• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.151-166
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• 2023

Yeast extract is a product prepared mainly from waste brewer's yeast, which is rich in nucleotides, proteins, amino acids, sugars and a variety of trace elements, and has the advantages of low production cost and abundant supply of raw material. Consequently, yeast extracts are widely used in various fields as animal feed additives, food flavoring agents and additives, cosmetic supplements, and microbial fermentation media; however, their full potential has not yet been realized. To improve understanding of current research knowledge, this review summarizes the ingredients, production technology, and applications of yeast extracts, and discusses the relationship between their properties and applications. Developmental trends and future prospects of yeast extract are also previewed, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the development and expansion of future applications.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

A bio-encapsuled media was developed to apply on reducing odors produced from organic waste treatment process. The microorganism, candida tropicalis, was encapsulated in sponge media consisted of polyurethane material. Sodium alginate as a natural polymer which does not affect to hydrophilic microbes and PEGDA(poly ethylene glycol diacrylate) as a artificial polymer were used for the encapsuled media. The media was evaluated with TMEDA (N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, 0.02~0.1%) as a catalyst at different temperature 25 and $35^{\circ}C$. The best performance was achieved with 0.02% of TMEDA at $25^{\circ}C$. The microbes' activity in the media was examined by Live/Dead cell method.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.945-949
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• 2006

For a membrane bio-reactor, it is possible to fillet and separate activated sludge and effluent by head loss of centimeters, if non-woven fabric material is used as titration media. However, if non-woven fabric material is used to thicken high-concentration sludge, excessive sludge attachment causes the rapid decrease of flux. Mesh with fore sizes of $100{\mu}m,\;150{\mu}m,\;and\;200{\mu}m$ allows for easy separation of attached sludge. This study examined the possibility of mesh as filtration media. Existing close-flow filtration process, which requires maintaining sludge movement, makes It difficult to obtain high thickening rate. With a view of complementing this weakness, this study has made an experimental examination on how high-concentration sludge (about 3,000mg/L to 10,000mg/L) will be filtered and thickened when mesh module is submersed in the bio-reactor. Effluent flowed from the bottom of the bio-reactor by head loss of 65cm. In case of pore size of $100{\mu}m$, SS showed high recovery of 80% to 96%; therefore, it has been decided that mesh can be used as filtration media. Filtration lasted for more than 9 hours, until sludge with 9,000mg/L in MLSS concentration was thickened 9 times as dense. In the range from 3,610mg/L to 9,060mg/L in MLSS concentration, it was possible to obtain effluent with less than 2mg/L in MLSS concentration within 10 minutes.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to observe a specific removal efficiency of synthethetic wastewater which is managed by upflow submerged type at porous media which was sinteringed on a comparative low temperature 600$\circ$C, was annexed slag and humus soil with main material kaolinite. Observing removal efficiency quality of each media, a mixed media of kaolinite and humus soil by gravity percent 60, 40% respectively showed the most excellent removal utility, and applied predictive models for suspended culture kinetics without consideration diffusion limitation, and when analyzed kinetic which had been processed by this study the removal efficiency accompanied by carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous volumetric loading rate variation standed for a comparative large change rate 61~71%, it means the selection of the most proper load factor had a great effect on the highly removal efficiency, yield coefficient(Y) and specific microbial attach equation showed 1.53 mgVSS/mgCOD, $m_p=10039.4\times ((S_0)/(6.75+S_0))$ repectively.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2005

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odor materials are major sources of air pollution in Ulsan city, where much chemical plants are located. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new reactor which can remove VOCs and odor materials effectively and be equipped at the end of pipe easily. A modified reactor (bioscrubber trickling filter, BSTF), which have both characteristics of biofilter and bioscrubber, was developed and tested on its reactivity with several VOCs using two types of media, fiber and activated carbon 4- ceramic(A/C). It was observed that the removal efficiencies of several types of VOCs such as acetaldehyde, ethylalcohol, butanol, diethylamine and triethylamine were up to $95\%$ when they had about 100 ppm of initial concentration and 80 seconds of residence time. Good attachment of microorganisms to both media, where it is thought the reaction efficiency can be determined according to the amount of microorganisms attachment, observed with scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Initial pressure drops of the packed bed with both media were 229 $mmH_2O/m$ at A/C column and 670 $mmH_2O/m$, respectively. However, maximum pressure drop of fiber column during the operation was over 1,647 $mmH_2O/m$. Therefore, it was thought that the fiber material would not suitable to use in the local plant as a packed bed media.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1341-1352
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• 2001

Vacuum freeze drying process by which frozen water in a drying material is removed sublimation under vacuum condition, is now applied to various industrial field such as the manufacturing and packaging of pharmaceuticals in pharmaceutical industry, the drying of bio- products in bio-technology industry, the treatment of various quality food stuff in food technology, and so on. The Knowledge about the heat and mass transfer characteristics related with the vacuum freeze drying process is crucial to improve the efficiency of the process as well as the quality of dried products. In spite of increasing needs for understanding of the process, the research efforts in this fields are still insufficient. In this paper, a numerical code that can predict primary drying in a vial is developed based on the finite volume method with a moving grid system. The calculation program can handle the axis- symmetric and multi-dimensional characteristics of heat and mass transfer of the vial freeze drying process. To demonstrated the usefulness of the present analysis, a practical freeze drying of skim Milk solution in a vial is simulated and various calculation results are presented.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2004

본 연구는 배지 구성물질로서 발포 유리질 소재(CGF)와 탄화 밤나무 목재입자(CCW)를 이용하여 배지를 재발하고 원예재배용 배지의 국산화를 위해 수행되었다. 토마토 종자는 발포 유리질 소재, 탄화 목재입자, 입상암면(GR), 그리고 피트모스를 혼합한 4종의 배지를 만들어 플러그 트레이에 충진하여 종자를 200구 플러그 트레이에 4반복으로 파종한 후 fog 번식상에서 3일간 발아시켰다. 발아 후 양지붕형 유리온실에 난괴법으로 배치하여 저면관수로 양액을 공급하여 육묘하였다. 상업적으로 이용되는 공정육묘 배지(토실이)를 대조구로 이용하였다. 플러그묘의 생육은 파종 후 31일째 측정하였다. 모든 처리에서 유사한 생육결과를 나타냈지만 특히 CCW(67%)+peatmoss(33%) 혼합배지에서 초장, 뿌리등급, 생체중, 그리고 배지의 기상과 가비중이 다른 처리에서보다 유의성 있게 좋았다. 모든 배지의 pH는 6.3∼7.4의 범위로 측정되었다. CGF와 입상암면의 혼합비율이 증가할수록 배지의 pH는 증가하였다. 재배 후 배지의 EC는 대조구에서 가장 높았으나 독성증상은 관찰되지 않았다. 엽수와 엽록소 함량은 처리간 유의성이 없었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2006

본 연구는 활엽수 대상 용기묘의 적정 상토를 개발하기 위해 상토의 원료 조성에 따른 노각나무, 찰피나무, 이팝나무 등 활엽수 용기묘의 생장 특성을 4개월간 시설온실에서 실시하였다. 사용된 상토중 코코피드나 피트모스 등이 상대적으로 많은 상토에서 노각나무, 찰피나무, 이팝나무 등 활엽수 용기묘의 수고생장과 근원경 생장이 높게 나타났으며 지상부와 지하부의 건물생산량 또한 뚜렷하게 증가한 경향을 보였다. 또한 생리적 특성에 있어서도 활엽수 용기묘의 광합성률이 상토내 코코피드와 피트모스가 많을수록 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 활엽수 용기묘의 생장에 대한 상토의 영향은 생장특성과 물질생산량 및 광합성과 같은 생리적 특성과 함께 관수 및 시비 체계도 지속적으로 연구해야 할 것이다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of Pre-symposium of the 10th ISWPC
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• pp.209-213
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• 1999

In the society of the 21\ulcorner century under multiphase media conditions, the rapidly glowing electronic media will replace the conventional paper media in a variety of areas. However, if human being still has an affinity for paper media and an instinct for hardcopy from electronic-based text or image, the new market will be created for the paper industry. To what extent the consumer choses paper media for output will depend upon the availability of functions of paper media appealing to human senses; i.e., "sensory functions of paper". As a whole, on-demand type personal as well as business communications will increase in the next century and this trend will lead certainly to a rapidly expanding "contents hardcopy market". The technological progress of the paper industry in the 21\ulcorner century depends upon the market needs for higher products quality and higher efficiency of manufacturing process as well as an endeavour to overcome constraints from forest resource, energy, and environmental issues. Under the conditions with above constraints, the paper media will be polarized into two categories; (1)paper for higher image reproduction capability for original image or text and (2)paper for lower reproduction but with higher appeals for human senses. To cope with these trends, psycho-physical analysis and a sensory engineering approach for developing new paper media is vitally required. Also newly emerged roles of paper physics in the multimedia age is pointed out associated with sensory functions of paper that are not well-understood so far.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2014

This study was conducted to know the behavior of pH behavior in the tomato juices to find out an effective medium for microbial cultivation. Bacterial culture media is a material consist a mixture of nutrients used to grow microorganisms on or in it. In addition, microbial culture media can also be used for isolation, propagation, testing the nature physiological, and calculation of the number of microorganisms. Fresh tomato juice is used for basic ingredient, therein added salt, sugar and EM (Effective Microbial). The fermented solution placed in a room with a temperature of 40oC. Data retrieval before the pH value reached a constant value is done every 12 hours, after constant rate data collection was done every 24 hours. The pH value has been steady after 372 hours of fermentation process (15.5 days). From the results obtained that the amount of additional ingredient which added into tomato juice does not affect final pH value of solution. Thereby the most effective treatment for microbial cultivation media is treatment number four.