• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.167-195
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• 2010

The global financial crisis, the instability of the global economy since the beginning of the growing economic interests of the countries to adjust to establish a new economic system was set up on occasion. Meanwhile, standing in the international trade environment, multilateral system of international trade for the country as the cumulative fatigue of open markets and trade liberalization as an alternative to lead the free trade agreements between countries. Currently in Korea and China, in addition to the geographical proximity in all areas, including economic exchanges and mutually dependent relationship that is deepening the world's No. 1 exporter in China and overseas investors have become partners. FTA with China by promoting the growth of emerging economies in the Chinese market by securing a stable economic growth of China as a driver of economic growth in the country to utilize the plan is being promoted from. This study is currently being promoted, in a discussion of the FTA's agricultural trade measures to address the challenges and poems. Agricultural trade with other goods to be different from the specificity of the discussion of market opening and liberalization of trade has been recognized in the main essentially nothing. We promote an FTA, according to one review and discuss the background and trends of the agricultural trade in a market, through the analysis of the status and trends and present problems for future bilateral trade negotiations with Korea for agricultural markets and propose countermeasures for. Agricultural trade, during a discussion of the FTA is essentially nothing in the review is expected to expand the bilateral trade in agricultural products, while protecting its agricultural markets to be trying to policy implications.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.249-274
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• 2006

This study extensively investigated Japan's FTA strategy and plan of FTA policy and analyzed the economic effect caused by it. In the analysis of economic effect using world economical model shows not only positive economic effect in home country but also to the foreign country. Recently, Japan's bilateral relation with Korea and China is getting worse, not in a friendly way. Consequently Japan's future FTA negotiation will be expected to be focused on the East-Asia region. In other words, Japan expressed assistance for the purpose of communication, stability and prosperity in the East-Asia and will seek individual economic cooperation with each East-Asia country trying to reinforce the stand of Japan. This means that Japan is trying to improve the relation with Korea and China in the other way because it cannot change the relation with Korea and China on its own. That is to say, It can be interpreted as Japan is trying to reinforce the economic cooperation with other East-Asia countries for the realization of East Asia community rather than directly negotiating with Korea or China.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.185-226
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• 2015

As in some developing countries and more recently some developed countries worldwide and in the Asian region, Australia has faced significant internal opposition and public debate especially over treaty-based investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). As outlined in Part II(1), concerns have re-emerged and escalated since the first-ever claim was brought against Australia regarding its tobacco plain packaging legislation, in 2011 by Philip Morris Asia under an old BIT with Hong Kong. However, Australia signed bilateral FTAs with Korea in 2014 and with China in 2015, including ISDS protections, prompting several sets of parliamentary inquiries (Part II(2)). Australia's close trading partner, New Zealand, had already concluded an FTA with China in 2008 that included more expansive ISDS-backed investor protections. In 2015, the New Zealand Parliament has been debating ratification of its own FTA with Korea, with ISDS also now attracting growing scrutiny, as elaborated in Part III below. In both bilateral FTA negotiations, the present Korean government seems to have reverted to a strong preference for concluding investment agreements with extensive ISDS protections, despite public and parliamentary debate around 2011 in the context of ratifying its FTA with the United States. As mentioned briefly in the concluding Part IV, Korea's stance has significant implications for the future trajectory of treaty-based ISDS - and indeed international arbitration more generally - in the Asia-Pacific region, and perhaps even globally.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.5 s.37
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• pp.281-290
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• 2005

FTA is the key post in international trade policy together with WTO. This paper studies the appraisal of bilateral Free Trade Association among Korea and Chile which has been started from April of last year. After FTA our actual results of export to Chile has been increased as forecasted but import from Chile hasn't increased as anxiety. Also Korea $\cdot$ Chile FTA gives us a political suggestion for propulsion of FTA with another countries hereafter.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.89-111
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• 2016

The Mega-FTA is intended for emerging economies, including developed economies, to expand economies of scale in a single market. The Bilateral FTA shall take into account the relevant industries and the inter-country related industries to adjust the origin standard and preferential tariff rates. Therefore, certain competitive industries can expect foreign investment and re-investment in the domestic market as well as expansion of the market in the region. However, the mega-FTA should expand the size of the economy under the same preferential tax rates for many Partner countries. The Mega-FTA can maximize the effectiveness of the agreement by making use of the competitive advantages of the participating countries. In the mega-FTA, Cumulative Criteria should be appropriately used as a supplemental standard of origin. The Cumulative Criteria is an important FTA utilization factor that determines the success of the mega-FTA. Using FTA, Korea should export locally produced materials using cheaper labor force in FTA partner country. In addition, in order to prepare the Mega-FTA, which allows full cumulation, it is necessary to encourage the overseas transfer of low-cost structure materials processing industry so that the material suppliers can be transferred to the area where production cost is lower and raw material supply is easier.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.87-92
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• 2016

Purpose - Purpose of this paper is to review and examine FTA of two countries, Korea and China, in terms of the investment aspects in bilateral FTA. Traditionally, there have been much mutual exchanges for international trade and investment between two countries for a long time. As the FTA has established between Korea and China in recent years, it can be expected that there will be more possibilities to take wide investment opportunities, which is mutual benefit to both countries in FTA era. Research design, data, and methodology - The methodology to be taken is to look into, first general economic situations and a brief look at FTA from each countries, and then to examine investment aspects in present and future between Korea and China. Results - The result examined in this research is that each country has been involved into mutual investment step by step, and it is also revealed that investment activities have been growing steadily as time goes by. Conclusions - The FTA between Korea and China has new chance and hope for mutual co-operation in relation to investment aspects of the FTA at the level of economic exchanges, which can fully utilize national resources of each country.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.95-119
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• 2020

Securing a stable supply chain is becoming a significant concern among countries as the global uncertainty rises with the expansion of global protectionism and the result of what the COVID-19 pandemic has brought around the world. This study has investigated dispute cases between customs authority and trade corporations based on the KOREA-ASEAN FTA and suggested the following implications and improvements: Firstly, the extent (varieties) of the proof document on cumulation and its form should be stipulated and provided through consultation between customs from each contracting party. Secondly, it ought to be prescribed as an obligation so that producers located in the third country can cooperate in providing documents for certification of origin. The duty to provide such documentary evidence should also be specified when making EX-IM contracts. Lastly, origin verification provisions regarding cases to which cumulation is applied have to be complemented so that the verification period's extension can be applied and approved. One can expect that the abovementioned responses on cumulation will enhance the availability of KOREA-ASEAN FTA.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.309-337
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• 2015

Recently, Korea had virtually reached an FTA deal with China on November 10, 2014 after the 14 rounds of negotiation during past two and half years. The two countries agreed to the FTA's 22 chapters, including products, services, investment, e-commerce, finance, communication, and other trade issues, but rice and several sensitive agricultural and fisheries products were excluded from the deal. Korea and China will remove their import tariffs on more than 90 percent of all products and more than 85 percent of imports by value within 20 years once the FTA is implemented. This paper intends to analyze the impacts of Korea-China FTA on the major industries in Daegu-Gyeongbuk region. Considering the statistics on the bilateral trade between China and Daegu-Gyeongbuk region, import tariff rates of the two countries, trade specialization indices of the major industries, and the package of Korea-China FTA deal, this study investigated the sectoral effects of Korea-China FTA on the four main industries, textiles, electrical-electronics, machinery and auto parts, and steel and iron industries in that region.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.33-40
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• 2017

Purpose - This study attempted to discover the impact of the Korea-China FTA(Free Trade Agreement) on electronic products distribution industry. Strategies will be provided to expand both countries' trade after the Korea-China FTA. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzed the differences before and after the Korea-China FTA, using an RCA(Revealed Comparative Advantage) index, TC(Technology Sophistication Index) index and TSI(Trade Specialization Index) that considered the FTA tariff situation. Data was collected from the International Trade Statistics Database and Korea, China Customs Service. Results - The results indicate that following the Korea-China FTA, China and Korea's bilateral trade of electronic products is expected to expand, and both countries will experience net welfare gains from the markets' expansion. Korea is competitive in several key products, although it faces competition from China. China's electronic products' competitiveness have indicated an increasing trend. Conclusions - The two countries should closely cooperate and communicate with each other. Ultimately, Korea should focus on high-tech, sophisticated techniques to gain market advantage. On the other hand, with the tariff decrease as well as the labor cost and labor force base, China will greatly be able to benefit from the manufacturing of medium- to low-end products in the future.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-48
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• 2022

In the past decade, Korea and Japan have increasingly exhibited different strategic priorities in trade in face of China's rising global economic prowess and worsening US-China trade conflict. Japan's trade policy decisions have worked to reinforce its economic and security ties with the US as a means to counter China. Japan has used both bilateral and multilateral means to secure its ties with the US against China. In contrast, Korea's trade policy positions have been one of 'strategic ambiguity'. Korea has been more conciliatory towards China, reluctant to take actions that would counter China's interest. Korea has mainly resorted to bilateral channels to maintain favorable relations with both China and the US. Korea's reluctance to clearly ally with the US against China has been observed across different administrations with opposing political orientations. This paper examines Korea and Japan's diverging strategic priorities in trade through the 2017 World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference; the 2017 US imposition of Section 232 on steel; the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, the Korea-US FTA renegotiation and the Korea-China FTA Phase Two Negotiation; and the 2019 Japan-US Trade Agreement.