• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

Although reachers have studied for a long time, they don't make criteria for anesthesia depth. anesthetists can't make a prediction about patient's reaction. Therefor, patients have potential risk such as poisonous side effect late-awake, early-awake and strain reaction. EEG are received from twenty-five patients who agreed to investigate themselves during operation with Enflurane-anesthesis in progress of anesthesia. EEG are divided pre-anesthesia, before incision of skin, operation 1, operation 2, awaking, post-anesthesia by anesthesia progress step. EEG is applied pre-processing, base line correct, linear detrend to get more reliable data. EEG data are handled by electronic processing and the EEG data are calculated by bicoherence. During pre-anesthesia and post anesthesia, appearance rate of bicoherence value is observed strong appearance rate in high frequency range($15\~30Hz$). During the anesthesia of patient, a strong appearance rate is revealed the low frequency area(0~10Hz). After bicoherence is calculated by percentage of a appearance rate, that is, Bicpara$\#$1, Bicpara$\#$2, Bicpara$\#$3 and Bicpara$\#$4 parameter are extracted. In result of bicoherence analysis, Bicpara$\#$2 and Bicpara#4 are considered that the best parameter showed progress of anesthesia effectively. And each separated bicoherence are calculated by average bicoherence's numerical value, divide by 2 area, appear by each BicHz$\#$1, BicHz$\#$2, and observed BicHz$\#$1/BicHz$\#$2's change. In result of bicoherence analysis, BicHz$\#$1, BicHz$\#$2 and BicHz$\#$1/BicHz$\#$2 are considered that the best parameter showed progress of anesthesia effectively. In conclusion, I confirmed the anesthesia progress phase, concluded to usefulness of parameter on bispectrum and bicoherence analysis and evaluated the depth of anesthesia. In the future, it is going to use for doctor's diagnosis and apply to protect an medical accident owing to anesthesia.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.595-598
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• 1998

본 논문의 목적은 한국어 모음의 음성 신호에 대하여 2차 및 3차 비선형서의 존재에 대한 정량적인 분석을 수행함에 있다. 음성 신호의 비선형성을 분석하기 위하여 표본화한 음성 신호에 대하여 bicoherence 및 tricoherence를 측정하였다. 실험 결과에 의하면 한국어 모음의 음성 신호의 발생과정에 상당히 강한 2차 및 3차 비선형성이 존재함을 알수 있었다. 특히 음성신호의 3차 비선형성에 대한 연구는 처음 수행되는 것으로 음성 신호 분석에 있어서 매우 중요한 결과로 사료된다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 1987

In this paper the harmonic degrees between $\alpha$ wave and $\beta$ wave in visual evoked potential are analyzed by the bicoherence. The bicoherence analysis is based on an AR model which provides significantly better resolution than that of Fourier transform. The analysis results of visual evoked pope ntial are compared with the analysis results of background EEC. From the comparison results it is found that the harmonic degree of visual evoked potential is less than she harmonic degree of background EEG and the $\beta$ wave of visual evoke potential unlike the background EEC contains the non harmonic property of a wave more than the harmonic properity

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.287-293
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• 2007

The researchers have studied for a long time about the depth of anesthesia but they don't make criteria for the depth of anesthesia. Anesthetists can't make a prediction about patient's reaction. Therefore, patients have potential risk such as poisonous side effect, late-awake, early-awake and strain reaction. In this study, the distributed characteristics on the bispectrum and bicoherence, the type of nonlinear signal processing, as a result of the coupling of EEG were presented according to depth of anesthesia. These results were consistent with a trend of delta ratio that the index of evaluation for the depth of anesthesia. The higher-order spectrum (HOS), the bispectrum and bicoherence, gives the useful information about depth of anaesthesia than other indexes.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

The estimation of non-linear ship motion is one of the most important issues in recent studies of ship stability. In this paper, bispectral analysis and bicoherence analysis were introduced in order to analyze the non-linear ship motion. In addition to the previously observed non-linear pitching motion in following seas, this study observed the non-linear phase coupling of pitching motion in following & quartering seas, and starboard beam seas. By comparing phase coupling between each frequency quantitatively via the bicoherence analysis, it was confirmed that non-linear phase coupling was much stronger in frequency regions other than the peak frequencies of a power spectrum. Furthermore, it was found out that the results of bicoherence calculation were analagous to each other, although the different normalization methods were applied.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.817-825
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• 2007

During thirty years, deterministic chaos has moved center stage in many areas of applied mathematics. One important stimulus for this, particularly in the early 1970s, was work on nonlinear aspects of the dynamics of plant and animal populations. There are many situations, at least to a crude first approximation, by a simple first-order difference equation. Past studies have shown that such equations, even though simple and deterministic, can exhibit a surprising array of dynamical behavior, from stable points, to a bifurcating hierarchy of stable cycles, to apparently random fluctuations. But higher-order spectral analyses of such behavior are usually not considered. Higher-order spectra of a signal contain important information that is not present in its power spectrum. So, if we find the spectral pattern and get information from it, it will be able to be used effectively in so many fields. Hence, this paper uses auto bicoherence and bicoherence residue which are sort of bispectrum. Applying these to behavior of logistic difference equation, which is typical chaotic signal, the phenomenon of phase coupling and the appearance of frequency band can be analyzed. Such information means that bispectral analysis is useful to detect nonlinearity of signal.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.85-92
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• 2000

The pulsating pressure waves are composed of fundamental frequency and higher order harmonics in exhaust pipe of engines. The nonlinearity in exhaust pipe is caused by their interactions. The error which is between prediction and measurement is induced by the nonlinearity. We can not explain this phenomenon using linear acoustic theory which is existing theory. So power spectrum which was used in linear theory is not useful. Bispectrum and bicoherence functions which are a higher order spectrum are applicable to explain this phenomenon. This paper proposes a nonlinear effect of pulsating pressure waves. The phenomenon proposed here is identified by using of higher order spectrum density functions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.115-119
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• 2003

본 연구는 인간에 있어서 가장 간단한 의사라고 여겨지는 긍정과 부정 응답에 대해 나타나는 뇌파의 변화를 잘 반영하는 특징을 찾아내고자 하기 위한 것이다. 고차 통계적 방법(high order statical analysis)인 바이스펙트럼(bispectrum)은 뇌파의 다른 부위와 다른 주파수 사이의 비선형위상커플링(non-linear phase coupling)을 잘 반영하므로, 이를 이용하여 긍정이나 부정을 선택할 때 나타나는 뇌파를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 반응 전 1.25초∼0.5초 에 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 긍정과 부정 응답에 대한 뇌파의 주파수와 부위를 찾아 신경회로망의 입력으로 사용하여 긍정과 부정 응답에 대해 분별하였다. 2번의 뇌파실험에서 각각 실험 데이터에 대해서는 긍/부정 차이가 존재하지만 공통적인 특징이 나타나지는 않았다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.278-285
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• 1999

This paper is concerned with the development of useful engineering techniques to detect and anlayse nonlinearities in mechanical systems. The methods developed are based on the concepts of higher order spectra. The study of higher order statistics has been dominated by work on the bispectrum. The bispectrum can be viewed as a decomposition of the third moment(skewness) of a quadratic phase coupling(QPC) can be analyzed by bicoherence function. Finally, the application of these techiques to data from actual mechanical systems will be performed insecond report.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1867-1875
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• 2003

In exhaust pipes of automotive engines, the pulsating pressure waves are composed of fundamental frequency and high order harmonics. The nonlinearities in the exhaust pipe is caused by their interactions. The error between prediction and measurement is induced by the nonlinearities. We can not explain this phenomenon using linear acoustics theory. So power spectrum, which is used in linear theory, is not useful. This paper is concerned with the development of useful engineering techniques to detect and analyze nonlinearity in exhaust pipe of automotive engines. The study of higher order statistics has been dominated by work on the bispectrum. The bispectrum can be viewed as a decomposition of the third moment (skewness) of a signal over frequency and as such is blind to symmetric nonlinearities. The phenomenon of quadratic phase coupling (QPC) can be analyzed by the bicoherence function. Finally the application of these techniques to data from actual exhaust pipe systems is performed.