• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.1115-1122
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• 2006

The railway design trends has been developed by the change of the society and culture through the consideration of the history of railway. The railway design trends is as the vehicles in the external form of railways, instantly means to plan and create the value added something like the form of the exterior design. The railway design has been changing form instinctive methods to settle the mass transport of the early days, to sensitive methods to pursue the railway culture centering around human being. As dividing by the style's change of railway in image scale aspects between 1800's and 2005 according to the life environment into the external nation, there are big differences so that is to study the development history of the railway design accordingly each nation (United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan) and the style's change, to confirm into the design applied in society and culture needs, and to analyze by a year in changes of the environment and the railway design history. This paper analyzed railway introduced as railway models by top 4 nation (United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan) in the past years(1800-2005) for their railway design trends by image scale positioning.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.347-370
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• 2022

Most public library websites provide unstructured cultural program data, which cannot be produced and utilized systematically as bibliographic information. It is not sufficiently used in existing library big data research or cases, and there is a risk of disappearing when the website is reorganized or the person in charge is changed. This study developed a data schema that can be used in conjunction with bibliographic data by collecting and analyzing cultural programs and community service data produced in an unstructured manner and proposed to share and utilize public library cultural programs and community service data, and establish a library big data platform that can serve as an information channel between librarians who are cultural program planners. Library program data posted on the library website can be integrated and managed through the platform, securing continuity of work, and systematically managing and preserving the specialized service history of individual libraries.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.93-105
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• 2012

Science and technology are deeply based on the invention of photography. The images that were made through machines and scientific process were not just delicate images. Photography was used wherever accurate record and realistic description were needed, such as public culture, art, advertisement, science research and so on, so it became an important part of anthropologic culture. However, the history of photography in the present photography education mainly deal with photographic tendency of famous photographers, the change of art paradigm by time period, social changes through big wars, thus there is a lack of diverse perspective in the history of photography, such as technological perspective. In this study, the history of photography was examined through science and technology, and analyzed how photography was affected and changed by the stage of important technological accomplishment. From this point of view, It will be helpful to understand modern photography, and meaningful to be a good reference. Furthermore, by understanding that photography relies on technology, the people who majored in photography will realize how important studying photographic technology and theories is.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2011

The Bunhuangsa stone pagoda, constructed in AD. 634, National Treasure no. 30, has been named as 'brick-copied pagoda' since the Japanese-ruling period by scholars. It is said that the Chinese brick pagoda was its precedent model, however the Bunhuangsa Pagoda is the oldest of all the Chinese-style brick pagodas except one, the Sungaksa Pagoda. The Chinese pagoda cannot have been a precedent model to copy due to its complex detail of wood vestige, as the Bunhuangsa pagoda is simple form without ornament. Domestic brick pagodas cannot have been a precedent model to copy as well, because all the domestic brick pagodas are younger than the Bunhuangsa Pagoda. Therefore, the terminology 'brick-copied pagoda' is a fallacy; it is rather that later brick pagoda copied the precedent the Bunhuangsa stone pagoda. The Bunhuangsa Pagoda is simply a piled-up pagoda of thick or thin, big or small slates of stone, facing only one smooth side and therefore needing nothing to relate to brick. The originality of the pagoda is more related to simple piled-up Indian stone stupa rather than Chinese brick pagoda. The roof form of its gradually stepped projection comes from the harmika of the summit of Indian stupa. Contrary to general history, old Silla Dynasty imported Buddhism directly from India by sea. From written national history and by temple foundation history, the Indian Buddhism evangelist possibly made influence to the erecting of temple and pagoda. The original wrong terminology has made a harmful effect gradually to the naming of mass-styled stone pagoda of only carved stepped-roof form after brick-copied pagoda. The false term 'brick-copied pagoda' should be discarded, which comes with superficial observation based on toadyism to China and colonialism to Japan. Instead of the fallacious term, this paper suggests multi-storied 'piled-up pagoda with slate stone.'

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.879-897
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• 2007

The Royal District in Gyeungju-city was placed in lower surface of alluvial fan that was formed during the Last Glacial Age. During the Holocene, Bukcheon-river was reached in the dynamic equilibrium status and the form of river channel was similar or same to the present. The cases of dying people and carrying houses away by flood for ancient history in Gyeongju were six times, in 131, 160, 350, 496, 657 and 703. Like this big flood was happened at interval of $150{\sim}200$years. A period of big flood appearance in Bukcheon-river was extremely long. Therefore the people who had lived in Gyeongju for ancient history perceived that most part of riverbed of Bukcheon-river was a safety place from flood damages. Not only private houses. In east part of Bunhwangsa temple, that is, west side of Bukcheon-river where the river energy is maximum, a pillow block was built to prevent a lateral erosion but any artificial riverbank was not. In spite of high flood possibility in Bukcheon-river, there was no facility to prevent floods in this section. Also, deposits of flood are not identified. This point is very suggestive that Bukcheon-river did not flood for ancient history.

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2011

In this paper, I summarized the history and current state of korean aircraft industry. The Korean aircraft industry, beginning from maintenance business after Korean War, has been industrialized from 1976. From that time, aircraft industry in Korea has been steadily developed through big scale national projects usually military related. The current relationship of aircraft industry, government projects, policies in Korea is also summarized in this paper. By the big scale military projects, like KTX, KFP, KHA, etc., Korean aircraft industry has accumulated and developed essential technologies of the aircraft industry, and recently tries to develop even more by participating in the world civil aircraft market, which asks Korea of the harmonious effort of government, industry, and R&D sector. Considering that aircraft industry is not the optional but the essential for the national development in 21st century, the more harmonious and intensive effort of Korean aircraft industry will be absolutely needed.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.243-252
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• 2006

This essay studies local design style in globalization era through investigation of the restaurants which are located at suburb of big cities in Korea. All regional memory and history is disappeared in 'The world time' and world design style in globalization era. Thus to study local design means to study the history of certain region and the memory of the people who lives in that area and how they represent their past and memory. Post colonial theory, everyday aesthetics and the way of using past and memory are preresearched for the theoretical background. Post colonial theory is discourse for the countries which have the experience of colonialism. History and memory are used for defining present political, social, economical and cultural situation. In this essay, the way using past and memory were classified in three dimension - by government, company, and individuals. The past which is represented by government is conceptual and defined as only sign without on going history. When it is represented by company, it is also uses as a sign and imitation without contextual meaning. However, when the past is used by individuals, it is alive in daily life. This essay argues that those restaurants which have the style of 'the Koreaness' symbolize the suppressed desire to represent the lost past and memory which are forced to be exduded during the colonial period and fast modern development. And the design style can be defined as epic design, for it has it's own main character, story, memory and plot too. This word 'epic' imply the main point of local design style. In conclusion, this essay will ask the role of design in the country which has colonial memory in globalization era.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.19C no.4
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• pp.215-224
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• 2012

Today, individuals and businesses are a lot of paperwork through a computer. So many documents files are creating to digital type. And the digital type files are copied, moved by various media such as USB, E-mail and so on. A careful analysis of these digital materials can be tracked that occurred during the document editing work history. About these research are on the compound document file format, but has not been studied about the new OOXML format that how to analyze linkages between different document files, tracking an internal order, finding unsaved file for identify the process of creating the file. Future, the use of OOXML format digital documents will further increase, these document work history traceability in digital forensic investigation would be a big help. Therefore, this paper on the new OOXML format(has a forensic viewpoint) will show you how to track the internal order and analyze linkages between the files.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.665-672
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• 2021

Humanity in the 21st century is ushering in an era of practical use of AI. Until now, even though the industrial structure has been advanced, mankind has seen that the abstraction of knowledge production is only their own domain, but they have doubts about that belief. Therefore, this paper tried to examine the identity of modern humanity from the perspective of the result of knowledge accumulated from the past. These discussions were summarized and presented in a historical model called "Changes in the way of accumulating knowledge step by step" starting from the emergence of the earth and mankind. The first stage of this analytical model is the "accumulation of DNA knowledge" until the emergence of human intelligence on Earth. The second stage is the process of "accumulating civilized knowledge" by human biological intelligence, which has become capable of producing knowledge on its own. It is currently classified into three stages and it is considered that it is entering the stage of "accumulating mechanical knowledge" using AI technology. This paper proposes human history as such a step-by-step knowledge accumulation model and describes related discussions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

Increasing the operation rate of components and stabilizing the operation through timely management of the core parts are crucial for improving the efficiency of the railroad maintenance industry. The demand for diagnosis technology to assess the condition of rolling stock components, which employs history management and automated big data analysis, has increased to satisfy both aspects of increasing reliability and reducing the maintenance cost of the core components to cope with the trend of rapid maintenance. This study developed a big data platform-based system to manage the rolling stock component condition to acquire, process, and analyze the big data generated at onboard and wayside devices of railroad cars in real time. The system can monitor the conditions of the railroad car component and system resources in real time. The study also proposed a machine learning technique that enabled the distributed and parallel processing of the acquired big data and automatic component fault diagnosis. The test, which used the virtual instance generation system of the Amazon Web Service, proved that the algorithm applying the distributed and parallel technology decreased the runtime and confirmed the fault diagnosis model utilizing the random forest machine learning for predicting the condition of the bearing and wheel parts with 83% accuracy.