of paeoniflorin and/or OH group of benzoyl moiety of paeoniflorin played role of the metabolite in a platelet aggregation inhibition.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.304-314
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• 2022

Background: Ginsenosides are biologically active components of ginseng and have various functions. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory activity of a ginseng product generated from ginseng powder (GP) via enzymatic bioconversion. This product, General Bio compound K-10 mg solution (GBCK10S), exhibited increased levels of minor ginsenosides, including ginsenoside-F1, compound K, and compound Y. Methods: The immunomodulatory properties of GBCK10S were confirmed using mice and a human natural killer (NK) cell line. We monitored the expression of molecules involved in immune responses via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, NK cell-targeted cell destruction, quantitative reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analyses. Results: Oral administration of GBCK10S significantly increased serum immunoglobulin M levels and primed splenocytes to express pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ. Oral administration of GBCK10S also activated NK cells in mice. Furthermore, GBCK10S treatment stimulated a human NK cell line in vitro, thereby increasing granzyme B gene expression and activating STAT5. Conclusion: GBCK10S may have potent immunostimulatory properties and can activate immune responses mediated by B cells, Th1-type T cells, and NK cells.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.114-120
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• 2015

The aim of this research was to compare the bioactive compound content and quality traits of breast meat from male and female Korean native ducks (KND) and commercial ducks (CD, Cherry Valley). Meat from three 6-wk old birds of each sex from KND and CD were evaluated for carcass and breast weights, pH, color, cooking loss, shear force, and bioactive compound (creatine, carnosine, anserine, betaine, and L-carnitine) content. KND showed significantly higher carcass weights than CD whereas no such difference (p>0.05) was found between male and female ducks. The breed and sex had no significant effects on the breast weight, pH value, and shear force. However, KND had significantly lower cooking loss values than did CD. Creatine, anserine, and L-carnitine contents were significantly higher in KND than in CD and were predominant in female ducks compared to males. The results of this study provide rare information regarding the amounts and the determinants of several bioactive compounds in duck meat, which can be useful for selection and breeding programs, and for popularizing indigenous duck meat.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 2014

The bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of aronia leaves at different stages of maturity were identified and evaluated. Young and old leaves were approximately 2 months of age and 4 months of age, respectively. The young leaves contained more polyphenols and flavonoids than the old leaves. Three phenolic compounds (i.e., chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and rutin) were detected by HPLC. Antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical, and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays. The reducing power of aronia leaf extracts increased in a concentration-dependent manner ($0{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$). The antioxidant activity of the 80% ethanol extract was greater than that of distilled water extract. The high phenolic compound content indicated that these compounds contribute to antioxidant activity. The overall results indicate that aronia leaves contain bioactive compounds, and that younger aronia leaves may be more favorable for extracting antioxidative ingredients because they contain more polyphenols.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 1996

In the research and development of bioactive compounds, determining whether a compound is novel is necessary at almost every stage. Fast and efficient determination can save money, time and effort, and thereby increase efficiency. Analysis and investigation of empirical results for previously determined compounds is also important in such research. The need to communicate research findings between workers is necessary. In effect, a systematic, centralized communication medium is required. Therefore, we have developed and constructed our own database and search systems. We have developed a search system on DOS and constructed a source file for our own database. To support multiple users, we have developed another specific and comprehensive search system, including powerful searching and output management features. The system has been developed to be simple and user-friendly, using the curses library of UNIX, while still allowing complicated queries to be performed easily with simple full-screen facilities. This UNIX version will be available for use by researchers on a computer network and is expected to make numerous contributions to basic research in universities. It will also have direct applications for institutes and industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.34-37
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• 1998

Combinatorial chemistry is one of the most interested topics in the area of drug discovery. One of the most important points is how to find a lead compound that gives the seed structure for designing of a combinatorial library. Natural products is suitable for searching a new bioactive compound with new structure. We have carried out systematic screening works to find natural products possessing the effects on inter-and intra-cellular signaling. Two hundreds extracts of medical plants and two thousands microbial culture broth samples have been tested for the induction and inhibition of IL-2 or IL-6 production (Fig. 1). ELISA is an efficient method for screenings from such a large number of samples. Now, we apply this method to search prion- binding agents.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to obtain a natural antibiotic from Phenol-rich compounds; for the dressing and the treatment of chronic wounds. Methods: The Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was prepared by blending four natural herbal extracts, Acacia catechu (L.F.), Momia (Shilajit), Castanea sativa, and Ephedra sinica stapf, with combination of a sweet gel medium, including honey, maple saps, Phoenix dactylifera L. (date), pomegranate extract and Azadirachta indica gum as a stabilizer. The combinations were screened by using a well-diffusion assay with cloxacillin as a control. Pseudomonas spp. was tested with our novel antimicrobial compound. The zones of inhibition in agar culture were measured for each individual component and for the compound, and the results were compared with those of the control group which had been treated with cloxacillin. Data were expressed as means ${\pm}$ standard deviations. Quantitative analyses were performed using the paired t-test. Results: The antibiotic effect of the Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was statistically shown to be more significant than that of cloxacillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our novel approach to fighting the antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas proved to be successful. The Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was found to be suitable for use as an alternative medicine and bioactive dressing material, for the treatment of patients with various types of wounds, including burns, venous leg ulcers, ulcers of various etiologies, leg ulcers on the feet of diabetic, unhealed graft sampling sites, abscesses, boils, surgical wounds, necrotic process, post-operative and neonatal wound infection, and should be considered as an alternative to the usual methods of cure.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 1998

This study was carried out for the identification and bioassay of bioactive compounds which isolated from Phyutolacca americana L. obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. Two biological active compounds were found from crude extracts of P. americana roots, using the systematic solvent fractionations, such as ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction. One biological compound was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction with silicagel column chromatography, which was identified as a ${\alpha}-spinasterol$ by spectral analysis of IR, H-NMR, C-NMR and MS. The other one is isolated from butanol fraction which was identified as phytolaccoside E by spectral analysis of IR, H-NMR, C-NMR and MS. 2. The ${\alpha}-spinasterol$ and phytolaccoside E induced necrosis of primary root and resulted in death of the tested plant. These two compounds strongly inhibited to the growth of Mucor racemous and Phytophthora infestants but did not inhibited the growth of Colletotricum lagenarium and Fusarium oxisporum. 3. Cytotoxicity of the two biological active compound was exammined to the two different animal cancer cell lines (L1210, K562). The phytolaccoside E has some cytotoxical activity to the growth of cancer cell lines (L1210, K562) but $\alpha$-spinasterol has not cytotoxical effect.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.201-209
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• 2021

Agarwood (Aquilaria spp) has high economic value. However, essential oil production from agarwood is a time-consuming process. Additionally, agarwood leaves have not been utilized even though they contain various bioactive ingredients. In this study, agarwood leaves were fermented using Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 with or without Stevia (4, 8, and 12%; v/v). The fermented fluid was mixed with maltodextrin (15%; w/v) and subjected to spray drying (inlet temperature, 120℃; outlet temperature, 65-70℃). The contents of polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids and the viability of L. plantarum were determined. Fermentation enhanced the levels of bioactive compounds. The contents of polyphenol (69.19 ± 4.05 mg GAE/g of sample), polysaccharide (20.75 ± 0.98 mg GE/g of sample), saponin (305.23 ± 4.21 mg OAE/g of sample), and flavonoid (7.86 ± 0.72 mg QE/g of sample), and the viability of L. plantarum (8.72 ± 0.17 log CFU/ml) were markedly upregulated in the samples containing Stevia (12%; v/v). This indicated that the supplementation of Stevia during fermentation decreases the fermentation time (9 h), upregulates bioactive compound production in agarwood leaves, enhances microencapsulation during spray drying, and increases the viability of L. plantarum under simulated gastric digestion conditions.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.678-684
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• 2010

In an attempt to improve biomass and bioactive compound production, we cultured adventitious roots of $Eleutherococcus$ $koreanum$ in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of auxins (IBA, NAA, IAA) and cytokinins (BA, kinetin, TDZ). Root biomass (fresh and dry weight) was enhanced at $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) after 5 weeks of culture. The content of total phenolics and flavonoids was also increased with $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IBA compared to ${\alpha}$-naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatments. The combination of $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IBA with $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ thidiazuron (TDZ; N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3,-thidiazol-5-ylurea) enhanced root fresh and dry weight (1.4- and 1.6-fold, respectively) as well as the content of total phenolics and flavonoids compared to the relative control (without cytokinin). On the contrary, $N_6$-benzyladenine (BA) and 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) did not significantly affect root biomass and bioactive compound production in adventitious roots of $E.$ $koreanum$. These results suggested that $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IBA combination with $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ TDZ supplementation was most suitable for both biomass and bioactive compound production from adventitious roots of $E.$ $koreanum$.