• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.291-303
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• 2016

The purpose of this study has been done to identify the influencing factors on rehabilitation motive of stroke patients. A sample of 138 stroke patients in Long-term Care and rehabilitation hospitals completed questionnaires through face - to - face interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. Rehabilitation motive of stroke pacients was correlated with empowerment (r=.467, p<.001), but not with perceived stress(r=.-.186, p=.029). In a multiple regression, empowerment (${\beta}=.432$, p<.001) and primary care-giver (${\beta}=.175$, p=.023) were associated with rehabilitation motive. These factors attributed to 24% of the total variance in rehabilitation motive. Therefore, the study finding suggests that these significant factors should be considered when developing and implementing convergent care strategies for stroke patients in order to promote their rehabilitation motive.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.456-460
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• 1999

Rates of 1-adamantyl fluoroformate with substituted pyridines ($3-CH_3,\;4-CH_3,\;H,\;3-Cl,\;3,4-(CH_3)_2,\;3,5-(CH_3)_2$) in methanol have been measured by conductometric method at various temperatures and concentrations. The activation parameters (${\Delta}H^{\neq},\;{\Delta}S^{\neq}$) and Hammett reaction constant (${\rho}$) or Bronsted coefficient (${\beta}$) were evaluated from rate constants. The activation entropies are large and negative, and the activation enthalpies are small and positive. The Hammett reaction constant (${\rho}$) and Bronsted coefficient (${\beta}$) values were -4.15 and 0.63, respectively. From the above results, it may be concluded that this reaction proceeds to a concerted displacement mechanism in methanol.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.503-507
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• 1998

Percutaneous absorption and model membrane variations of melationin (MT) in aqueous-based propylene glycol and $2-hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin $vehicles were investigatted. the excised hairless mouse skin (HMS) and two synthetic ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and microporous polyethylene (MPE) were selected as a model membrane. the solubility of MT was determined by phase equilibrium study. the vertical $Franz{\circledR}$ type cell was used for diffusion study. The concentration of MT was determined using reverse phse HPLC system. The MT solubility was the highest in a mixture of PG and $2-HP{\beta}CD$. The percutaneous absorption of MT through excised HMS increased as the solubility increased. However, the permeability coefficient decreased and then slightly increased in mixture of PG and $2-HP{\beta}CD$. On the other hand, both flux and permeability coefficient through EVA membrane decreased as the solubility increased. No MT was detected over 12 h after starting diffusion through MPE membrane. The flux of MT was dependent on the type of membrane selected. Flux of MT was greatest in excised HMS followed by EBA and MPE membrane. Flux of MT through EVA membrane was 5-20 times lower when compared to excised HMS. Interestingly, volumes of donor phase when MPE membrane was used, significantly increased during the study period. the HMS might be applicable to expect plasma concentration of MT in human subjects based on flux and pharmacokinetic parameters as studied previously. the current studies may be applied to deliver MT transdermally using aqueous-based vehicles and to fabricate MT dosage forms.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.744-754
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• 2004

In this paper, a polarity based blind watermarking method considering wavelet coefficients modification is proposed. In this proposed method, we use an asymmetric thresholds watermarking(ATW) in which detection threshold is higher than inserting threshold in order to enhance watermark detection ratio in attacked images. Also, in order to reduce errors in the detected value of watermarks according to small changes in the coefficient values when detecting watermarks, it set the range for movement variation of the coefficients and lowered the sensitivity of variation by ignoring the variations that fall into this range. For this purpose, the polarity preservation threshold $\beta$ was set and a watermark was detected based on the polarity only for the difference that was larger than $\beta$. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good quality and is robust to various attacks such as the JPEG lossy compression, noise addition, cropping, blurring, etc.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1181-1191
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• 2013

This study have implemented finding the optimal water temperature parameter set for Hapcheon dam reservoir using CE-QUAL-W2 model. In particular the sensitivity analysis was carried out for four water temperature parameters of wind sheltering coefficient (WSC), radiation heat coefficient (BETA), light extinction coefficient (EXH2O), heat exchange coefficient at the channel bed (CBHE). Firstly, WSC, BETA, EXH2O shows relatively high sensitivity in common during April to September, and CBHE does during August to November. Secondly, as a result of identifying depth range of parameter influence, BETA and EXH2O show 0~9 m and 8~14 m which is thermocline layer close to water surface, CBHE is deep layer 12 m away from bottom. Finally, applying annual or monthly optimal parameter sets indicates that the bias between two sets does not show much differences for WSC and CBHE parameters, but BETA and EXH2O parameters show $0.20^{\circ}C$ and $0.51^{\circ}C$ of monthly average biases for two parameter sets. In particular the bias reveals to be $0.4^{\circ}C$ and $1.09^{\circ}C$ during May and August that confirms the necessity of use of monthly parameters during that season. It is claimed that the current operational custom use of annual parameters in calibration of reservoir water quality model requires the improvement of using monthly parameters.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 1985

To evaluate change of serum $beta_2-microglobulin$ concentration$(s\beta_2-MG)$ and the usefulness of $s\beta_2-MG$ and $s\beta_2-MG/serum$ creatinine concentration(sCr) ratio in various renal diseases, $s\beta_2-MG$ and sCr were measured in 25 normal controls and 90 patients of various renal diseases(16 cases of glomerulonephritis, 12 cases of acute renal failure, 8 cases of chronic renal failure, 24 cases of nephrotic syndrome, 15 cases of tubulointerstitial diseases and 15 cases of lupus nephritis) using $Phadebas^\circledR$ $Beta_2-Micro$ Test kits. The results were as follows; 1) In normal control, the mean value of $s\beta_2-MG$ was $1.65{\pm}0.41mg/l$ and the mean value of $s\beta_2-MG/sCr$ ratio was $0.14{\pm}0.05$. 2) In various renal diseases, the mean value of $s\beta_2-MG$ was $6.74{\pm}5.47mg/l$. The mean value of $s\beta_2-MG/sCr$ ratio was $0.24{\pm}0.11$ and significantly elevated than that of normal control. (p<0.05) 3) The correlation between $s\beta_2-MG$ and sCr in glomerular and tubulointerstitial disease was log $s\beta_2-MG-0.90$ log sCr-0.48 and its correlation coefficient was 0.78(p<0.05). 4) In glomerular disease, the correlation between $s\beta_2-MG$ and sCr was log $s\beta_2-MG-0.89$ log sCr-0.46(r - 0.76) and in tubulointerstitial disease, it was log, $s\beta2-MG-0.95$ log sCr-0.59 (r-0.87). There was no significant difference between the two groups(p<0.05). 5) Among 32 cases of glomerular and tubulointerstitial disease patients, whose sCr was within normal range, 17 cases showed elevated $s\beta_2-MG$. The mean values of $s\beta_2-MG/sCr$ ratio in these patients was $0.30{\pm}0.14$ and significantly elevated than that of normal control(p<0.05). 6) In 15 cases of lupus nephritis, 12 cases showed elevated $s\beta_2-MG$ with normal sCr and 12 cases showed elevated $s\beta_2-MG/sCr$ ratio. With above results, it was found that the $s\beta_2MG$ can be used as an index of glomerular filtration rate as in the case of sCr and that $s\beta_2-MG/sCr$ ratio can be used as a tool in early detection of slightly decreased glomerular filtration rate and in detection of the renal disease of increased $\beta_2-MG$ production.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 2010

Glass-ceramics were fabricated by heat-treatment of glass obtained by melting a coal bottom ash with $Li_2O$ addition. The main crystal grown in the glass-ceramics, containing 10 wt% $Li_2O$, was $\beta$-spodumene solid solution, while in $Li_2O$ 20 wt% specimen was mullite, identified using XRD. The activation energy and Avrami constant for crystallization were calculated and showed that bulk crystallization behavior will be predominant, and this expectation agreed with the microstructural observations. The crystal phase grown in $Li_2O$ 10 wt% glass-ceramics had a dendrite-like shaped whereas the shape was flake-like in the 20 wt% case. The thermal expansion coefficient of the $Li_2O$ 10 wt% glass-ceramics was lower than that of the glass having the same composition, owing to the formation of a $\beta$-spodumene phase. For example, the thermal expansion coefficient of $Li_2O$ 10 wt% glass-ceramics was $20\times10^{-7}$, which is enough for application in various heat-resistance fields. But above 20 wt% $Li_2O$, the thermal coefficient expansion of glass-ceramics, on the contrary, was higher than that of the same composition glass, due to formation of mullite.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.11c
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• pp.853-855
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• 1998

The electrical resistivity and mechanical properties of the hot-pressed and annealed ${\beta}$-SiC+39vol.%$ZrB_2$ electroconductive ceramic composites were investigated as a function of the liquid forming additives of $Al_{2}O_{3}+Y_{2}O_{3}$(6:4wt%). In this microstructures. no reactions were observed between $\beta$-SiC and $ZrB_2$, and the relative density is over 97.6% of the theoretical density. Phase analysis of composites by XRD revealed mostly of a $\alpha$-SiC(6H, 4H), $ZrB_2$ and weakly $\beta$-SiC(15R) phase. The fracture toughness decreased with increased $Al_{2}O_{3}+Y_{2}O_{3}$ contents and showed the highest for composite added with 4wt% $Al_{2}O_{3}+Y_{2}O_{3}$ additives. The electrical resistivity increased with increased $Al_{2}O_{3}+Y_{2}O_{3}$ contents because of the increasing tendency of pore formation according to amount of liquid forming additives $Al_{2}O_{3}+Y_{2}O_{3}$. The electrical resistivity of composites is all positive temperature coefficient resistance(PTCR) against temperature up to $700^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.290-301
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors on turnover intention of nurses in long-term care hospitals. Methods: Data were collected from 210 nurses in 11 long-term care hospitals in B city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. Results: Turnover intention was significantly correlated with emotional labor(r=.35, p<.001) and job involvement (r=-.38, p<.001). In a multiple regression, emotional labor (${\beta}=.31$, p<.001), age (${\beta}=-.27$, p<.001), job satisfaction (${\beta}=.24$, p<.001), job involvement (${\beta}=-.23$, p<.001), and number of patients assigned(${\beta}=.14$, p=.009) were associated with turnover intention. These factors attributed to 41.2% of the total variance in turnover intention. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, proactive educational and/or human resource management interventions need to be developed especially for those younger nurses in order to reduce emotional labor as well as to promote job satisfaction and job involvement of nurses in long-term care hospitals.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.374-382
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• 2012

Purpose: The study was done to influence of family function and degree of depression on impulsive behavior in adolescents. Method: Using convenience sampling 780 adolescents were recruited from October 29 and November 9, 2011. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires which included items on general characteristics, family function, depression, and impulsive behavior. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The major findings of this study were as follow; 1) There was a significant negative relationship between family function and impulsive behavior (r=-.236, p<.001) and a positive relationship between depression and impulsive behavior (r=.342, p<.001). 2) Factors with a significant negative association with impulsive behavior were higher school records (${\beta}$=-.112, p<.001) and family function: positive resolution of family problems (${\beta}$=-.213, p=.008), while a significant positive association was found for unsatisfactory school life (${\beta}$=.103, p=.016), family function: emotional reactivity (${\beta}$=.159, p=.028), and depression (${\beta}$=.301, p<.001). These variables explained 20.1% of variance for impulsive behavior. Conclusion: The results of this study identify a relationship between family function, depression, and impulsive behavior in adolescents indicating variables to be addressed to reduce impulsive behavior. These variables can be used in developing intervention programs.