• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 1992년도 자외선 차단 화장품의 SPF에 관한 심포지움(대한화장품학회)
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• pp.97-114
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• 1992

In these days sun products are developed and produced by the cosmetic scientists in the world. Peoples need strongly to protect themselves from the hazardous UV rays dued to the destruction of ozone layer. Therfore, we, cosmetic scientists must have an effort to produce the more effective goods. In this article the market survey of sun-products as well as the currency of sunscreen agents was investigated. It was found that Benzophenone - 3 and Ocytyl methoxy cinnamate were widely used. The lotions, using Benzophenone - 3 as the chemical agents, and TiO$_2$and micro TiO$_2$ as the physical agents, were measured the UV-Spectrum in the Dilution and Application method. Photoprotective activity of chemical agents can usually be measured in solution state. However, that of the insoluble physical agents such as TiO$_2$is hardly measured in this state. Photoprotective ability of the insoluble physical agents was able to be measured by application of lotions to the surface of UV cells. It was found by this method that micro TiO$_2$showd stronger UV scattering effect than TiO$_2$in this method.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.386-391
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the effects of adding 4,4'-bis(N,N-diethylamino) benzophenone (DEABP) as a co-initiator to a binary photoinitiating system (camphorquinone-amine) to analyze on the degree of conversion (DC) of a light-cured resin for dental 3D printing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cylindrical specimens (N=60, n=30 per group, ${\phi}5mm{\times}1mm$) were fabricated using bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA) both with and without DEABP. The freshly mixed resins were exposed to light in a custom-made closed chamber with nine light-emitting diode lamps (wavelength: 405 nm; power: $840mW/cm^2$) for polymerization at each incidence of light-irradiation at 10, 30, 60, 180, and 300 seconds, while five specimens at a time were evaluated at each given irradiation point. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to measure the DC values of the resins. Two-way analysis of variance and the Duncan post hoc test were used to analyze statistically significant differences between the groups and given times (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. In the DEABP-containing resin, the DC values were significantly higher at all points in time (P<.001), and also the initial polymerization velocity was faster than in the DEABP-free resin. CONCLUSION. The addition of DEABP significantly enhanced the DC values and, thus, could potentially become an efficient photoinitiator when combined with a camphorquinone-amine system and may be utilized as a more advanced photopolymerization system for dental 3D printing.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2007

The effects of high energy short wave solar radiation on human skin have received much publicity as the major cause of accelerated skin ageing and of skin cancers. To meet public demand, the cosmetic industry has developed sun protection factor products, which contain a variety of so-called "UV filters", among others benzophenone (BP) and its metabolites are the widely used UV filters. UV filters are also used to prevent UV light from damaging scents and colors in a variety of cosmetics products and to protect of plastic products against light-induced degradation. There are many variants of BP in use. In this respect, to regulate and to evaluate the hazardous effect of BP-type UV filters will be important to environment and human health. The genotoxicity of 7 BP-type UV filters was evaluated in L5178Y $(tk^{+/-})$ mouse lymphoma cells in vitro. BP, benzhydrol, 4-hydroxybenzophenone 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 2, 4-dihydroxybenzophenone did not induce significant mutation frequencies both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system. 2, 2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone appeared the positive results at the highest dose, i.e. 120.4 ${\mu}g/mL$ only in the absence of metabolic activation system. And also, 2, 3, 4-trihydroxybenzophenone revealed a significant increase of mutation frequencies in the range of 138.1-207.2 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the absence of metabolic activation system and 118.3-354.8 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the presence of metabolic activation system. Through the results of MLA with 7 BP-type UV filters in L5178Y cells in vitro, we may provide the important clues on the genotoxic potentials of these BP-type UV filters.

• 공업화학
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.843-850
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• 1994

$[NP(OC_6H_5)_{1.7}(OC_6H_4P(Ph)_2$=$CHCH_2CH_2CH_3)_{0.3}]_n$과 같은 포스파젠 고분자에 부착된 Wittig 시약을 $[NP(OC_6H_5)_{1.7}(OC_6H_4Br)_{0.3}]_n$에 n-butyllithium, diphenylchlorophosphine, 그리고 n-butyl iodide 등으로 처리하여 만들었다. 고분자의 반응들은 [$NP(OC_6H_5)_5(OC_6H_4P(Ph)_2$)]와 같은 고리형 삼중체를 이용한 모델반응 조건들을 고려해 이루어졌다. 포스파젠 고분자에 부착된 Wittig 시약과 benzophenone을 반응시켜 원하는 알켄과 고분자에 부착된 phosphine oxide를 성공적으로 만들었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1209-1210
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• 2007

• 분석과학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2012

낙동강 수계는 중 상류 지역에 대규모 공단이 입지하고 있어 그동안 phenol, 1,4-dioxane, perchlorate 등 유해물질에 의한 수질오염사고가 많이 발생하였다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강 수계에 유출 가능성이 있는 미규제 유해물질 중 반휘발성유기화합물질(semi-volatile organic compoumsds, SVOCs) 10종(dichlorvos, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, 4,4'-methylenedianiline, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthaltate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, benzophenone, 4,4'-bisphenol A)에 대하여 디스크형 고상 추출법과 GC/MS를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 정확도 75.6~110.5%, 정밀도 4.6~12.7%, 회수율 72.4~127.9%의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 낙동강 수계에 위치한 하 폐수처리장 및 폐수배출업소 등 공장폐수 시료를 분석한 결과 bis (2-ethylhexyl)adipate, benzophenone, 4,4'-bisphenol A 등 3개 물질이 검출되었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1989

Seven 2, 3-diphenyl-5-methoxyindole derivatives were synthesized. The effect of structural variation of these molecules on biological activities was examined. None of the tested compounds was found to be toxic up 5 gm/Kg body weight. Four compounds demonstrated smooth muscle relaxant effects and one showed a persistent hypotensive effect. Only the parent compound, 2, 3-diphenyl-5-methoxyindole, showed a significant analgesic effect.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2006

폴리이미드는 높은 열안정성, 우수한 기계적, 전기적 성질을 가지고 있어 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔지만, 대부분의 유기용매에 불용인 관계로 그 용도가 제한되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 방향족 디아민인 2,2,-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (BAPAF)와 3,3,-diamino-4,4- dihydroxybyphenyl (HAB)를 사용하고 방향족 디안하이드라이드인 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic dianhydride (6FDA), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,4-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (OPDA), 3,3,4,4-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) 및 3,3,4,4-diphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DSDA)를 사용하여 가용성 폴리이미드를 합성하였다. 폴리이미드의 성질은 NMR, FR-IR 및 TGA를 이용하여 조사하였으며, 유전상수는 축전용량을 측정하여 계산하였다. 히드록시기를 포함한 폴리이미드와 methacryloyl chloride를 반응시켜 감광성 폴리이미드를 합성하고, photolithography기술을 이용하여 micro-패턴을 형성하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.373-377
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• 1994

본 연구는 Aliquat 336 상이동 촉매하에서 디페닐메탄을 산화시켜 벤조페논을 합성하는 반응의 메카니즘을 고찰한 것이다. 벤조페논의 생성속도는 Aliquat 336 촉매와 potassium tert-butoxide의 양이 많을수록 증가하였고, 반응의 부산물인 tert-butyl alcohol은 반응을 억제하였다 반응차수는 디페닐메탄과 산소의 농도가 낮을 때는 각각에 대하여 1차로 나타났고, 이들의 농도가 높을 때는 0차로 나타났다. 실험으로 측정한 벤조페논의 초기반응속도는 반응 메카니즘으로부터 유도한 다음의 반응 속도식과 비교적 잘 일치하였다. $$({\gamma}_{BP})_0={\frac{k_1k_3k_5[QCI]_0[DPM]_0[PTB]_0[O_2]_0}{k_2k_4[TBA]_0+k_2k_5[O_2]_0+k_3k_5[O_2]_0[DPM]_0}}$$

• 공업화학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 1991

폴리이미드의 전구체인 폴리아믹산을 benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA)와 4, 4'-diamino diphenyl methane (MDA) 혹은 MDA와 3, 3'-dimethyl benzidine (OTB)의 혼합디아민과 용액축중합반응에 의하여 합성하였다. 반응용매로는 m-cresol과 m-cresol/xylene의 혼합용매를 사용하였다. TGA 분석 결과 폴리이미드 필름은 초기분해 온도가 $540^{\circ}C-590^{\circ}C$의 범위로서 내열성이 우수하였다. DSC 분석으로 중합체의 유리전이온도는 $340^{\circ}$ 이상임을 확인하였다. 폴리이미드 필름은 양호한 기계적, 전기적 물성값을 갖는 시료에서 인장강도가 $16Kg/mm^2$ 이상이었고, 절연파괴전압이 200 KV/mm 정도였다. 대체로 MDA 만을 디아민으로 사용한 단일중합체보다 MDA/OTB 공중합체의 물성이 우수하였고, m-cresol에서 합성한 중합체보다 m-cresol/xylene 혼합용매계에서 합성한 중합체의 물성값이 우수하였다.