• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.355-358
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• 2004

Currently, to overcome the limit of a 14V power supply system and to enhance the stability of this system high and to make the fuel efficiency better, a research development of a 42V power supply system is actively the progress. As an intermediate step to change into an unity power supply system, a 42V/14V dual power supply system uses a DC/DC Converter as one of structure elements. Considering the main electric power sources in the next generation of the car is a 42V system a 14V power supply system has advantages as follows : In be managed efficiently and to increase the redundancy at start, to jump start with any vehicles, etc. We need the introduction of a hi-directional converter that can flow the energy each other in a dual 42V-l2V system. This paper proposed the ZVS hi-directional CUK DC/DC converter which decrease the weight with the size of the DC/DC Converter and minimize the loss when the switching happen. In this paper, a circuit design method and an action principle of the circuit was proposed. To verify the proposed circuit, a comprehensive evaluation with theoretical analysis, simulation results is presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.132-132
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• 2017

Plants, including Platycodon grandiflorum have been used globally across varied cultures as a safe natural source of medicines. From time immemorial, humans have relied on plants that could meet their basic necessities such as food, shelter, fuel and health. This study was executed to profile proteins from the hormone induced diploid and tetraploid roots using high throughput proteome approach. Two dimensional gels stained with CBB, a total of 64 differential expressed proteins were identified from the diploid root using image analysis by Progenesis SameSpot software. Out of total differential expressed spots, 20 differential expressed protein spots ( ${\geq}1.5-fold$) were analyzed using LTQ-FTICR MS whereas a total of 13 protein spots were up regulated and 7 protein spots were down-regulated. However, in the case of tetraploid root, a total of 78 differential expressed proteins were identified from tetraploid root of which a total of 28 differential expressed protein spots (${\geq}1.5-fold$) were analyzed by mass spectrometry whereas a total of 16 protein spots were up regulated and a total of 12 protein spots were down-regulated. However, proteins identified using iProClass databases revealed that the identified proteins from the explants were mainly associated with the nucleic acid binding, oxidoreductase activity, transporter activity and isomers activity. The exclusive protein profile may provide insight clues for better understanding the characteristics of protein function and its metabolic activity that can help for the development of the nutritional and breeding aspects of this economically important medicinal plant.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.10
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• pp.251-275
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• 2004

In diesem Aufsatz geht es um die Frage. womit Leo Weisgerber seine Sprachtheorie entwickelt hat. Er wurde von mehreren Theoretikern und Wissenschaftlern $beeinflu{\ss}t$, wie z. B. Wilhelm von Humboldt, Ernst Cassirer, Wilhelm Wundt, Ferdinand de Saussure usw. Aber in einigen besonderen Bereichen seiner Sprachtheorie wurde or besonders von F. de Saussure stark $beeinflu{\ss}t$. Leo Weisgerber hat sehr viele $Aufs\"{a}tze$ und $B\"{u}cher$ geschrieben. Aber darunter gibt es einige Werke, die seine Sprachtheorie zusarnmenfassend darstellen. Sie sind die folgenden: seine Habillitationsschrift(1925), Muttersprache und Geistesbildung(1929), Grundzuge der inhaltbezogenen Grammatik(1962). Wir haben daher versucht, zu erfurschen, welchen Einfluss Saussure auf diese Werke Weisgerbers ausgeubt hat. In der Habilitationsschrift konnten wir herausfinden, $da{\ss}$ Weisgerber die $Ans\"{a}tze$ Sausssures kritisierend aufgenommen hat. Wahrend Saussure Sprache nicht als einen Organismus betrachtet $h\"{a}lt$ Weisgerber Sprache $f\"{u}r$ einen lebendigen Organismus. $Dar\"{u}her$ hinaus ist nach Weisgerber die Unterscheidung, zwischen langue und parole $unn\"{o}tig$. Leo Weisgerber hat in dem Buch 'Muttersprache und Geistesbildung' seine Zeichen-Theorie zusammenfasst. Da war or damit einverstanden, $da{\ss}$ ein Zeichen aus signifiant und signifie besteht. $Au{\ss}erdem$unterscheidet or Sprache, $\"{a}hnlich$ wie Saussure, wie folgt : das Sprechen, der Sprachbesitz des einzelnen, Sprache als Kulturbesitz einer Gemeinschaft, das allgemein menschliche Prinzip Sprache im Sinne der fuel die Menscheit kennzeichnenden Sprachtaetigkeit. In 'Grundzugo der inhaltbezogenen Grammatik' stellt or dar, wie die Untersuchung der Sprachinhalte $durchgef\"{u}hrt$ werden soll. Nach ihm ist ein Wortinhalt immer $erkl\"{a}rbar$, durch ein Wert in einem Wortfeld. Dieser Begriff 'Wert' entstammt vom 'valour', den Saussure gemacht hat. Aber die Zeichentheorie Weisgerbers ist ein $bi{\ss}chen$ anders geworden. $W\"{a}hrend$ Saussure ein zweidimensionales Zeichenmodel (signifiant und signifie) aufstellt, stellt Weisgerber ein dreidimensionales Zeichenmodell dar, das aus drei Elemente (Lautform - geistige Zwischenwelt - $Au{\ss}enwelt$) besteht. Aus diesen Ergebnissen der Untersuchung konnen wir $schlie{\ss}en$, $da{\ss}$ Weisgerber mehr oder weniger von F. do Saussure beeinflusst wurde.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2017

A gamma-ray peak of $^{226}Ra$ (186.2 keV) overlaps with one of $^{235}U$ (185.7 keV) in a gamma-ray spectrometry system. Though reference peaks of $^{235}U$ can be used to correct the peak interference of $^{235}U$ in the analysis of $^{226}Ra$, this requires a complicated calculation process and a high limit of quantitation. On the other hand, evaluating $^{226}Ra$ using the correction constant in the overlapped peak can make a rapid measurement of $^{226}Ra$ without the complicated calculation process as well as overcome the disadvantage in the indirect measurement of $^{214}Bi$, which means the confinement of $^{222}Rn$ gas in a sample container and a time period to recover the secular equilibrium. About 93 samples with 6 species for raw-materials and by-products were prepared to evaluate the activity of $^{226}Ra$ using the correction constant. The results were compared with the activity of $^{214}Bi$, which means the indirect measurement of $^{226}Ra$, to validate the method of the direct measurement of $^{226}Ra$ using the correction constant. The difference between the direct and indirect measurement of $^{226}Ra$ was generally below about ${\pm}20%$. However, in the case of the phospho gypsum, a large error of about 50% was found in the comparison results, which indicates the disequilibrium between $^{238}U$ and $^{226}Ra$ in the materials. Application results of the contribution ratio of $^{226}Ra$ were below about ${\pm}10%$. The direct measurement of $^{226}Ra$ using the correction constant can be an effective method for its rapid measurement of raw materials and by-products because the activity of $^{226}Ra$ can be produced with a simple calculation without the consideration of the integrity of a sample container and the time period to recover the secular equilibrium.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.268-273
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• 2014

$Y_2O_3$ ceramic specimens were fabricated from the granular powder, obtained by spray drying process from the slurry. The slurry was prepared by mixing PVA binder, NaOH for Ph control, PEG and $Y_2O_3$ powder. The $Y_2O_3$ specimen was shaped in size of ${\phi}14mm$ and then sintered at $1650^{\circ}C$. The characteristics, microstructure, densities and plasma resistance of the $Y_2O_3$ specimens were investigated with the function of forming pressure and sintering time. $Y_2O_3$ specimens were exposed under the $CHF_3/O_2/Ar$ plasma, the dry etching treatment of specimens was carried out by the physical reaction etching of $Ar^+$ ion beam and the chemical reaction etching of $F^-$ ion decomposed from $CHF_3$. With increasing sintering time, $Y_2O_3$ specimens showed relatively high density and strong resistance in plasma etching test.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2019

This article analyzes causal relationships among gross domestic product(GDP), electricity consumption, carbon dioxide($CO_2$) emission and foreign direct investments(FDI) inflow of Korea over the period from 1976 to 2014, using unit root test, cointegration test, and vector error correction model(VECM). As the results, this article found (1) a long-run bi-directional causality between GDP and electricity consumption, which may imply a negative impact of electricity consumption-saving policy on economic growth, (2) uni-directional short- and long-run causalities running from $CO_2$ emission to GDP, and a uni-directional long-run causality running from $CO_2$ emission to electricity consumption, which can result in a negative impact of $CO_2$ emission reduction policy on economic growth and electricity consumption, (3) a uni-directional long-run causality running from FDI to GDP, and uni-directional short- and long-run causalities running from FDI to electricity consumption, which may result from relatively lower electricity prices than investing countries, (4) no causality between FDI and $CO_2$ emission, which is based on the characteristics of FDI composed of service industries. Considering the above causal relationships among the four variables, the policy implication needs to focus on the electricity demand management based on the relevant R&Ds, and on the gradual transition from fossil fuel- to renewable-energy. Adaptive policy to increase the FDI inflow is also needed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.162-176
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• 2022

In Lead-based reactor (LBR) severe accident, the meltdown and migration inside the reactor core will lead to fuel fragment concentration, which may further cause re-criticality and even core disintegration. Accurately predicting the migration and solidification behavior of melt in LBR severe accidents is of prime importance for safety analysis of LBR. In this study, the Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method is validated and used to simulate the migration and solidification behavior. Two main surface tension models are validated and compared. Meanwhile, the MPS method is validated by the L-plate solidification test. Based on the improved MPS method, the migration and solidification behavior of melt in LBR severe accident was studied furthermore. In the Pb-Bi coolant, the melt flows upward due to density difference. The migration and solidification behavior are greatly affected by the surface tension and viscous resistance varying with enthalpy. The whole movement process can be divided into three stages depending on the change in velocity. The heat transfer of core melt is determined jointly by two heat transfer modes: flow heat transfer and solid conductivity. Generally, the research results indicate that the MPS method has unique advantage in studying the migration and solidification behavior in LBR severe accident.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.207-217
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• 2011

In this study the complex formation reactions between uranium(VI) and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB) as a model ligand of humic acid were investigated by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). The analysis of the spectrophotometric data, i.e., absorbance changes at the characteristic charge-transfer bands of the U(VI)-DHB complex, indicates that both 1:1 and 1:2 (U(VI):DHB) complexes occur as a result of dual equilibria and their distribution varies in a pH-dependent manner. The stepwise stability constants determined (log $K_1$ and log $K_2$) are $12.4{\pm}0.1$ and $11.4{\pm}0.1$. Further, the TRLFS study shows that DHB plays a role as a fluorescence quencher of U(VI) species. The presence of both a dynamic and static quenching process was identified for all U(VI) species examined, i.e., ${UO_2}^{2+}$, $(UO_2)_2{(OH)_2}^{2+}$, and $(UO_2)_3{(OH)_5}^+$. The fluorescence intensity and lifetimes of each species were measured from the time-resolved spectra at various ligand concentrations, and then analyzed based on Stern-Volmer equations. The static quenching constants (log $K_s$) obtained are $4.2{\pm}0.1$, $4.3{\pm}0.1$, and $4.34{\pm}0.08$ for ${UO_2}^{2+}$, $(UO_2)_2{(OH)_2}^{2+}$, and $(UO_2)_3{(OH)_5}^+$, respectively. The results of Stern-Volmer analysis suggest that both mono- and bi-dentate U(VI)-DHB complexes serve as groundstate complexes inducing static quenching.