• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 2007

Fruits and vegetable extracts are well-known as healthy foods. Such foods have been used as herbal medicines or traditional therapies for centuries. To assess biological activities in grapes, we examined the immunomodulating activities of water extracts from four kinds of grapes (cultivars Kyoho, Delaware, Campbell, and Niagara). We explored possible antioxidant and anticancer activities using antioxidant assays such as the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reduction assay, the ferric iron reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay, a cell proliferation assay, an NO inhibition assay, a wound healing assay, and an IL-4/IL-13 elicitation assay. Methanol extracts of grapes were tested. The results showed that each grape extract had potent antioxidant activities. The grape extracts increased cell proliferation and NO production activities in tumor cell lines. IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine levels were decreased in mouse primary spleen cells by treatment with any extract. These results suggest that grape extracts can be used as biomaterials with immunomodulating activities.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.642-651
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of different roughages in total mixed ration (TMR) inoculated with or without coculture of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population. Methods: Three TMRs formulations composed of different forages were used and each TMR was grouped into two treatments: non-fermented TMR and fermented TMR (F-TMR) (inoculated with coculture of L. acidophilus and B. subtilis). After fermentation, the fermentation, chemical and microbial profile of the TMRs were determined. The treatments were used for in vitro rumen fermentation to determine total gas production, pH, ammonianitrogen (NH3-N), and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Microbial populations were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All data were analyzed as a 3×2 factorial arrangement design using the MIXED procedure of Statistical Analysis Systems. Results: Changes in the fermentation (pH, lactate, acetate, propionate, and NH3-N) and chemical composition (moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, and ash) were observed. For in vitro rumen fermentation, lower rumen pH, higher acetate, propionate, and total VFA content were observed in the F-TMR group after 24 h incubation (p<0.05). F-TMR group had higher acetate concentration compared with the non-fermented group. Total VFA was highest (p<0.05) in F-TMR containing combined forage of domestic and imported source (F-CF) and F-TMR containing Italian ryegrass silage and corn silage (F-IRS-CS) than that of TMR diet containing oat, timothy, and alfalfa hay. The microbial population was not affected by the different TMR diets. Conclusion: The use of Italian ryegrass silage and corn silage, as well as the inoculation of coculture of L. acidophilus and B. subtilis, in the TMR caused changes in the pH, lactate and acetate concentrations, and chemical composition of experimental diets. In addition, F-TMR composed with Italian ryegrass silage and corn silage altered ruminal pH and VFA concentrations during in vitro rumen fermentation experiment.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.73-76
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• 2007

A large number of natural products were worldwidely discovered from maine organisms. There are many secondary metabolites produced by maine organisms which showed very strong bio-activities and distinct bio-active mechanisms. In korea, about 350 secondary metabolites including more than 280 novel compounds have been isolated and structually defined. Many researches for developing products such as cosmetics, functional food materials, anti-fouling substances are being performed using distinct activities of marine organisms. Although the research on marine natural products has been remained at its initial or developing stage of drug development, significant progress has been made for isolation, structure determination and bioassay of secondary metabolites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.6_1
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• pp.897-906
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• 2020

This research focuses on the physicochemical characteristic of fermentation of Aloe Saponaria. The fermentation process applied in this study had 2 variation, depends on the aloe part as the materials (bottom, middle, and tip) and the initial sugar content (24% and 0%) used. Tests are conducted using uinkin fermented powder, sugar, salt, and distilled water as fermenting agent. The results indicate that change in physicochemical properties of aloe's skin was larger than in aloe's gel as fermentation materials. In contrast, there was no significant change in aloe's leaf during the process. A lso, aloes with intial sugar condition of 24% show better results than which without sugar addition in fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2011

Syndecan-4 is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, which is a coreceptor with integrins in cell adhesion. To get better understand the mechanism and function of Syndecan-4, it is critical to elucidate the three-dimensional structure of a single transmembrane spanning region of them. Unfortunately, it is hard to prepare the peptide because syndecan-4 is membrane-bound protein that transverse the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. Generally, the preparation of transmembrane peptide sample is seriously difficult and time-consuming. In fact, high yield production of transmembrane peptides has been limited by experimental adversities of insufficient yields and low solubility of peptide. Here, we demonstrate experimental processes and results to optimize expression, purification, and NMR measurement condition of Syndecan-4 transmembrane peptide.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.58-62
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• 2014

Human transmembrane proteins (hTMPs) are closely related to transport, channel formation, signaling, cell to cell interaction, so they are the crucial target of modern medicinal drugs. In order to study the structure and function of these hTMPs, it is important to prepare reasonable amounts of proteins. However, their preparation is seriously difficult and time-consuming due to insufficient yields and low solubility of hTMPs. We tried to produce large amounts of Syndecan-4 transmembrane domain (Syd4-TM) that is related to the healing wounds and tumor for a long time. In this study, we performed the structure determination of Syd4-TM combining the Polarity Index at Slanted Angle (PISA) wheel pattern analysis based on $^{15}N-^1H$ 2D SAMPI-4 solid-state NMR of expressed Syd4-TM and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation using Discovery Studio 3.1.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.88-104
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• 2010

Human melanocortin-4 receptor (hMC4R) has a critical role in part of energy homeostasis, and their heterozygous mutations related in genetic cause of severe human obesity. In order to study the structure and function of these membrane proteins, it is important to prepare the samples. However, the preparation of transmembrane peptide is seriously difficult and time-consuming. Overexpression and purification of membrane proteins was reported to be difficult due to their innate insoluble and toxic properties. Among the many difficulties, the most important is the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities of purified protein. Recently, we succeed to produce large amounts of the second transmembrane domain from the wild-type hMC4R (wt-TM2) and D90N mutant hMC4R (m-TM2) and proposed the structural difference of them in membrane-like environments. In this paper, we demonstrate the optimization procedures to express and purify wt-TM2 or m-TM2 peptides, and solution NMR studies in different detergents to get high-resolution spectra were also described.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.3577-3585
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• 2013

Syndecan-4 (heparan sulfate proteoglycan), biologically important in cell-to-cell interactions and tumor suppression, was studied through mutation of the GXXXG motif of its transmembrane domain (Syd4-TM), a motif which governs dimerization. The expression and purification of the mutant (mSyd4-TM) were optimized here to assess the function of the GXXXG motif in the dimerization of Syd4-TM. mSyd4-TM was obtained in M9 minimal media and its oligomerization was identified by SDS PAGE, Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The mutant, unlike Syd4-TM, did not form dimers and was observed as monomers. The GXXXG motif of Syd-4TM was shown to be an important structural determinant of its dimerization.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.2345-2350
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• 2011

Variable temperature high-resolution $^{19}F$ magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize fluorocarbon (FKM) rubbers. The high-resolution spectra of copolymers made from two monomers, vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene, and terpolymers composed of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropene, and tetrafluoroethylene, were obtained using MAS speeds of up to 18 kHz combined with high temperatures of up to 200 $^{\circ}C$ at a magnetic field strength of 9.4 Tesla. From these high resolution solid-state NMR spectra, we were able to assign the spectral peaks and differentiate the copolymer FKM from the terpolymer FKM. We also determined quantitatively the monomer compositions of each FKM rubber.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-52
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• 2017

Bio-fusion and medical device industry is the multidisciplinary engineering application technology industries, which are fused, such as electricity, electronics, machinery, materials. It aims to improve the quality of human life by using bio-fusion and medical devices, and is an important industry recognition and brand power for the product. However, there is a period that is required from the development of products with technology-dependent industries. Therefore, it is necessary to have continuous effort for industrial investment in research and development at the national level including technical support, institutional support, and human resources.