• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.143-179
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• 1989

To observe the bonding behavior of palladium-based alloys to porcelain; 1. Pd-Co binary alloy with the higher cobalt content, 2. Pd-Co binary alloy with the lower cobalt content, 3. Pd-Ag-Sn ternary alloy, 4. Pd-Ag binary alloy, 5. Pd-Cu-Au ternary alloy and 6. Pd-Cu binary alloy were made as 6 groups of experimental alloys. Each group of alloy was divided into 4 sub-groups such as one sub-group that was not degassed and three sub-groups that degassed for 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes. On each specimen, weight changes after degassing, morphological changes of oxide layer by changing the degassing time, compositional changes at metal-ceramic interface and bond strength of metal-ceramic measured with planar shear test were observed and compared. The results of the present study allow the following conclusions to be drawn: 1. The alloy showing the greatest bond strength was Pd-Cu alloy without gold and bond strength was decreased by alloying gold to them. 2. Although Pd-Co alloy showed the most prominent oxidation behavior, bond strength of them to porcelain was not greatly high by the formation of porosities at metal-ceramic interfaces. 3. Likewise tin, cobalt formed the peaks on line profiles at metal-ceramic interface, however copper did not exhibit such peaks on line profiles. 4. Mainly, oxide layer on Pd-Co alloy was composed with cobalt, and for Pd-Co alloy with higher cobalt content the rise of bond strength was not significant by increased degassing time. 5. On Pd-Ag alloy not containing tin, during degassing for 15 minutes silver content was increased at metal-ceramic interface. 6. As an oxidized element, tin formed the oxide layers that widen their area by increasing the degassing time, while cobalt and copper showed the morphological changes of particle or crystal on oxide layer.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 1992

A study of the precipitation process of Al-Li binary alloy at low ageing temperature has been carried by electrical resistivity measurement. Two types of G.P.zones were formed during ageing at low temperature. G.P. (1) zone and G.P. (2) zone have been formed primarily at ageing temperature below $60^{\circ}C$ and at ageing temperature range of $80^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$, respectively. Therefore the precipitation process of Al-Li binary alloy was as follows; G.P.(1) zone ${\rightarrow}$ G.P.(2) zone ${\rightarrow}{\delta}^{\prime}{\rightarrow}{\delta}$ G.P. (1) zone might be affected by excess vacancies, but G.P. (2) zone might be affected by secondary defects. clusters and Li-vacancy pairs. The activation energy for formation of G.P. (2) zone is 0.87eV. It is lower than that of Al-Cu alloy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2008

In this study, electrochemical impedance characteristics of anodic oxide layer formed on titanium binary alloy surface have been investigated. Titanium oxide layers were grown on Ti-$_XTa$ and Ti-$_XNb$(X=10, 20, 30 and 40 wt%) alloy substrates using phosphoric acid electrolytes.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2012

The microstructure and tensile properties of Al-Mn/Al-Si hybrid aluminum alloys prepared by electromagnetic duocasting were investigated. Only the Al-Mn alloy showed the typical cast microstructure of columnar and equiaxed crystals. The primary dendrites and eutectic structure were clearly observed in the Al-Si alloy. There existed a macro-interface of Al-Mn/Al-Si alloys in the hybrid aluminum alloys. The macro-interface was well bonded, and the growth of primary dendrites in Al-Si alloy occurred from the macro-interface. The Al-Mn/Al-Si hybrid aluminum alloys with a well-bonded macro-interface showed excellent tensile strength and 0.2% proof stress, both of which are comparable to those values for binary Al-Mn alloy, indicating that the strength is preferentially dominated by the deformation of the Al-Mn alloy side. However, the degree of elongation was between that of binary Al-Mn and Al-Si alloys. The Al-Mn/Al-Si hybrid aluminum alloys were fractured on the Al-Mn alloy side. This was considered to have resulted from the limited deformation in the Al-Mn alloy side, which led to relatively low elongation compared to the binary Al-Mn alloy.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2013

In the present paper, we review recycling and applications of titanium binary alloy scraps. The recycling techniques are to successfully prepare low oxygen content ingots using hydrogen plasma arc melting (HPAM) and to produce low oxygen content titanium alloy powders by Hydrogenation-dehydrogenation (HDH) and Deoxidation in solid state (DOSS) process. In addition, as applications of the titanium binary alloy scraps, Ti based solid-solution carbide powders, which would be used for producing Ti based solid-solution cermets with high toughness, were prepared using the titanium binary alloy scraps. These results confirmed that the titanium alloy scraps could be recycled and refined using the HPAM. The resulting oxygen content of the titanium alloy powders were below 1,000 ppm after powderizing. Finally, we had confirmed that the refined titanium alloy powders were able to be utilized as raw materials for preparing the toughened cermets.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.14-20
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• 2006

In recent year, as the robot technology is developed, the researches on the artificial muscle actuator that enables robot to move dexterously like biological organ become active. Actuators are key technologies underpinning robotics. Breakthroughs in actuator technology, particular in terms of power-to-weight ratio, or energy-density, will have significant impacts upon the design and control of robotic system. In this paper, a new approach to design and control of shape memory alloy(SMA) actuator is presented to drive the robot hand. SMA wire is divided into many segments and their thermal states of the SMA are controlled individually in a binary manner. This control manner will reduce the hysteresis that the SMA material has and it becomes the fundamental technology to develop the anthropomorphic robot hand. In this paper, the mechanism In the digital step motor of the shape memory alloy that is driven by the segmented binary control, which is a new control technique, is studied. This SMA digital step actuator applies for the robot hand and the driving mechanism of the robot hand is investigated.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2000

Effects of the microstrucrure of rapidy solidified Al-Pb-Cu-Mg alloys on the wear investigated. In order to overcome the miscility gap between Al and pb under equilibrium conditions, both in the solid and the liquid states, the alloy were rapidy solidifies to produce them in a segregation-free condition. Although the Pb particles showed relatively fine dispersion in the Al matrix in all the alloys by this process. the Al-16Pb alloy was found to have the most favorable microstructure with discretre with discrete Pb particles of abount 0.5 ${\mu}$m in size. With the addition of Cu and Cu-Mg to Al-16Pb, cellular structures were newly formed; not seen in the binary Al-Pb alloy. Wear properties of the Al-Pb binary alloys measured as a function of the sliding speen, sliding distance, and applied load showed that the Al-16Pb alloy has the best wear resistance, as expected from the fine microstructural features in this alloy. The were resistance of the alloy containing Cu-and Cu-Mg was higher than that of the Al-16Pvb alloy, due to matrix strengthening by precipitation hardeing. The wear mechanism was identified by examining the traces and wear debris.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1232-1235
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• 2005

In recent years, as the robot technology is developed the researches on the artificial muscle actuator that enable robot to move dextrously like biological organ become active. The widely used materials for artificial muscle are the shape memory alloy and the electroactive polymer. These actuators have the higher energy density than the electromechanical actuator such as motor. However, there are some drawbacks for actuator. SMA has the hysterical dynamic characteristics. In this paper the segmented binary control for reducing the hysteresis of SMA is proposed and the simulation of anthropomorphic robotic hand is performed using ADAMS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.144-149
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• 2005

In recent years, as the robot technology is developed the researches on the artificial muscle actuator that enable robot to move dextrously like biological organ become active. The widely used materials for artificial muscle are the shape memory alloy and the electroactive polymer. These actuators have the higher energy density than the electromechanical actuator such as motor. However, there are some drawbacks for actuator. SMA has the hysterical dynamic characteristics. In this paper the segmented binary control for reducing the hysteresis of SMA is proposed and the simulation of anthropomorphic robotic hand is performed using ADAMS.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2012

The effect of Al addition on the precipitation behavior of a binary Mg-Zn alloy was investigated based on the changes in the morphology, distribution and element concentration of precipitates formed during aging treatment. The as-cast Mg-6.0 mass%Zn (Mg-6Zn) and Mg-6.0 mass%Zn-3.0 mass%Al (Al-added) were homogenized at 613 K for 48 h and at 673 K for 12 h; they were then solid solution treated at 673 K for 0.5 h and 1 h, respectively. The Mg-6Zn and Al-added alloys were aged at 403 K and 433 K. The peak hardness of the Al-added alloy was higher than that of the Mg-6Zn alloy at each aging temperature. Rod-like, plate-like, blocky, and lath-like precipitates were observed in the Al-added alloy aged at 433 K for 230.4 ks, although the rod-like and plate-like precipitates were observed in the TEM microstructure of the Mg-6Zn alloy aged at 433 K for 360 ks. Moreover, the precipitates in the Al-added alloy were refined and densely distributed compared with those in the Mg-6Zn alloy. The Cliff-Lorimer plots obtained by the EDS analysis of the rod-like ${\beta}_1^'$ and plate-like ${\beta}_2^'$ phases in the Al-added alloy peak aged at 433 K for 230.4 ks were examined. It was confirmed that the ${\beta}_2^'$ phases had higher concentration of solute Al atom than was present in the ${\beta}_1^'$ phases, indicating that the properties of precipitates can be changed by Al addition.