• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2008

Five essential oils and 15 herbal extracts were evaluated to control Bursaphelenchus xylophillus in laboratory. The essential oils from clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum), mustard (Brassica integrefolia), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and Pelargonium inquinans were found to be highly promising and gave excellent control of the nematodes at all the time of exposure. Among them, the least one gave 91.3% mean mortality rate at 24 hours of exposure time, which is highly significant from the control. While in the second study, most of the methanol (Desmodium caudatum, Paulownia coreana, Auckulandia lappa, Sophota flavescens, Aloe sp., Rheum palmatum, Zingiber officinale, Magnolia officinalis, and Eugenia caryophyllata), hexane (Torreya nucifera, Pharbitis nil, Prunus mume, Melia azedarach, and Xanthium strumarium), and hot water (Cinnamomum cassia) herbal extracts killed the nematodes, but in varying degrees compared to the control. Only one extract was found to be promising viz Magnolia officinalis which found to be statistically different from the control and gave mean mortality of 72, 82.3, and 85.3 % for 24, 48, and 72 hours exposure, respectively. Further screening was conducted for M. officinalis with concentrations of 1,000, 100, and 10 ppm against the same species of nematode with the same time of exposure. However, it gave an excellent result for 1,000 ppm for all time of exposure, whereas for the 100 and 10 ppm it gave mean mortality of 39.5 and 25.8% for the time 72hrs, respectively that were statistically different from the control.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2017

The durability factors of concrete has been researched by many researchers. Among the chemical ingression by acid, alkali, or salt, specially the ingression by sulfate has been actively studied and reported. Generally, for the oil type chemical, it is reported to cause the excessive expansion of cement mortar and further to cause the collapse, while there was no enough research on influence of oil type, relationship with microstructure of mortar, and collapse pattern. Therefore, in this research, using the various oils from general market, the degradation properties of the mortar mixtures with various mix designs were evaluated. according to the experiment, Bio diesel damaged worst and the mix design with less cement content showed the worst damage against oils.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.241-250
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• 2011

The most part of vegetable oils is accumulated as storage lipid, triacylglycerol (TAG) in seed and used as energy source when seed is germinated. It is also used as essential fatty acids and energy source for human and animal. Recently, vegetable oils have been more and more an important resource because of the increasing demand of vegetable oils for cooking and industrial uses for bio-diesel and industrial feedstock. In order to increase vegetable oils using biotechnology, over-expressing or repressing the regulatory genes involved in the flow of carbon into lipid biosynthesis is critical during seed development. In this review, we described candidate genes may influence oil amount and investigate their potential for oil increase. Genes involved in the regulation from biosynthesis of fatty acids to the accumulation oils in seed can be classified as follows: First, genes play a role for synthesis precursor molecules for TAG. Second, genes participate in fatty acid biosynthesis and TAG assembly. Lastly, genes encodes transcription factors involved in seed maturation and accumulation of seed oil. Because factors/genes determining oil quantity in seed is complex as mentioned, recently regulation of transcription factors is being considered more favorable approach than manipulate multiple genes for increasing oil in transgenic plants. However, it should be figured out the problem that bad agricultural traits induced by the overexpression of transcription factor gene.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.232-240
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• 2012

Bio-diesel (BD) is the mono alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stocks like vegetable oils or animal fats. Bio-diesel shows poorer fuel properties than that of diesel fuel in a cold condition. For the diesel fuel, many cold flow improvers have been developed; however, since primary ingredients of bio-diesel are different from those of the diesel fuel, there is a limit to the cold flow improvement when the same cold flow improvers are added to bio diesel. In this study, to improve low temperature properties of bio-diesel, we developed a cold flow improver using an alkyl methacrylate monomer, prepared via ester reaction, and maleic anhydride and also conducted a ring opening reaction using amine. We characterized the products using $^1H-NMR$, FT-IR and GPC methods. In addition, the cold flow improvements of the products in Soybean BD and Palm BD in the concentration rage of 1000~10000 ppm were investigated. It was found that the addition of LMA2SMA6MA2-C8A in Soybean BD improved the pour point by $12.5\;^{\circ}C$.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.180-187
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• 2016

In the present work, bael shell (aegle marmelos) is used as the feedstock for pyrolysis, using a fixed bed reactor to investigate the characteristics of the pyrolysis oil. The product yields, e.g., liquid, char and gases are produced from the biomass at different temperatures with the particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, at the heating rate of $150^{\circ}C/min$. The maximum liquid yield, i.e., 36.23 wt.%, was found at $5500^{\circ}C$. Some physical properties of the pyrolysis oil such as calorific value, viscosity, density, pH, flash point and fire point are evaluated. The calorific value of the bael shell pyrolysis oil was 20.4 MJ/kg, which is slightly higher than the biomass, i.e., 18.24 MJ/kg. The H/C and O/C ratios of the bio-oil were found as 2.3 and 0.56 respectively, which are quite higher than some other bio-oils. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) analyses showed that the pyrolysis oil of bael shell is mostly composed by phenolic and acidic compounds. The results of the properties of the bael shell pyrolysis oil reveal the potential of the oil as an alternate fuel with the essential upgradation of some properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.1011-1017
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• 2010

Sunflower oil (SO), canola oil (CO) and frying oil (FO) were used as edible oils in this study. According to the frying number, the extracted oils from French fried potatoes were used as experimental samples. To investigate the relationship between the change of fatty acid composition and the stability of the lipid oxidation during frying, the changes of fatty acid composition and the degree of the lipid oxidation of samples were examined. Acid values and peroxide values were evaluated as the degree of lipid oxidation. The acid values of CO and FO were increased with the frying times. The increased acid values of CO and FO were 0.20 and 0.17 on the basis of initial value at 30 times, respectively, but the acid value of SO was lower than those of CO and FO. The peroxide values of the samples were not increased uniformly with the frying number. As the number of frying times was increased, the fatty acid composition of SO and FO were changed. Namely, the oleic acid composition was decreased, whereas the linoleic acid composition was increased with the number of frying times. The benzo(a)pyrene contents of the extracted oils from French fried potatoes did not change regularly as the frying times was increased.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.362-367
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• 2022

Hempseed, a dehulled Cannabis fructus, has high nutraceutical potential. It has plenty of essential amino acids, vitamins, and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, including α- and γ-linolenic acid. Increased exercise capacity, cognitive function, and ameliorative effects against hypercholesterolemia, neuro-inflammation, thrombus formation, and learning and memory impairment were reported in hemp-seed oil-administered models. Therefore, the market prices of hempseed oil are 45~140-fold higher than the other plant-derived oils, such as soy, corn, olive, canola, or linseed oil. In this study, instead of FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) or FTIR-Raman spectroscopy, a simple UV-Vis spectrophotometry method was developed to authenticate the hempseed oil. Measurements of absorbance at 245, 305, and 415 nm of oils and calculations of 245/415 and 315/415 nm provided that the ratios of 245/415 and 315/415 nm of authentic hempseed oils were 12.9 and 9.6, respectively. The 245/415 and 315/415 nm of soy oil, corn oil, canola oil, and linseed oil were 35.4~61.8 and 29.7~50.8, respectively. This simple UV-Vis spectrophotometry method could also be applied to differentiate hempseed oil from blended oil products in markets.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.548-551
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• 2014

In order to reduce toxicity on the human body, four new cleaning agents (1-4) containing ester and ether functionalities have been invented. The synthesized cleaning agents's physical properties, biodegradabilities, and $LD_{50}$ values, which were conducted by Korea Testing Certification Institute by using standard method, showed excellent values. A specimen for cleaning ability was prepared by cutting in $60{\times}40mm$ size of stainless steel plate. The surface of the above specimens was treated with four different kinds of contaminants, such as cutting oil, anti-rust oil, drawing oil, and lubricating oil. Contaminated specimens were then immersed in compounds (1-4) for 1 to 5 minutes to dissolve oil in the cleaning agent. The data indicate that all compounds (1-4) exhibit good cleaning ability toward four contaminant oils. It is also confirmed that these compounds can be applicable to various industrial cleaning fields as nontoxic and biodegradable cleaning agents because of their excellent biodegradabilities and $LD_{50}$ values.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2007

World energy demand has been dramatically increasing because of using much energy of developing countries in Asia. The other side, conventional fossil fuels supply has been gradually decreasing due to the limitation of fossil fuel reserves and changing to the use of environmental-friendly energy for prevention the emission of carbon dioxide, NOx and SOx. Based on these times and status, we get the n necessity of the conversion of environmental-friendly energy and the high effective utilization of conventional and unconventional energy. Recently, promised DME fuel as environmental-friendly and substituted oils will be introduced the status of technology and market in domestic and foreign.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.60.1-60.1
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• 2010

Chemically functionalized plant oils such as acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) and maleinized acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (MAESO) were used as new bio-based binders for $TiO_2$ electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). More porous networks and larger porosities were fabricated on the $TiO_2$ films using plant oil binders due to the larger number of functionalities, in comparison with the film using polyethylene glycol (PEG). The charge-transfer resistance in the $TiO_2$ films was considerably shrunk due to the reduced impurity states. The short circuit photocurrent (Isc) and the open circuit photovoltage (Voc) of the cell using plant oil binders increased and the conversion efficiency improved significantly.