• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.7
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• pp.1812-1821
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• 1996

In this paper, firstly we describe the structure and the performance of our ICPS(Information Communicaion Processing System) which currently provides information retrieval services, and then make a proposal for the construction of the open-networking information communication infra-structure which enables us to fully pre-pare for the emerging information society. In detail, the structure and the methodology needed for the implementation of the billing function on behalf of all information providers by using the user access network number as a user identification number while guaranteeing the equivalent access to the multiple value-added networks, are suggested. Based on the above ideas, the AICPS(Advanced Information Communication Processing System) has been designed and implemented. Final system performance evaluation with the assumption of a poling system as a system model, shows that our system can handle 10,000 user simultaneously who are using V.34 28.8 kbps modems and the processing capacity is 288,000 packet/sec. This result is so far superior to our target performance established during the desingning procedure. Namely, our system was originally designed to accommodate only 960 users at the same time. By taking advantage of this excessive high performance of our system, many other users can easily access the new services which are accessible only throught the ISDN or the Internet.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.935-939
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• 2000

Objective : Traumatic disc lesion is a lesion with tremendous controversies. The causal relationships of this lesion are not established along with pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, methods of treatment and the outcome. However, a significant number of patients with back pain after a trauma underwent spinal operations under the diagnosis of traumatic disc lesions. Such an ill-directed operation eventually produce a person with an iatrogenic disability. We present two illustrative cases, and tried to make a preventive method. Methods : We examined the path from mild trauma after a road traffic accident into the iatrogenic disability in two illustrative cases, who requested disability assessment and medical appraisement. We evaluated the reason and background for such an unwanted outcome and tried to find a method to reduce or prevent it by a literature review. Results : These two patients were admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of lumbar sprain after a road traffic accidents. They eventually underwent spinal surgery under another diagnosis such as traumatic disc herniation or internal disc disruption. They stayed at the hospital for more than six months and finally lost their jobs. They became the disabled at last. Although they complained back pain, they never insisted by themselves that their symptoms were due to the traumatic disc lesion. To prevent such an iatrogenic disability, the doctors should assist them to go-back to the workplace promptly instead of a reckless extension of the treatment period. It may be necessary to evaluate the certificates to extend the treatment period with an additional diagnosis by a medical expert. To reduce the unnecessary long-term admission, a new billing system such as a partial share for the high cost of the treatment by the patients may be needed. Conclusion : It is not the patient but the doctors, who has the responsibility to avoid the unnecessary operations. All treating doctors should try to reduce or prevent such an iatrogenic complication caused by ourselves before we are forced to do so.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.463-474
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• 2009

By employing the subscriber concept in broadcasting services, IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) operators provide various grades of services to subscribers based on the billing level of the subscribers. With the income from subscribers for a basis, IPTV operators plan to provide high quality services. Since Web browser-based IPTV provides T-commerce and E-commerce services as well as television services, users may frequently visit other service domains to buy goods or content. To provide the user with charged or private services, these service domains request authentication of user. The existing authentication system is not appropriate for the IPTV service environment because the environment unavoidably forces the user to cross from one authentication-based service domain to another. Single sign-on provides a user with transparent authentication services by enabling an authenticated user to move between authentication-based service domains without any re-authentication. Like this distributed environment, since the IPTV service environment also provides a variety of authentication-based services, transparent authentication service needs to be provided to subscribers who want to access charged or private services. In this paper, we propose a new user authentication scheme for the IPTV environment. This scheme integrates the Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), which is a standard for XML-based single sign on. We validate this scheme using a simple use case scenario.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.64-72
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• 2009

AMR(Automatic Meter Reading), which means that it reads the meter of electricity, gas, or water, etc at a remote place automatically through wired or wireless communication, has been studied in terms of Power Line Communication method and Local Area Wireless Communication method, etc. In this paper, we designed and implemented JCA(Java Card for AMR) capable of AMR, which is based on java Card technology indispensable to the ubiquitous world. In this paper, JCA follows standard transactional procedures offered by power supply company and manages power usage log and billing data, and is designed in order to satisfy EMV multi-functional specifications. Because JCA is a multi-functional smart card capable of post-issuance applets as an open platform, it is installed into other applications of affiliated concerns as well as credit card and traffic card applications. Not only the proposed JCA is a low cost system, compared to other AMR systems, but is capable of paying rates in advance or later by applying authentication and security function of java Card. In addition the proposed JCA system can create value added services such as affiliated services with corporate alliance.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.110-118
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• 1994

As the first step to improve the medical recording for the hospitalized patients, we tried to identify problems of completion rate of the medical recording and made the completion rate of the medical recording within due date known to the public in the hospital and commended the best Department and resident officially. The results were as follows: 1. The average number of the medical recordings per a recorder by years of residency(average number to quorum) was 293.3(398.8) in 1st year, 82.5(68.1) in 2nd year, 21.2(8.3) in 3rd year, and 20.5(1.9) in 4th year-residents. There was only 2 residents who prepared the medical recordings more than the average of 125.6 recordings per a resident. 2. Among 13 Departments, the medical recording was wholly put in charge of the 1st year-resident in 6 Departments. The duty was shared with the 2nd year-resident in 5 Departments and the 3rd year-resident in 1 and the 4th year-resident in Only 1 Department. 3. The more the cases requiring the medical recording, the lower the completion rate(80% less than 100 recordings, 70% in 100-299, 60% in 300-399 and 33.3% in more than 400). 4. There was no difference in the completion rate of the medical recording before(1991) and after(1993) a public nitice(1992). However, 4 Departments showed improvement of 21-45% in the completion rate, and no case was found where billing for medical assurance was postponed due to delayed completion of the medical recording. 5. The completion rate was relatively low(72-78%) from January to March. The main reasons were shortage of men power due to preparation of board examination, attendance to military duty, and lack of training in the medical recording for the new 1st year-residents. 6. The official commendation of the best Department and resident by letters did not improve the completion rate of the medical recording. In conclusion, The main reason of the low completion rate of the medical recording was the fact that the 1st year-residents were almost exclusively responsible for the medical recording. Hence, it is mandotory that this practice gets staffs' attention to improve the completion rate. Public notice of the completion rate of the medical recording shows prompt improvement of the completion rate. Prize money rather than commendation by a letter for the best Department would also be more effective to improve the quality of medical recording.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2008

In the mobile Internet environment, frequent communications between a mobile device and a content server are required for searching or downloading learning materials. In this paper, we propose an efficient prefetching technique to reduce the network cost and to improve the communication efficiency in the mobile dictionary. Our prefetching-based approach can be explained as follows. First, we propose an overall framework for the prefetching-based mobile dictionary. Second, we present a systematic way of determining the amount of prefetching data for each of packet-based and flat-rate billing cases. Third, by focusing on the English-Korean mobile dictionary for middle or high school students, we propose an intuitive method of determining the words to be prefetched in advance. Fourth, based on these determination methods, we propose an efficient prefetching algorithm. Fifth, through experiments, we show the superiority of our prefetching-based method. From this approach, we can summarize major contributions as follows. First, to our best knowledge, this is the first attempt to exploit prefetching techniques in mobile applications. Second, we propose a systematic way of applying prefetching techniques to a mobile dictionary. Third, using prefetching techniques we improve the overall performance of a network-based mobile dictionary. Experimental results show that, compared with the traditional on-demand approach, our prefetching based approach improves the average performance by $9.8%{\sim}33.2%$. These results indicate that our framework can be widely used not only in the mobile dictionary but also in other mobile Internet applications that require the prefetching technique.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

ISO 15118 is an international standard that defines communication between electric vehicles and electric vehicle chargers. Plug & Charge (PnC) was also defined as a technology to automatically authenticate users when using charging services. PnC indicates automatic authentication technology where all processes such as electric vehicle user authentication, charging and billing are automatically processed. According to the standard, certificates for chargers and CPSs (Certificate Provisioning Services) should be under the V2G (Vehicle to Grid) Root certificate. In Korea, the utility company operates its own PKI (Public Key Infrastructure), making it difficult to provide chargers under the V2G Root Certificate. Therefore, a method that can be authenticated is necessary even when you have different Root Certificates. This paper proposes to apply cross-certificate technology to PnC authentication. Automatic authentication of Cross Certification is to issue a cross-certificate of the Root CA and include it in the certificate chain to proceed with automatic authentication, even if you have different Root certificates. Applying cross-certificate technology enables verification of certificates under other Root certificates. In this paper, the PnC automatic authentication and cross certificate automatic authentication is implemented, so as to proceed with proof of concept proving that both methods are available. Define development requirements, certificate profiles, and user authentication sequences, and implement and execute them accordingly. This experiment confirms that two automatic authentication are practicable, especially the scalability of automatic authentication using cross-certificate PnC.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.169-177
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• 2007

Existing wireless access (mobile) routers are based commonly on the network address and port translation (NAPT) technique which permits simultaneously sharing a subscriber's connection to the network with multiple users. However, the NAPT architecturally makes the users invisible on the network side, thus becoming a user-oriented connection technique. In this paper, we propose a novel service provider-oriented unlicensed nomadic access relay station (WiNNERS) for helping wireless broadband network service providers to make their business more lucrative by accommdating unlicensed band users as subscribers into their network. The WiNNERS offers service providers the capability to directly manage each of the unlicensed band users at the network side. This direct management allows the service providers to flexibly and simply handle QoS, access control, and billing for each user. In order to distinguish each of the unlicensed band users the WiNNERS constructs a virtual tunnel from each user's terminal to the network access router using connection identifiers which is defined for service flow management within the WiBro system, Consequently, our proposed service provider-oriented relay station can be included into the WiBro network system with minimum modifications.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.407-414
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• 2016

This study was conducted to provide basic data to evaluate the appropriateness of convalescent hospitalization treatment by investigating the number of hospitalization days and the total treatment expenses of a total of 44,037 monthly billing statements requested from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Evaluated data consisted of medical care expenses of patients of the diem payment system hospitalized at convalescent hospitals in Daejeon, Chungnam, Chungbuk and Sejong from January through December of 2014. According to the analysis result of the general characteristics of the study objects and the canonical correlation analysis of the top 15 main diagnosis names, 7 canonical functions have been deducted. Among them, six canonical functions were shown to be statistically significant (p<0.001), and canonical function 1 had a chi-squared value of 5955.49 and 98 degrees of freedom at p<0.001 level. Overall, the results indicated that if health and welfare service in the regional society is magnified, social hospitalization can be reduced.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.3 no.7
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• pp.219-230
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• 2014

In the cloud computing environment, cloud service users purchase and use the virtualized resources from cloud resource providers on a pay as you go manner. Typically, there are two billing plans for computing resource allocation adopted by large cloud resource providers such as Amazon, Gogrid, and Microsoft, on-demand and reserved plans. Reserved Virtual Machine(VM) instance is provided to users based on the lengthy allocation with the cheaper price than the one of on-demand VM instance which is based on shortly allocation. With the proper mixture allocation of reserved and on-demand VM corresponding to users' requests, cloud service providers are able to reduce the resource allocation cost. To do this, prior researches about VM allocation scheme have been focused on the optimization approach with the users' request prediction techniques. However, it is difficult to predict the expected demands exactly because there are various cloud service users and the their request patterns are heavily fluctuated in reality. Moreover, the previous optimization processing techniques might require unacceptable huge time so it is hard to apply them to the current cloud computing system. In this paper, we propose the cloud brokering system with the adaptive VM allocation schemes called A3R(Adaptive 3 Resource allocation schemes) that do not need any optimization processes and kinds of prediction techniques. By using A3R, the VM instances are allocated to users in response to their service demands adaptively. We demonstrate that our proposed schemes are able to reduce the resource use cost significantly while maintaining the acceptable Quality of Service(QoS) of cloud service users through the evaluation results.