• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bio-regeneration

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Bio-hybrid dental implants prepared using stem cells with β-TCP-coated titanium and zirconia

  • Safi, Ihab Nabeel;Hussein, Basima Mohammed Ali;Al-Shammari, Ahmed Majeed
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.242-257
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study investigated periodontal ligament (PDL) restoration in osseointegrated implants using stem cells. Methods: Commercial pure titanium and zirconium oxide (zirconia) were coated with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) using a long-pulse Nd:YAG laser (1,064 nm). Isolated bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMSCs) from rabbit tibia and femur, isolated PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) from the lower right incisor, and co-cultured BMMSCs and PDLSCs were tested for periostin markers using an immunofluorescent assay. Implants with 3D-engineered tissue were implanted into the lower right central incisors after extraction from rabbits. Forty implants (Ti or zirconia) were subdivided according to the duration of implantation (healing period: 45 or 90 days). Each subgroup (20 implants) was subdivided into 4 groups (without cells, PDLSC sheets, BMMSC sheets, and co-culture cell sheets). All groups underwent histological testing involving haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, stereoscopic analysis to measure the PDL width, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The natural lower central incisors were used as controls. Results: The BMMSCs co-cultured with PDLSCs generated a well-formed PDL tissue that exhibited positive periostin expression. Histological analysis showed that the implantation of coated (Ti and zirconia) dental implants without a cell sheet resulted in a well-osseointegrated implant at both healing intervals, which was confirmed with FESEM analysis and negative periostin expression. The mesenchymal tissue structured from PDLSCs only or co-cultured (BMMSCs and PDLSCs) could form a natural periodontal tissue with no significant difference between Ti and zirconia implants, consequently forming a biohybrid dental implant. Green fluorescence for periostin was clearly detected around the biohybrid implants after 45 and 90 days. FESEM showed the invasion of PDL-like fibres perpendicular to the cementum of the bio-hybrid implants. Conclusions: β-TCP-coated (Ti and zirconia) implants generated periodontal tissue and formed biohybrid implants when mesenchymal-tissue-layered cell sheets were isolated from PDLSCs alone or co-cultured BMMSCs and PDLSCs.

Anaerobic Organic Wastewater Treatment and Energy Regeneration by Utilizing E-PFR System (E-PER 반응기를 이용한 유기성 폐기물의 혐기성 처리와 재생에너지 생산에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Burmshik;Choi, Hong-Bok;Lee, Jae-Ki;Park, Joo Hyung;Ji, Duk Gi;Choi, Eun-Ju
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 2008
  • Wastewater containing strong organic matter is very difficult to treat by utilizing general sewage treatment plant. but the wastewater is adequate to generate biomass energy (bio-gas; methane gas) by utilizing anaerobic digestion. EcoDays Plug Flow Reactor (E-PFR), which was already proved as an excellent aerobic wastewater treatment reactor, was adapted for anaerobic food wastewater digestion. This research was performed to improve the efficiency of bio-gas production and to optimize anaerobic wastewater treatment system. Food wastewater from N food waste treatment plant was applied for the pilot scale experiments. The results indicated that the efficiency of anaerobic wastewater treatment and the volume of bio-gas were increased by applying E-PFR to anaerobic digestion. The structural characteristics of E-PFR can cause the high efficiency of anaerobic treatment processes. The unique structure of E-PFR is a diaphragm dividing vertical hydraulic multi-stages and the inversely protruded fluid transfer tubes on each diaphragm. The unique structure of E-PFR can make gas hold-up space at the top part of each stage in the reactor. Also, E-PFR can contain relatively high MLSS concentration in lower stage by vertical up-flow of wastewater. This hydraulic flow can cause high buffering capacity against shock load from the wastewater in the reactor, resulting in stable pH (7.0~8.0), relatively higher wastewater treatment efficiency, and larger volume of bio-gas generation. In addition, relatively longer solid retention time (SRT) in the reactor can increase organic matter degradation and bio-gas production efficiency. These characteristics in the reactor can be regarded as "ideal" anaerobic wastewater treatment conditions. Anaerobic wastewater treatment plant design factor can be assessed for having 70 % of methane gas content, and better bio-gas yielding and stable treatment efficiency based on the results of this research. For example, inner circulation with generated bio-gas in the reactor and better mixing conditions by improving fluid transfer tube structure can be used for achieving better bio-gas yielding efficiency. This research results can be used for acquiring better improved regenerated energy system.

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Three-year Follow-up after Autogenous and Xenogenic Jaw Bone Grafts

  • Seo, Mi-Hyun;Kim, Soung-Min;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Lee, Jeong-Keun;Myoung, Hoon;Lee, Jong-Ho
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.209-214
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    • 2012
  • This case report assessed the three-year follow-up results after autogenous and xenogenic bone grafts of the jaw. Autogenous particulated bone with osteogenesis and osteoinductive properties and xenogenic Bio-Oss$^{(R)}$ (Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) graft materials with osteoconductive propertes were grafted into cystic cavities that remained after multiple cystic enucleation in the right upper posterior maxilla and the left lower posterior mandible. Six months later, increased radiopacity in the grafted area was seen. Three-year follow-up results with clinical and panoramic radiography after autogenous and xenogenic bony mixtures in jaw are reviewed and discussed.

Microspore Division and Plant Regeneration from Shed Pollen Culture in Rice

  • Kim, Hyun-Soon;Kang, Hyeon-Jung;Lee, Young-Tae;Lee, Seung-Yeob;Nam, Jeong-Kwon;Kim, Tae-Soo;Rha, Eui-Shik;Jin, Il-Doo
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.47 no.1
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    • pp.62-67
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    • 2002
  • An efficient system of rice microspore culture could contribute to the production of genetically modified rice. The microspores were isolated by mechanical or shed methods. The number of microspores per 100 anthers isolated at uninucleate stage was higher than (or similar to) those at binucleate stage in isolation method with pestle or spatular, but microspore divisions were not easily observed on both stages. On the other hand, pollen division in shed pollen culture was observed more frequently at uninuclear than at binuclear stage. Cold pretreatment at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 days resulted in the best multicellular division to produce microcalli at 12.5% efficiency in shed microspores. Heat shock at 33$^{\circ}C$ for one hour before or after pollen shedding enhanced cell division and callus formation. Out of twelve green regenerants, two were haploids and ten were diploids based on the chromosome analysis of root tips. The size of stoma was 12$^{m}$ m in haploids and 15 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diploids determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

ENGINEERING A BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER DEVICE

  • Park, Jae-Sung;Yarmush, Martin L.;Tilles, Arno W.
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.1419-1426
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    • 2008
  • Fulminant hepatic failure is a clinical syndrome associated with a high mortality rate. Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only clinically proven effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease who do not respond to medical management. A major limitation of this treatment modality is the scarcity of donor organs available, resulting in patients dying while waiting for a donor liver. An extracorporeal bioartificial liver (BAL) device containing viable hepatocytes has the potential to provide temporary hepatic support to liver failure patients, serving as a bridge to transplantation while awaiting a suitable donor. In some patients, providing temporary hepatic support may be sufficient to allow adequate regeneration of the host liver, thereby eliminating the need for a liver transplant. Although the BAL device is a promising technology for the treatment of liver failure, there are several technical challenges that must be overcome in order to develop systems with sufficient processing capacity and of manageable size. In this overview, the authors describe the critical issues involved in developing a BAL device. They also discuss their experiences in hepatocyte culture optimization within the context of a microchannel flat-plate BAL device.

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Neuroprotective Effects of Berberine in Neurodegeneration Model Rats Induced by Ibotenic Acid

  • Lim, Jung-Su;Kim, Hyo-Sup;Choi, Yoon-Seok;Kwon, Hyock-Man;Shin, Ki-Soon;Joung, In-Sil;Shin, Mi-Jung;Kim, Yun-Hee
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.203-209
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    • 2008
  • Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid found in Coptidis Rhizoma(goldenthread) extract, has multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-ischemic effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of berberine on neuronal survival and differentiation in a hippocampal precursor cell line and in the memory deficient rat model. Berberine increased in a dose dependent manner the survival of hippocampal precursor cells as well as differentiated cells. In addition, berberine promoted neuronal differentiation of hippocampal precursor cells. In the memory deficient rat model induced by stereotaxic injection of ibotenic acid into entorhinal cortex(Ibo model), hippocampal cells were increased about 2.7 fold in the pyramidal layer of CA1 region and about 2 fold in the dentate gyrus by administration of berberine after 2 weeks of ibotenic acid injection. Furthermore, neuronal cells immunoreactive to calbindin were increased in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex area by administration of berberine. Taken together, these results suggest that berberine has neuroprotective effect in the Ibo model rat brain by promoting the neuronal survival and differentiation.

Comparison of the biodegradability in the membranes for the guided bone regeneration: preliminary study

  • Lee, Chang-Hyeon;Kang, Yei-Jin;Jo, You-Young;Kweon, HaeYong;Kim, Seong-Gon
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.9-13
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    • 2019
  • In this study, 4 different types of GBR membrane were undergone for bio-degradability test; Silk mat from silkworm cocoon (TDI), silk mat from flatwise-spun (FS), collagen membrane (OssGuide), and dPTFE membrane (Cytoplast). Each material was segmented in 10.00 mm length and 0.3 mm thickness. The samples were put into the normal saline at $37^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks. After that, yield strength and tensile strain were measured and compared them with those of before treatment. The morphology of the membranes was observed by SEM. Tensile strain of FS was significantly increased at 2 weeks' normal saline treatment (P=0.018). When compared to OssGuide, TDI and FS showed significantly higher tensile strain at 2 weeks' normal saline treatment (P<0.05). In the SEM images, there were no significant changes in Cytoplast, TDI, and FS after 2 weeks' treatment. However, OssGuide showed damaged surface after 2 weeks' treatment. In conclusion, both TDI and FS did not have any evidence of biodegradability at 2 weeks' observation in normal saline treatment. However, OssGuide showed more than 20 % decrease in yield strength and tensile strain.

Seasonal variation of assimilable organic carbon and its impact to the biostability of drinking water

  • Choi, Yonkyu;Park, Hyeon;Lee, Manho;Lee, Gun-Soo;Choi, Young-june
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.501-512
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    • 2019
  • The seasonal effects on the biostability of drinking water were investigated by comparing the seasonal variation of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in full-scale water treatment process and adsorption of AOC by three filling materials in lab-scale column test. In full-scale, pre-chlorination and ozonation significantly increase $AOC_{P17\;(Pseudomonas\;fluorescens\;P17)}$ and $AOC_{NOX\;(Aquaspirillum\;sp.\;NOX)}$, respectively. AOC formation by oxidation could increase with temperature, but the increased AOC could affect the biostability of the following processes more significantly in winter than in warm seasons due to the low biodegradation in the pipes and the processes at low temperature. $AOC_{P17}$ was mainly removed by coagulation-sedimentation process, especially in cold season. Rapid filtration could effectively remove AOC only during warm seasons by primarily biodegradation, but biological activated carbon filtration could remove AOC in all seasons by biodegradation during warm season and by adsorption and bio-regeneration during cold season. The adsorption by granular activated carbon and anthracite showed inverse relationship with water temperature. The advanced treatment can contribute to enhance the biostability in the distribution system by reducing AOC formation potential and helping to maintain stable residual chlorine after post-chlorination.

Multiplexed targeting of microRNA in stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for regenerative medicine

  • Song, Byeong-Wook;Oh, Sekyung;Chang, Woochul
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.55 no.2
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    • pp.65-71
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    • 2022
  • Regenerative medicine is a research field that develops methods to restore damaged cell or tissue function by regeneration, repair or replacement. Stem cells are the raw material of the body that is ultimately used from the point of view of regenerative medicine, and stem cell therapy uses cells themselves or their derivatives to promote responses to diseases and dysfunctions, the ultimate goal of regenerative medicine. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as an attractive source because they can enrich exogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) by targeting pathological recipient cells for disease therapy and can overcome the obstacles faced by current cell therapy agents. However, there are some limitations that need to be addressed before using miRNA-enriched EVs derived from stem cells for multiplexed therapeutic targeting in many diseases. Here, we review various roles on miRNA-based stem cell EVs that can induce effective and stable functional improvement of stem cell-derived EVs. In addition, we introduce and review the implications of several miRNA-enriched EV therapies improved by multiplexed targeting in diseases involving the circulatory system and nervous system. This systemic review may offer potential roles for stem cell-derived therapeutics with multiplexed targeting.

The effects of Korean Red Ginseng on heme oxygenase-1 with a focus on mitochondrial function in pathophysiologic conditions

  • Chang-Hee Kim;Hahn Young Kim;Seung-Yeol Nah;Yoon Kyung Choi
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.47 no.5
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    • pp.615-621
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    • 2023
  • Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) plays a key role in heme oxygenase (HO)-1 induction under physical and moderate oxidative stress conditions. The transient and mild induction of HO-1 is beneficial for cell protection, mitochondrial function, regeneration, and intercellular communication. However, chronic HO-1 overexpression is detrimental in severely injured regions. Thus, in a chronic pathological state, diminishing HO-1-mediated ferroptosis is beneficial for a therapeutic approach. The molecular mechanisms by which KRG protects various cell types in the central nervous system have not yet been established, especially in terms of HO-1-mediated mitochondrial functions. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the multiple roles of KRG in the regulation of astrocytic HO-1 under pathophysiological conditions. More specifically, we discuss the role of the KRG-mediated astrocytic HO-1 pathway in regulating mitochondrial functions in acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases as well as physiological conditions.