• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.144-152
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• 2017

Purpose: The role of radiotherapy (RT) was largely deserted after the introduction of platinum-based chemotherapy, but still survival rates are disappointingly low. This study focuses on assessing the clinical efficacy of RT in relation to chemotherapy resistance. Materials and Methods: From October 2002 to January 2015, 44 patients were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and treated with palliative RT for persistent or recurrent EOC. All patients received initial treatment with optimal debulking surgery and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. The biologically effective dose (BED) was calculated with ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ set at 10. Ninety-four sites were treated with RT with a median BED of 50.7 Gy (range 28.0 to 79.2 Gy). The primary end-point was the in-field local control (LC) interval, defined as the time interval from the date RT was completed to the date any progressive or newly recurring disease within the RT field was detected on radiographic imaging. Results: The median follow-up duration was 52.3 months (range 7.7 to 179.0 months). The 1-year and 2-year in-field LC rates were 66.0% and 55.0%, respectively. Comparisons of percent change of in-field tumor response showed similar distribution of responses among chemoresistant and chemosensitive tumors. On multivariate analysis of predictive factors for in-field LC analyzed by sites treated, $BED{\geq}50Gy$ (hazard ratio, 0.4; confidence interval, 0.2-0.9; p = 0.025) showed better outcomes. Conclusion: Regardless of resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy, RT can be a feasible treatment modality for patients with persistent of recurrent EOC. The specific role of RT using updated approaches needs to be reassessed.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

본 연구는 안성천 유역($581.7km^2$)을 대상으로 TOPMODEL 분포형 수문모형에 Muskingum 하도 추적기법을 연계하여 유출분석을 수행하였다. 유역의 하류에 분포하고 있는 평야부에 대해서는 linear trend surface interpolation 기법을 사용하여 상류에서 하류방향으로 DEM을 평활화하는 방법으로 평야부의 흐름방향을 부여하였다. TOPMODEL 적용시 지형지표인자의 분포 및 빈도를 추출하기 위하여 MFD(multiple flow direction) 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 중규모 이상의 유역을 대상으로 TOPMODEL을 적용할 경우 DEM의 해상도 저하가 모형의 결과에 영향을 미치게 되므로, 그 해결방안으로서 전체유역을 소유역으로 분할하여 DEM의 해상도를 유지시키고, 소유역간의 결과는 Muskinguim 하도추적기법으로 전달되도록 하였다. 전체유역을 대상으로 500m 해상도로 TOPMODEL을 적용한 유출모의 결과 27.2%의 상대오차를 보인 반면, 유역을 2개의 소유역으로 나누어 300m 및 350m의 공간해상도로 TOPMODEL과 Muskingum 기법을 병행하여 적용한 결과 상대오차가 15.8%로 나타나, 모형의 효율이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.481-490
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• 2005

Surface sediments and seawater were sampled at Masan and Haengam Bays of Korea, to evaluate contamination by sewage-derived organic matter using fecal sterols, Six stream-water samples into Masan and Haengam Bays were also sampled. Total concentrations of eight sterols (coprostanol, epichloestanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, brassicasterol, stigmasterol and $\beta-sitosterol$) were in the range of $1,274\~4,768{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in suspended particulate from the stream-water, $292\~2,244{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in suspended particulate from the seawater and $4.5\~27.2{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in the sediments. Although sterol compositions in sediments, seawater and stream-water were different, cholesterol was the predominant sterol in all samples. The proportion and concentration of coprostanol, a sewage tracer, in stream-water was much higher than those in sediment and seawater. The sterol levels including coprostanol in the sediments and seawater were higher at inner basin than at the outer bay. Some molecular indices and multivariate statistical analysis were used to assess the origin of these sterols and sewage contamination in the study area. The sterol composition patterns in stream-water were mainly associated with contamination by sewage-derived organic matters and those of seawater were associated with the activities of marine-originated organisms. Sterol levels in the sediments were both from the sewage input through stream-water and the marine- originated organisms. This survey suggests that the main source/route of sewage-derived organic matters in Masan Bay is the input of stream-water into the bay.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.48.3-49
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• 2017

Interplanetary space of the solar system contains a large number of dust particles, referred to as Interplanetary Dust Particles (IDPs) cloud complex. They are observable through meteors and zodiacal lights. The relative contribution of possible sources to the IDPs cloud complex was an controversial topic, however, recent research (Yang & Ishiguro, 2015 and references therein) suggested a dominance of cometary origin. In this study, we numerically investigated the orbital evolution of cometary dust particles, with special concerns on different evolutionary tracks and its consequences according to initial orbits, size and particle shape. The effect of dust particle density and initial size-frequency distribution (SFD) were not decisive in total cloud complex mass and mass supply rate, when these physical quantities are confined by observed zodiacal light brightness and dust particle SFD at 1 au. We noticed that, if we assume the existence of fluffy aggregates discovered in the Earth's stratosphere and the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the required mass supply rate decreases significantly. We also found out that close encounters with planets (mostly Jupiter) are the dominating factor of the orbital evolution of dust particles, as the result, the lifetime of cometary dust particles are shorter than Poynting-Robertson lifetime (around 250 thousand years). As another consequence of severe close encounters, only a small fraction of cometary dust particles can be transferred into the orbit < 1 au. This effect is significant for large size particles of ${\beta}$ < 0.01. The exceptional cases are dust particles ejected from 2P/Encke and active asteroids. Because they rarely encounter with Jupiter, most dust particles ejected from those objects are governed by Poynting-Robertson effect and well transferred into the orbits of small semimajor axis. In consideration of the above effects, we directly estimated probability of mutual collisions between dust particles and concluded that mutual collisions in the IDPs cloud complex is mostly ignorable, except for the case of large sized particles from active asteroids.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.328-330
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• 2002

Large balloon angio catheter is used for Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplsty(TPA) of the iliac, femoral and renal arteries as well as after Transjugular Intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS). The use of angioplasty balloon filled with liquid form of radioisotope reduces the rate of restenosis after PTA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the absorbed dose to the target vessels from various sized large balloon filled with liquid form of Ho-166-DTPA. Four balloons of balloon dilatation catheters evaluated were 5, 6, 8 and 10 mm in diameter. GafChromic film was used for the estimation of the absorbed dose near the surface of the balloon catheters. Absorbed dose rates are plotted in units of Gy/min/GBq/ml as a function of radial distance in mm from the surface of balloon. The absorbed dose rate was 1.1, 1.6, 2.2 and 2.3 Gy/min/GBq/ml at a balloon surface, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 Gy/min/GBq/ml at 1 mm depth for various balloon diameter 5, 6, 8 and 10 mm in diameter respectively. The study was conducted to estimate the absorbed doses to the vessels from various sized large balloons filled with liquid form of Ho-166-DTPA for clinical trial of radiation therapy after the PTA. The absorbed dose distribution of Ho-166 appeared to be nearly ideal for vascular irradiation since beta range is very short avoiding unnecessary radiation to surrounding normal tissues.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2016

대용량 전력저장용 황화나트륨 기반의 전지를 개발함에 있어서 베타 알루미나 고체 전해질 튜브와 알파 알루미나 셀 캡 간의 물리적 접합을 위해서는 세라믹-세라믹 접합용 씰링 글라스 후막 페이스트가 필요하다. 본고에서는 글라스 프릿 분말의 입도, 열처리 조건이 씰링 글라스의 열처리 후 미세구조 특히 기공율과 그 분포에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 씰링 글라스 분말의 입자가 클수록 열처리 후의 글라스의 미세 조직상에서의 기공율 및 기공의 수가 감소하였으며, 열처리 온도가 증가 할수록 기공의 수가 감소하는 반면 기공의 크기는 증가함을 확인하였다. 이로써 글라스 씰란트의 제조에 있어서, 글라스 페이스트용 글라스 프릿 분말의 입자 크기와 씰링 열처리 온도의 적절한 선정에 의해 글라스 씰링부의 미세구조에서 기공율과 기공의 분포 및 기공의 수를 제어할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.389-394
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• 1998

Cyclosporine (CsA) is a major immunosuppressive drug used widely to prevent organ allograft rejection. fits potential organotoxicity by prolonged use is known to cause both direct tissue damage and indirect pharmacokinetic interactions with other drugs. This study was performed to determine the effect of nicardipine (NCP) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA in Sprague-Dawley rats. Each rat was administered with CsA in saline-treated group or in NCP-treated group which was pretreated with NCP (5 mg/kg/12 hours, i.p.) for 6 days. The plasma CsA concentration were analyzed by reversed HPLC: UV system at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after bolus injection of CsA (10 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean$\pm$ SD, n=7) such as initial plasma concentration (C(0)), mean residence time (MRT), steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss), terminal half-life (t$\frac{1}{2}$($\beta$)) and plasma clearance (CLp) of CsA in each groups (saline-group vs NCP-group) were determined as follows: C(0) (5.66$\pm$ 1.98 vs 17.98$\pm$2.36, p<0.01); Vdss (2.68$\pm$ 1.6 vs 0.94 $\pm$ 0.25, p<0.01); CLp (0.53 $\pm$0.18 vs 0.21 $\pm$0.06, p<0.01). Therefore, Our results indicate that nicardipine significantly affects the pharmacokinetic parameters of cyclosporme, especially C(0), Vdss, and CLp in NCP-treated group. We suggest that the significant pharmacokinetic interaction between cyclosporine and nicardipine should be considered and cyclosporine level should be closely monitored and dosage reduction made as necessary in clinical situation that was coadministered with CsA and NCP.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.541-560
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• 2017

In this research, experimental and numerical simulations were adopted to investigate the effects of ligament angle on compressive strength and failure mode of rock-like material specimens containing two non-coplanar filled fissures under uniaxial compression. The experimental results show that with the increase of ligament angle, the compressive strength decreases to a nadir at the ligament angle of $60^{\circ}$, before increasing to the maximum at the ligament angle of $120^{\circ}$, while the elastic modulus is not obviously related to the ligament angle. The shear coalescence type easily occurred when ${\alpha}$ < ${\beta}$, although having the same degree difference between the angle of ligament and fissure. Numerical simulations using $PFC^{2D}$ were performed for flawed specimens under uniaxial compression, and the results are in good consistency with the experimental results. By analyzing the crack evolution process and parallel bond force field of rock-like material specimen containing two non-coplanar filled fissures, we can conclude that the coalescence and propagation of crack are mainly derived from parallel bond force, and the crack initiation and propagation also affect the distribution of parallel bond force. Finally, the displacement vectors in ligament region were used to identify the type of coalescence, and the results coincided with that obtained by analyzing parallel bond force field. These experimental and numerical results are expected to improve the understanding of the mechanism of flawed rock engineering structures.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.261-273
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• 2017

Fine dust (FD) particles have become a major contributor to air pollution causing detrimental effects on the respiratory system and skin. Although some studies have investigated the effects of FD on the respiratory system, their possible effects on the skin remain under-explored. We investigated the FD mediated inflammatory responses in keratinocytes, present in the outer layers of skin tissues and the transfer of inflammatory potential to macrophages. We further evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the polyphenolic derivative, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) isolated from Ishige okamurae against FD-induced inflammation. Size distribution of FD particles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. FD particles induced the production of cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 ($PGE_2$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 in HaCaT keratinocytes and the expression of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), $PGE_2$, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Further, we evaluated the inflammatory potential of the culture medium of inflammation-induced HaCaT cells in RAW 264.7 macrophages and observed a marked increase in the expression of NO, iNOS, $PGE_2$, and proinflammatory cytokines. DPHC treatment markedly attenuated the inflammatory responses, indicating its effectiveness in suppressing a broad range of inflammatory responses. It also showed anti-inflammatory potential in in-vivo experiments using FD-stimulated zebrafish embryos by decreasing NO and reactive oxygen species production, while eventing cell death caused by inflammation.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2005

Objectives : Applying herbal-acupuncture using Ursi Fet into Zusanli (UZ) on to the atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice to study changes in external dermal formation, change of leukocytes in vasculature, change of lipid formation in stratum corneum and distribution of ceramide. This study was done through forcing an injury to the mice's back skin which damages the lipid protection formation in the stratum corneum. Methods : The AD which was caused intentionally using the external application on the mice's back skin was treated with VB; the change of leukocytes in the vasculature was identified through optima 5.2 and Student's t-test and the results were made into a dermal formation graph. Results : After dispensing UZ into the AD, the dermal injury decreased. The recovery of the lipid protection formation which includes lipid and ceramide in the stratum comeum (for suppressing acute inflammation due to factors such as PKC, $TNF-\alpha,\;IL-1\beta$, which controlled the secretion of the relating inflammatory cytokine) also went on to show a decrease of both angiogenesis and degranulated mast cells. In addition, the decrease of epithelial injury also caused the growth of cells to decrease in the stratum basale and cytoclasis. In the vasculature, the leukocytes were also decreased na this could relate to a decrease in AD. Conclusions : UZ has an effect on AD by suppressing dermal injury through the recovery of the lipid protection formation in the stratum corneum.