• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effect of applying neck flexion during elbow flexion exercise on muscle activity of the biceps brachii, the anterior deltoid and the sternocleidomastoid (SCM). METHODS: Twenty healthy adults participated in this study. The subjects measured %MVIC (Maximal volumetric control) and collected the maximum electromyography (EMG) values in the biceps brachii, anterior deltoid, SCM. The first action was to sit in a sitting position with the eyes facing front and maintained the weight of each section by performing elbow flexion using a tension gauge. The second action was to sit in a sitting position with the head down and maintained the weight of each section by performing elbow flexion using a tension gauge. Paired T-test was used for comparison of the before-and-after neck flexion to analyze the muscle activity of the Biceps brachii of next flexion and extension, the SCM, and the Anterior deltoid during elbow flexion exercise. The Repeated measured ANOVA was used for comparing %MVIC in each muscle. The significance level (?) was set at .05. RESULTS: Neck flexion during elbow flexion increased the muscle activity of the Biceps brachii and Anterior Deltoid muscle in the maximal muscle strength 50 ~ 60%, 70 ~ 80% and decreased the muscle activity of the SCM (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The applic has been confirmed to reduce the mobilization of the SCM and increase the mobilization of the Biceps brachii and Anterior Deltoid to increase the mobilization. Therefore, it seems effective to apply neck flexion when elbow flexion exercise.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2008

Purpose: We wanted to assess the accuracy of ultrasound for detecting abnormality of the long head of the biceps tendon in patients with rotator cuff disorders. Materials and Methods: Between January 2006 and March 2007, we reviewed the arthroscopic findings of biceps tendons in 67 patients with rotator cuff disorder and who underwent ultrasonography pre-operatively. The patients' average age was 58 years and there were 41 males and 26 females. The statuses of the biceps tendons were described as 'normal', 'dislocation', 'subluxation', 'partial or complete tears', and 'tendinopathy'. We investigated the correspondence between the arthroscopic and ultrasonographic findings. Results: On ultrasonography, the biceps tendons were 'normal' in 37 patients and 'abnormal' in 30 patients. On arthroscopy, 5 biceps tendons turned out to have partial tears, which were 'normal' on ultrasonography. On the other hand, 8 biceps tendons were 'normal' which were 'abnormal' on ultrasonography. Three dislocations and 4 complete tears of biceps tendons were identified on arthroscopy, and all of them were detected by ultrasonography. Of the 20 cases of 'tendinopathy' seen on ultrasonography, 15 patients had partial tears and the remaining 5 patients were normal on arthroscopy. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is accurate for detecting some biceps pathologies, such as dislocation or complete tear, but it is not accurate for the detection of partial tear.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluate follow-up after the clinical results of arthroscopic assisted tenodesis of the proximal biceps tendon using an interference screw. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 30 cases of patients receiving tenodesis of the proximal biceps tendon between January, 2008 and January, 2010 who treated with arthroscope. The results were judged by VAS, ASES, tenderness in the biceps groove, fixation failure and the degree of deformity. Results: VAS, ASES scores increased by a statistically significant during the final observation in all patients than before surgery (p<0.05). For those with rotator cuff tear had low ASES results (p<0.05), respectively. But, tenderness in the biceps groove was 17% (5 cases), pepeye deformity and incresead BAD (biceps apex distance) were 10% (3 cases). Conclusion: Arthroscopic tenodesis of the proximal biceps tendon using an interference screw to patients with proximal lesion in their biceps tendon, can achieve good results, but it is possible to groove tenderness and popeye deformity.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 1998

Medial dislocation of the long head of the biceps brachii is a rare condition that usually occurs in association with tears of the subscapularis, chronic impingement, capsular defects or a fracture of the lesser tuberosity. Less commonly, a biceps tendon dislocation may occur after an acute traumatic event. Following a dislocation, the biceps tendon will assume either an intra- or extra-articular position depending on whether or not the subscapularis tendon detaches from its humeral insertion. Magnetic resonance imaging has been found to provide valuable information concerning the location of the biceps tendon and the integrity of the subscapularis tendon. We present a patient with a traumatic dislocation of the biceps brachii tendon in which the diagnosis remained elusive for an extended period of time. In this case, he was evaluated using MRI and reconstruction was performed by restoring the tendon to its anatomical position.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.188-191
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• 2010

Absence of long head of biceps tendon is a very rare anomaly. We encountered a 19 year-old male patient who had right shoulder subluxation. On magnetic resonance imaging, shallow intertubercular groove on right humerus was observed, and absence of long head of biceps tendon was discovered. Arthroscopically, labral rupture and absence of long head of biceps tendon were also evident. Left shoulder had a similar symptom as right 5 months after the initial development of the symptom on the right shoulder. Both MRI and arthroscopy revealed absence of long head of biceps tendon and labral ruptre. Arthroscopic labral repair was performed for both shoulders, and, postoperatively, they were fixated with abduction brace. In this case, it is considered that the absence of long head of biceps tendon triggered the instability of shoulder found in our patient.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2022

Background: Distal biceps rupture is a relatively uncommon injury that can significantly affect quality of life. Early complications following biceps tendon repair are not well described in the literature. This study utilizes a national surgical database to determine the incidence of and predictors for short-term complications following distal biceps tendon repair. Methods: The American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify patients undergoing distal biceps repair between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2017. Patient demographic variables of sex, age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, functional status, and several comorbidities were collected for each patient, along with 30-day postoperative complications. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate risk ratios for these complications using patient predictor variables. Results: Early postoperative surgical complications (0.5%)-which were mostly infections (0.4%)-and medical complications (0.3%) were rare. A readmission risk factor was diabetes (risk ratio [RR], 4.238; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.180-15.218). Non-home discharge risk factors were smoking (RR, 3.006; 95% CI, 1.123-8.044) and ≥60 years of age (RR, 4.150; 95% CI, 1.611-10.686). Maleness was protective for medical complications (RR, 0.024; 95% CI, 0.005-0.126). Surgical complication risk factors were obese class II (RR, 4.120; 95% CI, 1.123-15.120), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; RR, 21.981; 95% CI, 3.719-129.924), and inpatient surgery (RR, 8.606; 95% CI, 2.266-32.689). Conclusions: Complication rates after distal biceps repair are low. Various patient demographics, medical comorbidities, and surgical factors were all predictive of short-term complications.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.119-120
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2002

Purpose : The role of biceps pulley is stabilizing sling for the long head of the biceps tendon against anterior shearing stress in the rotator interval. The purpose of this study was to classify arthroscopic findings of biceps pulley and to evaluate the relationship with shoulder pathology. Materials and Methods : From January 2002 through July 2002, we observed biceps pulley in 49 cases of shoulder pathology treated with arthroscopically. There were 22 cases of anterior instability, 12 cases of rotator cuff tear, 5 of impingement syndrome, 6 of frozen shoulder, 2 of superior labral injury and 1 of each scapulothoracic bursitis and biceps dislocation. We classified biceps pulley as four types according to the arthroscopic appearance. Type I its stretched type. type II as sling type, type III at detached sling type, and type IV as concealed type. Results : We observed stretched type in 24 cases $(49\%)$, sling type in 5 cases $(10\%)$, detached sling type in 2 cases, concealed type in 1 case, and unidentified cases in 17 cases $(35\%)$. Conclusion : Development and variation of biceps pulley may have symptomatic correlation according to the degree of shoulder motion or pathologic status.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2010

Purpose: Our purpose was to retrospectively analyze clinical results of subpectoral tenodesis of the proximal biceps tendon using an interference screw. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 23 cases of patients receiving tenodesis of the proximal biceps tendon between January 2008 and January 2009 for whom we had follow-up data for at least 1 year. Twenty-three cases were operated on using subpectoral tenodesis; 16 of these cases had a rotator cuff tear. The results were judged using a visual analog scale (VAS), ASES, tenderness on the biceps groove, fixation failure and the degree of deformity (BAD). Results: VAS and ASES scores were significantly improved in all patients by the time of the final observation. There were no significant complications or fixation failures. The patients without a tear of the rotator cuff had a better result than patients with a tear of the rotator cuff, but the difference between the two groups was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: In patients with pathology of the long head of the biceps brachii, benefits of subpectoral interference screw tenodesis include pain relief, maintenance of functional biceps, muscle strength, and cosmesis. Subpectoral biceps tenodesis using interference screw fixation appears to be a promising, reproducible, reliable technique for addressing anterior shoulder pain related to pathology of the long head of the biceps brachii.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.170-177
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• 1999

The electromyographic activity of four muscles(biceps, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis) was mea­sured from non-dominant shoulders of 12 volunteers by six different provocative test for the biceps pathology. The provocative tests were Speed, Yergason, Ludington, Heuter, O'Brien and the abduction-extension test. Each test was performed in a force of 30% of maximal voluntary contraction. The levels of activity of the biceps were higher than those of the other rotator cuff muscles only in Speed's test: 28% in the biceps, 26% in the infraspinatus, 25% in the supraspinatus and 21 % in the subscapularis. The levels of activity of the biceps as a percent of MMT(maximal manual test) were higher in Speed's(42%) and O'Brien's test with the arm supinatecl(42%). Speed's test can isolate the activity of biceps better than the other tests but it is a nonspecific test by which the biceps tendon was also activated within other rotator cuff muscles.