• International Journal of Contents
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.20-31
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• 2021

This study aimed to pilot test a newly developed bilateral upper limb rehabilitation training program for improving the upper limb function of individuals with chronic stroke using a visual feedback method. The double-group pretest-posttest design pilot study included 10 individuals with chronic stroke (age >50 years). The intervention (four weekly meetings) consisted of five upper limb training protocols (wrist extension; forearm supination and pronation; elbow extension and shoulder flexion; weight-bearing shift; and shoulder, elbow, and wrist complex movements). Upper limb movement function recovery was assessed with the FuglMeyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity, the Wolf Motor Function Test, the Trunk Control Test, the modified Ashworth Scale, and the visual analog scale at baseline, immediately after, and four weeks after the intervention. The Fatigue Severity Scale was also employed. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity and Wolf Motor Function Test showed significant improvement in upper limb motor function. The Trunk Control Test results increased slightly, and the modified Ashworth Scale decreased slightly, without statistical significance. The visual analog scale scores showed a significant decrease and the Fatigue Severity Scale scores were moderate or low. The bilateral upper limb training program using the visual feedback method could result in slight upper limb function improvements in individuals with chronic stroke.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the convergence effect of focal vibration stimulation and bilateral upper limb training on the recovery of upper limb function when applied to stroke patients. For 20 stroke patients, divided into an experimental group that performed convergence intervention with focal vibration stimulation and bilateral upper limb training, and a control group who performed only bilateral upper limb training. It was conducted 20 times for 4 weeks, 30 minutes per session. Vibration stimulation was applied to the affected side of the experimental group for 30 minutes during training. Results were measured for the degree of recovery of the affected upper limb function, amount of use on the affected and unaffected sides, the quality and satisfaction in performance on use of both upper limbs. Comparisons were made within groups using a paired-sample t-test and between groups using covariance analysis. As a result of the study, the experimental group showed a significant difference in dexterity and the amount of use on the affected than the control group. The effect size was more than the small effect size in all evaluation items. Through this study, it is thought that the convergence intervention of focal vibration stimulation and bilateral upper limb trainingcan be used clinically as an effective intervention for the recovery of arm function in stroke patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.520-530
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of occupation-based bilateral upper extremity training and transcranial direct current stimulation on upper limb function in stroke patients. The study group was divided into 13 experimental groups with occupation-based bilateral upper extremity training and transcranial direct current stimulation, and 13 controls with only occupation-based bilateral upper extremity training. A total of 4 weeks, 50 minutes, 5 times a week conducted, the patients were tested with Canadian Occupational Performance Measure(COPM), Accelerometer, Fugle-Meyer Assessment(FMA), and Motor Activity Log(MAL). As a result of the study, the experimental group and the control group showed significant improvement in both occupation satisfaction and performance, usage of the affected side and the tendon side, recovery of upper limb function, and quality of movement, In particular, the experimental group showed a significant difference in the amount of the affected side than the control group. Therefore, it was found that the combination of occupation-based bilateral upper extremity training and transcranial direct current stimulation had a positive effect on the recovery of upper limb function in stroke patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1303-1306
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• 2004

We developed a symmetrical upper limb motion trainer for chronic hemiparetic subjects. This trainer enabled the practice of a forearm pronatio $n^ination and wrist flexion/extension. In this study, we have used functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) with the developed symmetrical upper limb motion device, to compare brain activation patterns elicited by flexion/extension wrist movements of control and hemiparetic subject group. In control group, contralateral somatosensory cortex(SMC) and bilateral cerebellum were activated by dominant hand movement(Task 1), while bilateral movements by dominant hand(Task 2) activated the SMC in both cerebral hemispheres and ipsilateral cerebellum. However, in hemiparetic subject group, contralateral supplymentary motor area(SMA) was activated by unaffected hand movement(Task 1), while the activation of bilateral movements by unaffected hand(Task 2) showed only SMA in the undamaged hemisphere. This study, demonstrating the ability to accurately measure activation in both sensory and motor cortex, is currently being extended to patients in clinical applications such as the recovery of motor function after stroke.ke.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-22
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• 2016

Objective : This study was conducted to review about instrument for bilateral upper extremity assessment. Methods : We searched published papers in Medline database. The keywords used in the search were 'upper extremity' and 'motor activity', 'activities of daily living' and 'assessment', 'instrument', 'disability evaluations'. In total of 68 papers, 44 assessment instruments was extracted. We analyzed about numbers, subjects, methods, reliability, validity, responsiveness of assessment instruments about bilateral upper limb function comparing unilateral, combined bilateral and unilateral instruments. Results : The numbers of bilateral measurement tool were 2 in a total of upper extremity measurement tools. Also, subjects were patients with stroke and measurement was based on performance. The reliability, validity and responsiveness of tools were high. Conclusions : Futher study will be needed to development and research about instrument of bilateral upper extremity.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.511-518
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to provide useful data for clinical occupational therapy by examining the correlation between the use of affected and unaffected sides measured using an accelerometer and upper limb function in chronic stroke patients. In this study, accelerometer, Fugle-Meyer Assessment(FMA), Motor Activity Log(MAL), and Yonsei-Bilateral Activity Test(Y-BAT) was measured on 40 stroke patients who were hospitalized in Won-ju city Y hospital between May 2, 2019 and July 18, 2020. As a result of the study, there was a significant negative correlation between amount of use on the unaffected side and FMA and MAL's Amount of Use(AOU), Quality of Movement(QOM), the quality and satisfaction of performing both hands through Y-BAT. The amount of use on the affected side showed a significant positive correlation with FMA and MAL's AOU, QOM, satisfaction of performing both hands. This study is meaningful in that it suggested the possibility that the actual amount of use on the affected and unaffected side measured using an accelerometer could be used as an evaluation item for upper limb function in stroke patients.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study is to observe effects of Occupation-Based bilateral UE training for chronic stroke. Methods : 4 patients with hemiplegic stroke were divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. From May to August 2016, we conducted a occupation - based bilateral UE training and a traditional bilateral UE training for 5 weeks, 3 times a week, and 60 minutes per session for each subject. EMG, accelerometer, ARAT, Y-BAT, SIS, and COPM were performed before and after the intervention. Results : The experimental group showed a large changes before and after intervention in ECR, DA and all items except for hand function and memory of SIS, compared with the control group. Also, the experimental group showed a large change before and after the intervention compared to the control group in the accelerometer measuring the amount used of bilateral hand and grasp, pinch, and gross movement items of ARAT and COPM, Y-BIT. Conclusions : Occupation-based bilateral upper extremity training was effective in the recovery of upper limb function and social participation through neurological changes. Future research will be required development studies to ensure a high content validity of the Occupation-based bilateral upper extremity training protocol.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.59-62
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• 2013

Man-in-the-barrel syndrome (MIBS) is a clinical syndrome of bilateral upper limb weakness with normal lower extremity function. It can be caused by various neurological conditions such as bilateral cerebral hypoperfusion, syringomyelia, motor neuron disease, or cervical myelopathies. We report a patient with MIBS after cervical spinal cord ischemia. It is postulated to be caused by ischemic insults of anterior spinal artery from repeated and prolonged neck extension.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in the brain connectivity in mental practice and physical performance of training bilateral upper extremity function. Method: The subject performed activities involving mental tasks and physical exercise for bilateral upper extremity functioning during each phase of EEG measurements. The subject performed a symmetrical task(lifting a box and placing it back) that involved moving both arms at the same time and an asymmetrical task(opening and closing a bottle cap) in order to perform functional tasks. EEG electrodes were attached to Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, T3, T4, P3, and P4. Data analysis was performed using Cross-Line Mapping for correlational analyses between EEG electrode pairs. Conclusion: This study found that the brain connectivity patterns of symmetrical and asymmetric upper extremity tasks have similar patterns for the motor and sensory area, and that the correlation of the physical practice is generally higher than that of the mental practice.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2017

Objective : To identify the effect of symmetrical and asymmetric bilateral training For stroke patients in upper extremity recovery. Methods : 15 patients with stroke, randomized to an in- phase group(n =7) and anti-phase group(n =8). Each groups received symmetrical and asymmetric bilateral training, 30-min sessions per a day for 5 weeks, total 20 session.Accelerometer was used to evaluate the amount used for both groups. Y-BAT was used to evaluate performance status and satisfaction, ARAT was used to evaluate hand function. Results : the amount used of symmetrical movement training showed significant changes in affected and unaffected side. asymmetric bilateral training. there is a significant difference in affected side before and after receiving asymmetric bilateral training. Also, There was a significant difference between the groups on the affected side. Both training, there was no significant difference in performance, satisfaction, and upper limb function between group but, there was significant differences within-groups, Conclusions : Symmetric training showed higher motor performance than asymmetric training, but, To obtain a clearer difference, it would be necessary to use a neuromuscular assessment tool such as fMRI. Also, need a clearer training protocol and the need for follow-up studies on more stroke patients is suggested.