• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1580-1586
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• 2009

This study is on the effect of oil seed by-products added to Chungkukjang. For this, we designed three cases: Chungkukjang was added in with defatted sesame flour before fermented (DSFBF), added with defatted sesame flour after fermented (DSFAF) and with no adding (control). In each case, the common ingredients and the active antioxidant ingredients were examined and compared and the effects were analyzed. According to microanalysis result, carbohydrate content Chungkukjang the DSFAF 24.97%, control 23.86%, DSFBF Chungkukjang 20.21% as compared to control and Chungkukjang DSFAF relatively low carbohydrate content. The moisture contents in DSFBF (55.98%) or DSFAF (52.83%) were higher than that in control (48.89%). Chungkukjang crude ashes in DSFBF (1.48%) or DSFAF (2.41%) were much lower than in control (6.45%). The proportions of crude lipid in DSFBF (3.30%) or DSFAF (3.93%) were higher than in control (1.77%) by about 2%. As for crude protein, the percentage in DSFAF (15.86%) was lower than that of DSFBF (19.03%) or of control (19.03%). There was no meaningful difference in biological activity measurement as total phenolic contents were 1.26 mg/mL in DSFBF, 1.14 mg/mL in DSFAF and 1.26 mg/mL in control. But electron donating ability was meaningfully more active in DSFBF (21.30%) than in control (20.24%). The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity in DSFBF (68.48%) was twice higher than in control (34.01%), which may imply that DSFBF contain some ingredients that can scavenge superoxide anion radically. In hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, DSFAF scores 96.87%, which is the highest with 96.40% in DSFBF and 95.73% in control. Relative antioxidative effects in DSFBF was 47.92%, which is comparable to 47.06% in control. As a result of extraction and quantitative HPLC analysis of sesamin and sesamolin extracted from the samples, DSFBF contained 3.04$\pm$0.21 mg/g of sesamin, which is meaningfully higher than 2.41$\pm$0.14 mg/g in DSFAF. Content of sesamolin was higher in DSFBF (1.36$\pm$0.09 mg/g) than DSFAF (1.12$\pm$0.07 mg/g) or in control. We can conclude that biologically active and effective ingredients could be found more in DSFBF than in DSFAF or in control. This study conveys not only the meaning that oil seed by-products can be used as an ingredient for making Chungkukjang functional food, but also the possibility that oil seed by-products themselves could become excellent functional food.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2018

This study set out to conduct a field survey with smart greenhouse-based farms in seven types to figure out the actual state of smart greenhouses distributed across the nation before selecting a system to implement an optimal greenhouse environment and doing a research on higher productivity based on data related to crop growth, development, and environment. The findings show that the farms were close to an intelligent or advanced smart farm, given the main purposes of leading cases across the smart farm types found in the field. As for the age of farmers, those who were in their forties and sixties accounted for the biggest percentage, but those who were in their fifties or younger ran 21 farms that accounted for approximately 70.0%. The biggest number of farmers had a cultivation career of ten years or less. As for the greenhouse type, the 1-2W type accounted for 50.0%, and the multispan type accounted for 80.0% at 24 farms. As for crops they cultivated, only three farms cultivated flowers with the remaining farms growing only fruit vegetables, of which the tomato and paprika accounted for approximately 63.6%. As for control systems, approximately 77.4% (24 farms) used a domestic control system. As for the control method of a control system, three farms regulated temperature and humidity only with a control panel with the remaining farms adopting a digital control method to combine a panel with a computer. There were total nine environmental factors to measure and control including temperature. While all the surveyed farms measured temperature, the number of farms installing a ventilation or air flow fan or measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide was relatively small. As for a heating system, 46.7% of the farms used an electric boiler. In addition, hot water boilers, heat pumps, and lamp oil boilers were used. As for investment into a control system, there was a difference in the investment scale among the farms from 10 million won to 100 million won. As for difficulties with greenhouse management, the farmers complained about difficulties with using a smart phone and digital control system due to their old age and the utter absence of education and materials about smart greenhouse management. Those difficulties were followed by high fees paid to a consultant and system malfunction in the order.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2018

This study set out to select a system to realize an optimal environment for strawberry cultivation greenhouses based on data about the growth and development of strawberry and its environment and to provide basic data for the research of its improved productivity. For these purposes, the investigator conducted a field survey with greenhouses for strawberry cultivation in western Gyeongnam. The findings show that farmers in their fifties and sixties accounted for the biggest part in the age groups of strawberry farmers. While those who were under 50 were accounted for approximately 67.5%, those who were 60 or older accounted for 32.5%. As for cultivation experiences, the majority of the farmers had ten years of cultivation experiences or less with some having 30 years of cultivation experiences or more. All the farmers built an arch type single span greenhouse. Those who used nutrient solutions were about 75.0%, being more than those who used soil. All of the farmers that used a nutrient solution adopted an elevated hydroponic system. The single span greenhouses were in the range of 7.5~8.5m, 1.3~1.8m and 2.5~3.5m for width, eaves, and ridge height, respectively, regardless of survey areas. The rafters interval was about 0.7~0.8m. In elevated hydroponic cultivation, the width, height, and interval of the beds were about 0.25m, 1.2m and 1.0m, respectively. As for the strawberry varieties, the domestic ones accounted for approximately 97.5% with Seolhyang being the most favorite one at about 65.0%. As for the internal environment factors of greenhouses, 38 farmers measured only temperature and relatively humidity. As for hydroponics, the farmers used a hydroponics control system. Except for the farmers that introduced a smart farm system for temperature and humidity control, approximately 85.0% controlled temperature and humidity only with a control panel for side windows and ventilation fans. As for heating and heat insulation, all of the farmers were using water curtains with many farmers using an oil or electric boiler, radiating lamp or non-woven fabric, as well, when necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.491-498
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• 2009

We studied to develop high-efficiency removal system of odor and VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds) from environmental infrastructure facilities and oil refineries, painting facilities and so on. It can replace RTO and RCO. We tried an removal experiment for VOCs (toluene, xylene, benzene, MEK(methyl ethyl ketone), ethanol, formalin etc. and odor compounds (hydrogen sulfide, etc.). In process, as pre-treatment we used the scrubber with vortex flow (Multi-scrone) to remove the hydrophilic VOCs and as post-treatment, used fibrous bio-filter to remove the hydrophobic VOCs. This hybrid system remove with high efficiency both the hydrophilic VOCs and hydrophobic VOCs. And we tried to make this system to be compact. In experiment using Multi-scrone, contact time is 2~3 seconds and absorption scrubbing water is diaphragm-type electrolysis water. hydrophilic VOCs like ethanol and relatively hydrophilic odor compounds like hydrogen sulfide is excellent, these substances has been removed almost completely, respectively 95~99%, 93~97%. And for MEK, formalin also Showed a high removal efficiency, respectively 78~90%, 72~85%. But in experiment using Multi-scrone, the hydrophobic VOCs like BTX showed a low removal efficiency, respectively 16~22%, 12~18%, 8~16%. In hydrophobic VOCs, toluene removal experiment using fibrous bio-filter, early efficiency was low but after 10days, adaptation period showed high efficiency 85~95%. but in the mixed phase, toluene and MEK efficiency reduced 5~10%. this show microorganism treat first MEK easy to remove. The removal efficiency for MEK using the fibrous biofilter was stable, 80~92%. This hybrid system is also high economical efficiency for RTO. This system reduce more than 50% the cost of equipment and maintenance. As a result, we expect this technology is in the limelight as high efficiency treatment of VOCs in mid-low price.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

In the present study, the phenolic compound level, antioxidant activity, and inhibition of lipid accumulation in Aspergillus oryzae-fermented water extracts of the Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) root and the Curcuma longa (CL) root were determined. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were decreased after fermentation. However, the flavonoid content of the fermented PG (FPG) was increased by 2.9-fold that of the PG before fermentation. In addition, the antioxidant activities were significantly decreased following fermentation. The potential anti-obesity activity was assessed by determining lipid accumulation and mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) in 3T3-L1 cells. Aspergillus-fermented extracts of PG and CL roots decreased lipid accumulation, and mRNA expression of SREBP-1c and $PPAR{\gamma}$ in 3T3-L1 cells. These results indicate that Aspergillus fermentation augments the anti-obesity activity of PG and CL by regulating the expression of the genes involved in lipid accumulation and cell differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.330-338
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• 2015

The influences of fluorescence, scattering, and flocculation in turbid material by light scattering of N-propyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine, fluorescence agent and absorption agent were interpreted for the scattered fluorescence intensity and wavelength. They have been studied the molecular properties by the spectroscopy of laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and flocculation. The effects of optical properties in scattering media have been found by the optical parameters(${\mu}_s$, ${\mu}_a$, ${\mu}_t$). Flocculation is an important step in many solid-liquid separation processes and is widely used. When two particles approach each other, interactions of several colloid particles can come into play which may have major effect on the flocculation and LIF process. The values of scattering coefficient ${\mu}_s$ are large by means of the increasing scattering of scatterer, The values have been found that the slope decays exponentially as a function of concentration from laser source to detector by our experimental result. It may also aid in designing the best model for oil chemistry, bio-pharmaceutical, laser medicine and application of medical engineering on LIF and coagulation in particle transport mode.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1264-1269
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• 2015

To evaluate the functional effect of ornithine produced by isolated lactic acid bacteria, we examined the anti-lipid accumulation effect of ornithine produced by isolate lactic acid bacteria on 3T3-L1 cells. Lactic acid bacteria (Pediococcus strain) were isolated from nuruk, which is made from wheat, rice, and barley (whole grain, grits, or flour) by fermenting microorganisms (Aspergillus, Rhizopus, and yeasts). Pediococcus strain was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing analyses, and cells were collected by centrifugation and developed as an ornithine starter. makgeolli, an ornithine-containing Korean traditional alcoholic beverage, was made with isolated lactic acid bacteria and arginine. makgeolli was made with the help of ornithine starter using a makgeolli making kit. We evaluated the anti-proliferation effect of ornithine makgeolli on 3T3-L1 cells. To determine the anti-proliferation effect of ornithine makgeolli on preadipocytes, lipid droplets were quantified and stained with Oil Red O. makgeolli made with ornithine starter and arginine showed a 3-fold higher concentration of ornithine compared to makgeolli without starter and arginine. In the results of 3T3-L1 cell line experiment, lipid accumulation was significantly reduced by adding 0.05 mg/mL of ornithine makgeolli compare to the control (adipocyte without sample). In conclusion, ornithine makgeolli containing ornithine starter isolated from nuruk showed an anti-lipid accumulation effect with increased ornithine content without toxicity.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.385-391
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• 2011

Human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program is a general procedure for infertile couples since first successful delivery on 1978 in UK and Korean first on 1985. Recently in Korea, more than 42,000 cases per year of IVF-ET were performed and showed good pregnancy rates compared worldwide data. The human IVF-ET procedure use many consumables, such as ovum pick-up (OPU) needles, centrifuge tubes, culture dish, ICSI pipette, culture media and ET catheters. Major of these materials are supported by the global companies. Thus, Korean IVF-ET program might be placed unstable situation by global economical risks. These uncertain problems could be overcome by the domestic production of IVF-ET materials and consumables. Two times questionnaires for Korean clinicians and researchers about the domestic production were performed and analyzed. Many of them requested domestic OPU needles, ET catheters, culture media and ICSI pipettes under good quality control and quality assurance system. This trial may be contributed to industrialization and to global competence of Korean IVF-ET program. The results of this survey can be provide a fundamental base for development and production of domestic materials and consumables for human IVF-ET program.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2013

Methoxychlor (MXC) was developed to be a replacement for the banned pesticide DDT. HPTE [2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane], which is an in vivo metabolite of MXC, has strong oestrogenic and anti-androgenic effects. MXC and HPTE are thought to produce potentially adverse effects by acting through oestrogen and androgen receptors. Of the two, HPTE binds to sex-steroid receptors with greater affinity, and it inhibits testosterone biosynthesis in Leydig cells by inhibiting cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme activity and cholesterol utilisation. In a previous study, MXC was shown to induce Leydig cell apoptosis by decreasing testosterone concentrations. I focused on the effects of MXC on male mice that resulted from interactions with sex-steroid hormone receptors. Sex-steroid hormones affect other organs including the kidney and liver. Accordingly, I hypothesised that MXC can act through sex-steroid receptors to produce adverse effects on the testis, kidney and liver, and I designed our experiments to confirm the different effects of MXC exposure on the male reproductive system, kidney and liver. In these experiments, I used pre-pubescent ICR mice; the puberty period in ICR mice is from postnatal day (PND) 45 to PND60. I treated the experimental group with 0, 100, 200, 400 mg MXC/kg b.w. delivered by an intra-peritoneal injection with sesame oil used as vehicle for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed under anaesthesia. The testes and accessory reproductive organs were collected, weighed and prepared for histological investigation. I performed a chemiluminescence immune assay to observe the serum levels of testosterone, LH and FSH. Blood biochemical determination was also performed to check for other effects. There were no significant differences in our histological observations or relative organ weights. Serum testosterone levels were decreased in a dose-dependent manner; a greater dose resulted in the production of less testosterone. Compared to the control group, testosterone concentrations differed in the 200 and 400 mg/kg dosage groups. In conclusion, I observed markedly negative effects of MXC exposure on testosterone concentrations in pre-pubescent male mice. From our biochemical determinations, I observed some changes that indicate renal and hepatic failure. Together, these data suggest that MXC produces adverse effects on the reproductive system, kidney and liver.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of frying number on oxidative changes in edible oils and fried foods. According to the frying number, the extracted edible oils from pork cutlet and fried potato were used as experimental samples. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) regulations permit edible oils to have <2.5 mg KOH/g of acid value and <50 meq/kg of peroxide value in food. However, there are no regulations for edible oils used to fry livestock. Animal foods contain protein and fat, and should be held to a different standard than ordinary food. Therefore, we present basic information and suggest the establishment of regulations for livestock frying oil and fried livestock.