• 환경생물
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.654-661
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• 2017

축산폐수에 기인한 오염 물질 저감을 위해 최근 축산폐수처리 후속공정으로 인공습지와 같은 자연친화적인 처리법이 제안되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 자연친화적 공법이 수생태독성 저감에도 효과적인지 알아보기 위해 다양한 공정의 인공습지를 제작하여 축산폐수 시료를 대상으로 처리 전후 오염저감율 및 물벼룩 급성 독성 변화를 분석하였다. 본 실험결과, 비록 갈대의 유무 및 종류, 그리고 여재의 종류에 따른 영향은 없으나 인공습지에 처리된 경우 유입수에 비해 TN, TP, COD 농도 저감과 더불어 생태독성 영향이 감소하였다. 따라서 일반 갈대는 물론 바이오갈대와 바이오여재를 사용한 인공습지는 축산폐수의 TN, TP, COD 저감은 물론 생태독성 감소에도 효과적인 공법으로 판단된다. 향후 가축분뇨 정화시설과 연계한 후속처리공정으로 적용하기 위해서는 다양한 성상의 축산폐수를 대상으로 처리효율과 생태독성시험이 연계된 통합평가가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2017

쓰레기 소각장이나 산업체의 폐열을 농업에 활용한 사례는 몇몇 있었다. 그러나 온배수를 농업에 활용한 사례는 전무하였으며, 치어, 종패 등을 양식하는 수산업이 대부분이었다. 본 연구에서는 화력발전소의 온배수(폐열)를 열원으로 이용하는 120 RT 규모의 냉난방시스템을 제주특별자치도 서귀포시 안덕면 소재의 $5,280m^2$ 아열대 작물(망고) 재배온실에 설치, 10월에서 다음해 2월까지 약 5개월 동안 난방을 실시하여 난방에너지 비용 절감 효과 등 분석하였다. 난방에너지 비용 절감효과는 면세경유에 대하여 87%이였으며, 또한 발전소의 온배수를 에너지원으로 재활용함으로서 62%의 이산화탄소 배출 저감 효과를 얻었다. 본 연구를 계기로 2015년에 해수가 수열에너지 분야로 재생에너지에 포함되었다. 해수의 표층의 열을 히트펌프를 사용하여 변환시켜 얻은 에너지라는 수열에너지 분야의 기준과 범위를 볼 때, 이는 온배수가 재생에너지에 포함되었다고 말해도 과언이 아닐 것으로 사료된다. 그 이유는 온배수도 해수임에도 불구하고 온도가 일반 해수보다 $7{\sim}8^{\circ}C$ 높아, 일반 해수를 히트펌프의 열원으로 이용하는 것보다 온배수를 열원으로 이용했을 때 히트펌프의 성능이 높기 때문이다. 또한 같은 해 농식품부의 폐열 재이용 시설 지원 사업이 발표되어, 발전소 온배수뿐만 아니라 산업체와 소각장의 폐열을 농업에 활용하면 지원을 받을 수 있게 되었다. 이 사업에 의하여 2015년 당진시, 하동군, 제주시, 곡성군이 선정되었으며, 2016년 태안군, 서귀포시 등이 선정되어, 2016년 말 곡성군과 제주시가 공사를 완료, 농업에 폐열을 활용하고 있으며(제주시는 발전소, 곡성군은 산업체 폐열을 이용하고 있음), 기타 지역은 추진 중이다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Bio diesel has advantages to reduce GHG(Greenhouse Gas) compare with the fossil fuel by using oil comes from plant/animal sources and even waste such as used cook oil. The diversity of energy feeds brings the positive effects to secure the national energy mix. In this circumstance, micro-algae is one of the prospective source, though some technical barriers. We analyzed the bio diesel which was derived from Dunaliella tertiolecta LB999 through the BD100 quality specifications designated by the law. From that result, it is revealed that the oxidation stability is one of the properties to be improved. In order to find the reason for low oxidation stability, we analyzed the oxidation tendency of each FAME components through some methods(EN 14111, EN14112, EN16091). In this study, we could find the higher double bond FAME portion, the more oxidative property(C18:1${\ll}C18:3$) in bio diesel and main unsaturated FAME group is acted as the key component deciding the bio diesel's oxidation stability. It is proved experimentally that C18:3 FAME are oxidized easily under the modified accelerated oxidation test. We also figure out low molecular weight hydrocarbon and FAME were founded as a result of thermal degradation. Some alcohol and aldehydes were also made by FAME oxidation. In conclusion, it is necessary to find the way to improve the micro-algal bio diesel's oxidation stability.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2010

양송이 폐상배지의 퇴비 활용성을 검토하고자 유기물원 2종류, 질소원 3종류를 각각 혼용하여 퇴비화과정을 거쳐 퇴비의 이화학적 특성 및 미생물상의 변화를 조사하였다. 처리별 자재 혼용비율은 퇴비의 기준인 유기물 함량 25%이상 함유되도록 조절하였다. 유기물원은 톱밥이 볏짚보다 높았으며, 질소원은 계분 >> 돈분 > 우분 순 340 경기천 이희덕 정영필 장갑열 윤민호으로 높았다. 발효기간 동안 폐배지+돈분+볏짚 처리구는 빠른 온도 변화를 보였으며, 폐배지3:톱밥9:돈분1 (MSP) 처리구는 발효 중간까지 온도상승이 지속적으로 유지되는 결과를 보였다. 또한 pH는 초기에 8.5~9.0으로 높게 유지되다가 종료시점에 7.5 수준으로 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 발효 후 유기물함량 변화는 볏짚 처리구는 19~21% 수준으로 감소되었으나, 톱밥을 처리할 경우 25~27% 수준을 유지하였고, 그 중 폐배지3:톱밥9:계분1 (MSF)에서 유기물 26.2% 와, 질소 0.68%로 가장 높았다. 탄소원으로 볏짚을 사용한 경우 퇴비제조 후 부피가 절반으로 줄어든 반면 톱밥은 30% 정도밖에 줄어들지 않았다. 퇴비제조 후 미생물상 변화는 탄소원의 경우 볏짚 처리구가 톱밥 처리구보다 전반적으로 개체수가 많았으며, 특히 호기성세균, Gram 음성균, Bacillus 등이 많았고, 질소원은 계분 > 돈분 > 우분 순으로 미생물 개체수가 많았다. 생균수는 퇴비 발효 전 보다 $1{\times}10^1{\sim}1{\times}10^2\;cfu\;g^{-1}$ 수준으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 양송이폐상배지를 이용한 퇴비 제조 시 폐배지3:톱밥9:계분1 (MSF 3:9:1 v/v/v) 처리에서 높은 유기물과 질소원으로 양질의 퇴비가 되었으며 퇴비발효기간은 50~60일이었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2010

This study was performed to develop extrusion pelletizer for pelletizing the compost waste food. The effect of water content on the shape of pellet, the relationship between diameter of pellet and of extrusion hole and the relationship between extrusion force and die angle were investigated. Considering the stable shape of compost pellet and the operation efficiency of pelletizer, the water content of 2~4% was considered as the best condition. And the compost pellet could not maintain it's shape at the water content of 10% or over. The strongest extrusion force was needs when the die angle had $90^{\circ}C$ in 6 mm extrusion hole diameter, on the other hand, the weakest extrusion force was need at the die angle of $45^{\circ}{\sim}65^{\circ}$. The compression strength of pellet shows the highest strength of 9.2Mpa when we make the compost pellet after screening the compost and make it with a size of 1.18 mm(No.16) or less.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2018

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has been attractive since it can not only treat organic waste in an eco-friendly way by digesting it but also generate electricity by the unique metabolic process of microbes. However, it hasn't been employed in practical use until now because it is hard to integrate a small electricity up to an adequate amount of electric power and difficult to keep its bio-electric activity consistent. In this study, we combined an energy harvester with MFC (MFC-EH) to make the power-integration convenient and developed an energy self-sustainable wireless sensor system driven by a stable electric power produced by MFC-EH. Additionally, we build the low power application measuring data to be cast by the web in real-time so that it can be quickly and easily accessed through the internet. The proposed system could contribute to improvement of waste treatment and up-cycling technologies in near future.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2020

With benefits to the human health, environment, economy, and energy, anaerobic digestion (AD) systems have attracted remarkable attention within the scientific community. Anaerobic digestion system is created from (bio)reactors to perform a series of bi-metabolism steps including hydrolysis/acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. By considering the physical separation of the digestion steps above, AD systems can be classified into single-stage (all digestion steps in one reactor) and multi-stage (digestion steps in various reactors). Operation of the AD systems does not only depend on the type of digestion system but also relies on the interaction among growth factors (temperature, pH, and nutrients), the type of reactor, and operating parameters (retention time, organic loading rate). However, these interactions were often reviewed inadequately for the single-stage digestion systems. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of both single-stage and multi-stage systems as well as the influence of the growth factors, operating conditions, and the type of reactor on them. From those points, the advantages, disadvantages, and application range of each system are well understood.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.358-365
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• 2020

An organic solvent- and bleach-stable protease-producing strain was isolated from a polluted river water sample and identified as Aeromonas veronii OB3 on the basis of biochemical properties (API 20E) and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The strain was found to hyper-produce alkaline protease when cultivated on fish waste powder-based medium (HVSP, 4080 U/ml). The biochemical properties and compatibility of OB3 with several detergents and additives were studied. Maximum activity was observed at pH 9.0 and 60℃. The crude protease displayed outstanding stability to the investigated surfactants and oxidants, such as Tween 80, Triton X-100, and H₂O₂, and almost 36% residual activity when incubated with 1% SDS. Remarkably, the enzyme demonstrated considerable compatibility with commercial detergents, retaining more than 100% of its activity with Ariel and Tide (1 h, 40℃). Moreover, washing performance of Tide significantly improved by the supplementation of small amounts of OB3 crude protease. These properties suggest the potential use of this alkaline protease as a bio-additive in the detergent industry and other biotechnological processes such as peptide synthesis.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.941-953
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• 2019

Biodiesels are being explored as a clean energy alternative to regular diesel, which causes pollution. In this study, the optimum conditions for producing biodiesel (BD) by combining beef tallow, an animal waste resource with a high saturated fatty acid content, and corn oil, a vegetable oil with a high unsaturated fatty acid content, were investigated, and the fuel properties were analyzed. Furthermore, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to verify the optimum conditions for producing biodiesel. The influences of control factors, such as the oil blend ratio and methanol to oil molar ratio, on the fatty acid methyl ester and biodiesel production yield were investigated. As a result, the optimum condition for producing blended biodiesel was verified to be tallow to corn oil blend ratio of 7 : 3 (TACO7) and a methanol to oil molar ratio of 14 : 1. Moreover, the interaction between the oil blend ratio and the methanol to oil molar ratio has the most crucial effects on the production of oil blended biodiesel. In conclusion, the analysis results of the fuel properties of TACO7 BD satisfied the BD quality standard, and thus, the viability of BD blended with waste tallow as fuel was verified.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.441-444
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• 2006

A lot of water is using in the paper mill for dilution, washing, sealing, and other process operation. As the regulation of water environment has been more tightened than ever before, water management in the paper mill becomes the most important task. Topics on reducing fresh water and increasing recycling water have been studied. Further, an interest in zero-effluent system has been increased. The pH of waste water in paper mill is usually weak acidic or neutral. The waste water in the paper mill includes water insoluble organic materials that are not easy to be dissolved in the water, inorganic materials that never react with water and chemical additives that are used to recycled fiber. This study investigated on the effect of various materials used in paper mill on COD. This data could be used to control the environmental load in paper mill. COD caused by raw materials and NBDCOD (Non Bio Degradable COD) after the activated sludge process are investigated in this study. Results obtained in this study can be used in a simulation program designed to control environmental load in the paper mill.