• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.61-74
• /
• 1998

Some photopolymer, poly(vinyl cinnamoyl acetate)(PVCiA) was synthesized by esterification of polymer(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) with monochloroacetic acid, followed by reaction poly(vinyl monochloroacetate)(PVAhA) and potassium cinnamate. When esterification of PVA with monochloroacetic acid was reacted in the dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), in the synthesis of PVChA, it is very good yield and the successive cinnamoyl acetoxyl esterification of PVCiA can be successfully synthesized. But PVCiA is low photosensitive polymer if net added photosensitizing dyes. Here, we synthesized photosensitizing dyes.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1991.10a
• /
• pp.1-3
• /
• 1991

A novel membrane separation process for the separation of liquid mixture is Pervaporation. The term, 'pervaporation', is a combination of permeation and evaporation, and was first introduced by kober[1] in 1917. In this technique, the liquid mixture in feed is in contact with one side of a dense non-porous membrane and after diffusing through the membrane is removed from the downstream side in the vapor phase, but is usually condensed afterwards to obtain a permeate in liquid from.

• International Journal of Safety
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 2009

The flash point is the most widely used flammability property for the evaluation of the flammability hazard of combustible liquid mixtures. In this paper, the reported flash points for the the binary systems, ethylbenzene+n-butanol and ethylbenzene+n-hexanol were correlated by the optimization method. The optimization method based on the van Laar and Wilson equations were compared with the Raoult's law. The calculated values based on the optimization method were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.58 no.3
• /
• pp.498-498
• /
• 2020

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate breakthrough characteristics of respirator cartridge using multi-organic vapors, including carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, and toluene. The organic vapors were used as single phase, binary system, and ternary system. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Organic vapors studied were 1,000 ppm, 750 ppm, 500 ppm and 250 ppm in single phase. Carbon tetrachloride having the highest molecular weight showed the breakthrough first, and breakthrough sequency by organic vapor was dependent on its molecular weight. The 10% breakthrough times at 1,000 ppm of organic vapor were 97 minutes for carbon tetrachloride, 129 minutes for trichloroethylene and 135 minutes for toluene. 2. When concentrations of organic vapors were at levels of the Threshold Limit Values, the lives of the respirator cartridges were 122 hours in carbon tetrachloride, 18 hours in trichloroethylene and 28 hours in toluene. 3. In the binary system at a total concentration of 1,000 ppm with carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene, breakthrough times ranged from 104 minutes to 125 minutes, which were longer than 97 minutes in a single phase (1,000 ppm) for carbon tetrachloride, but shorter than breakthrough times for TCE and Toluene. 4. Breakthrough times in the binary system with carbon tetrachloride and toluene were 131~132 minutes. 5. Breakthrough times in the ternary system with carbon tetrachloride, toluene, and trichloroethyl ene were $120{\pm}8$ minutes, which were longer than 97 minutes in the single phase (1,000 ppm) for carbon tetrachloride, equal to 129 minutes for trichloroethylene, and shorter than 135 minutes for toluene. Those were almost similar to $124{\pm}9$ minutes of breakthrough times in the binary systems.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.446-451
• /
• 2001

The interaction of cytochrome c with binary phospholipid mixtures was investigated by solid-state $^2H$- and $^{31}P$-NMR. To examine the effect of the interaction on the glycerol backbones, the glycerol moieties of phosphatidylcholine (PC), and cardioliph (CL) were specifically deuterated. On the binding of cytochrome c to the binary mixed bilayers, no changes in the quadrupole splittings of each of the components were observed for the PC/PG, PE/CL and PE/PG liposomes. In contrast, the splittings of CL decreased on binging of protein to the PC/CL liposomes, although those of PC did not change at all. This showed that cytochrome c specifically interacts with CL in PC/CL bilayers, and penetrates into the lipid bilayer to some extent so as to perturb the dynamic structure of the glycerol backbone. This is distinctly different from the mode of interaction of cytochrome c with other binary mixed bilayers. In the $^{31}P$-NMR spectra, line broadening and a decrease of the chemical shift anisotropy were observed on the binding of cytochrome c for all binary mixed bilayers that were examined. These changes were more significant for the PC/CL bilayers. Furthermore, the line broadening is more significant for PC than for CL in PC/CL bilayers. Therefore, it can be concluded that with the polar head groups, not only CL but also PC are involved in the interaction with cytochrome c.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2020

For the design of the prevention and mitigation measures in process industries involving flammable substances, reliable safety data are required. An important property used to estimate the risk of fire and explosion for a flammable liquid is the flash point. Flammability is an important factor to consider when developing safe methods for storing and handling solids and liquids. In this study, the flash point data were measured for the binary systems {2-butanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane}, {2-butanol + methylcyclohexane} and {2-butanol + toluene} at 101.3 kPa. Experiments were performed according to the standard test method (ASTM D 3278) using a Stanhope-Seta closed cup flash point tester. A minimum flash point behavior was observed in the binary systems as in the many cases for the hydrocarbon and alcohol mixture that were observed. The measured flash points were compared with the predicted values calculated via the following activity coefficient (GE) models: Wilson, Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL), and UNIversal QUAsiChemical (UNIQUAC) models. The predicted data were only adequate for the data determined by the closed-cup test method and may not be appropriate for the data obtained from the open-cup test method because of its deviation from the vapor liquid equilibrium. The predicted results of this work can be used to design safe petrochemical processes, such as the identification of safe storage conditions for non-ideal solutions containing flammable components.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.444-451
• /
• 1980

In order to further elucidate the process of electron solvation in liquids, the medium effect, as the difference between the free energy of $H^+$ in aqueous and non-aqueous states (${\Delta}{\Delta}G_0$), of THF-water mixtures has been investigated. (${\Delta}{\Delta}G_0$) were determined by electromotive force masurements of the cell Pt$H_2Q$, Q, HCI, THF, $H_2O$|KC1 | $Hg_2Cl_2$|Hg(Pt), where $H_2Q$ and Q are hydroquinone and quinone respectively. The effect of dielectric constant on the difference of free energy and the absorption energy of solvated electrons have been studied. For the consideration of these effect the polymerization of water in THF has been studied. Near infrared spectrum of O-H stetching energy has been used to measure the extent of water aggregates. The expermental results indicate that at least in some composition of binary mixtures the electrons or other ions are solvated preferentially with one component of solvents.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.246-250
• /
• 2004

We have classified a number of aqueous ternary systems containing two different polymers into three types by focusing on the deviation of the Huggins constant k'from the additivity line. Systems of type I have negative deviations of k'; the repulsive interaction between the two different polymers dominates. In systems of type II, k' almost follows the additivity relation; the repulsive and attractive interactions between the two different polymers are balancing. Type III systems have positive deviations of k'; the attractive interactions are relatively dominant. This classification of systems is supported by the fact that the positive and negative deviations of k' from the additivity line also correspond to the sign of interaction parameter between polymer 2 and 3, Δb$\_$23/. Furthermore, we have verified the relatively high compatibility between dextran and poly(vinyl alcohol) by determining the binodal concentration of a liquid-liquid phase separation for a water/dextran/poly(vinyl alcohol) system, which is classified as type III. Thus, we found that the compositional dependence of k' closely relates to the compatibility of binary polymer mixtures in aqueous ternary systems.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 1996

The entrapping capacity of the single hydrocarbons and the entrapping equilibrium data for binary mixtures of the $C_6$ to $C_9$ hydrocarbons on the activated thiourea have been investigated. The entrapping capacity of single component varied irregularly with molecular size and was independent of temperature. In the liquid phase entrapping from binary system, the lower molecular weight hydrocarbon was entrappe preferentially. In the liquid phase entrapping from trimethylbenzene isomer and ethyltoluene isomer, selectivity was found to be related to the relative position of methyl groups in the molecules and hence the electronic configuration. Pseudocumene of a purity of 99.5wt% may be obtained from $C_9$ aromatic raffinate found in naphtha cracking center. Activated thiourea was more efficient than distillation, extractive crystallization and adductive crystallization in terms of separation factor.