• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2001

Composite materials consists of two or more different material layers. The usefulness of clad metal rods forms the possibilities of combination of properties of different metals. Copper clad aluminum composite materials are being used for economic and structural purpose. In this study, composite billet consists of commercially pure copper and aluminum(A6061) and experimental conditions consist of the combinations of clad thickness, extrusion ratio, and semi-cone angle of die. In order to investigate the influence of these parameters on the hot direct extrudability of the copper clad aluminum composite material rods, the experimental study have been performed with various extrusion temperatures, extrusion ratios, semi-cone angles of die, and composition rate of Cu:Al.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2004

Traditional forging of a hollow T-shaped part has been applied to forge a solid T-shaped product from a solid billet and then to machine the hollow in that. In a case, a hollow T-shaped part can be forged by backward-extruding from a solid billet. In this study, four types of forging were suggested for manufacture of hollow T-shaped parts. Forging simulations for each of these forging methods were carried out to investigate folding defect, metal flow pattern, effective strain, and forging loads. Experimental works were carried out to be compared with the simulation results. Here, the ratio of the thickness of the hollow tube to that of the flange was selected to investigate a forging defect like folding.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.359-362
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• 2003

The bending phenomenon has been known to be occurred by the different of velocity at the die exit. The difference of velocity at the die exit section can be obtained by the different velocity of billets through the multi-hole container and by the cohesion of billet inside the porthole die chamber. The bending phenomenon can be controlled by the different hole diameter. The experiments using aluminium material for the curved tube product had been done. The results of the experiment show that the curved tube product can be formed by the extru-bending process without the defects such as the distortion of section and the thickness change of the wall of tube and the folding and wrinkling. It is known that the welding and extruding of each billet has done simultaneously although the curved tube is extruded with four billets.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2003

This paper explains the process design for improving tool life in the conventional hot forging process. The thermal load and the thermal softening are happened by contact between the hotter billet and the cooler tools in hot forging process. Tool life decreases considerably due to the softening of the surface layer of a tool was caused by a high thermal load and long contact time between the tools and the billet. Also, tool life is to a large extent limited by wear, heat crack and plastic deformation in hot forging process. Above all, the main factors which affect die accuracy and tool life we wear and the plastic deformation of a tool. The newly developed techniques for predicting tool life are applied to estimate the production quantity for a spindle component and these techniques can be applied to improve the tool life in hot forging process.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2000

In this paper, the formation of a corner cavity in the final stage of axisymmetric backward extrusion process is studied by means of upper bound analysis using kinematically admissible velocity. The quantitative relationships between corner cavity formation and process parameters are studied. And analytical results are compared with those of experiment to which plasticine is used. It is found that the analytical results agree well with experimental one. In addition, to restrict the formation of a corner cavity, driven container is applied to backward extrusion and the results are compared with those of FEM. The critical thickness of the bottom of the billet decreases with increase in reduction of area, and increases with decrease in friction. To prevent the formation of corner cavity, the concept of moving container was applied. Throughout this process, the occurrence of a corner cavity is delayed and forming limit area is enlarged.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2003

Microstructures and mechanical properties of VIM/VAR/VAR-processed Ni-based Alloy718 ingot were investigated. Vacuum arc remelting(VAR) results in chill grain zone, columnar grain zone, and equi-axed grain zone in the ingot due to the difference in local solidification processes. Different grain structures of the remelting ingot result in the different hot workability for the given cogging conditions. Experimental results on microstructural inhomogeniety and material flow behavior under billet cogging conditions were presented, and their potential effects on the billet cogging process are discussed.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.74-77
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• 2000

Porthole die extrusion has a great advantage in the forming of hollow section tubes difficult to produce by conventional extrusion with a mandrel on the stem. Because of the complicated structure of die assembly, extrusion process as a forming of hollow section tubes has been investigated experimentally Therefore, analytic approaches that are useful in profitable die design and in the improvement of productivity are inevitably demanded Welding strength is affected by many parameters, which are such as extrusion ratio, extrusion speed, die shape, porthole number, bearing length, billet temperature and mandrel shape. In this paper, the parameters, which are such as billet temperature, bearing length and tube thickness, are examined. The welding pressures are examined through 3D simulation of non steady state and compared with experimental results.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 The 8th Asian Symposium on Precision Forging ASPF
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• pp.143-146
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• 2003

In this paper, a new preform design method is proposed to eliminate the excessive flash in metal forging process. After carrying out finite element simulation of the process with an initial billet, backward particle tracing is performed from the outlet of the flash. Then, the region which belongs to the flash is easily found .. The process is analyzed again with the redesigned billet which is removed that region the above mentioned region. The optimal preform shape which minimizes the amount of flash without changing the forgibility can be obtained in several iterations.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 1998

An upper bound elemental technique(UBET) program has been developed to analyze forging load, die-cavity filling and effective strain distribution for flash and flashless forgings. The program consists of forward and backward tracing processes. In the forward program, flash, die filling and forging load are predicted. In backward tracing process, the optimum dimensions of initial billet in conventional forging are determined from the final-shape data based on flash design. And the analysis is described for merit of flashless precision forging. Experiments are carried out with pure plasticine billets at room temperature. The theoretical predictions of forging load and flow pattern are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

The main objective of this paper is to propose the optimal design method of forging process using genetic algorithm. Design optimization of forging process was doing about one stage and multi stage. The objective function is considered the filling of die. The chosen design variables are die geometry in multi stage and initial billet shape in one stage. We performed FE analysis to simulated forging process. The optimized preform and initial billet shape was obtained by genetic algorithm and FE analysis. To show the efficiency of GA method in forging problem are solved and compared with published results.