• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.97-103
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• 2017

In this study, the functional hydrogel ophthalmic lens containing tungsten oxide nanoparticles, 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy) benzophenone were manufactured. HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), MMA (methyl methacrylate), AA(acrylic acid), the cross-linker EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), the initiator AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) and the functional additives including tungsten oxide nanoparticles, 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone, and 2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy) benzophenone were used respectively. The measurements of water content and refractive index of the sample was decreased and increased, respectively. And also, the UV transmittance of produced lens containing 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy) benzophenone and tungsten oxide nanoparticles was measured. Based on the results of this study, it is judged that the performance improvement increased over time when 2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy) benzophenone was used as an additive, while the use of tungsten oxide nanoparticles influenced on blue-ray-blocking effect of the hydrophilic lens.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.53-61
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• 1998

The absorptions of ultraviolet rays of benzophenone derivatives were investigated in terms of the position of substituent, especially hydroxyl group. When the derivatives were added to the aqueous solution of Rhodamin B, which has very low light-fastness, all of them delayed the photofading of Rhodamin B solution. But on the fabrics, only the derivatives with the hydroxyl group at 2-position showed the good ability of ultraviolet rays absorption. The benzophenone derivatives absorb ultraviolet rays to form a hydrogen bond between hydroxyl group and carbonyl group, and return to their original structure by releasing heat energy. In solution, the derivatives can form a intermolecular hydrogen bond, and absorb the ultraviolet rays. But on the fabric, the intermolecular hydrogen bond is impossible, only hydroxyl group of 2-position forms a intramolecular hydrogen bond, and that makes the derivatives on the fabric absorb ultraviolet rays.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

HEMA, AA, MMA, and EGDMA as crosslinking agent and AIBN as an initiator, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-ethylhexyl-trans-4-methoxy-cinnamate, 2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy)benzophenone as additives at 0.1-1.0% ratios were used to manufacture hydrophilic ophthalmic lenses through thermal polymerization before their physical properties were measured. The results showed that the samples containing of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2-ethylhexyl-trans-4-methoxy-cinnamate resulted in a decrease of the UV blocking performance after high-pressure sterilization whereas the sample containing 2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy)benzophenone showed no change in the UV blocking performance. It is judged that this is induced by presence or absence of an acyl functional group in benzophenone.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.133-137
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• 2010

New synthetic route and characterization of alkyl-capped nanocrystalline silicon (R-n-Si) were achieved from the reaction of silicon tetrachloride with sodium/benzophenone ketal reducing agent followed by n-butyllithium. Surface of silicon nanoparticles was derivatized with butyl group. Effect of oxidation of silicon nanoparticle with benzophenone was investigated for their stabilization. Optical characteristics of silicon nanoparticles were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Butyl-capped silicon nanoparticles exhibited an emission band at 410 nm with excitation wavelength of 360 nm. Average size of n-butyl-capped silicon nanoparticles was obtained by particle size analyzer (PSA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Average size of n-butyl-capped Si nanoparticles was about 6.5 nm.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.505-512
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• 2013

Objectives: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation may cause skin cancer, photo-ageing, erythema, and sunburn. Benzophenone (BP) is commonly used to protect skin from UV radiation. In Korea, sunscreen, sunblock, socalled 'blemish balm' (BB) and 'color correcting' (CC) creams, and foundation may contain from 0.5 to 5% benzophenone in order to protect skin from UV radiation. The purpose of this study is to understand the levels of benzophenone derivatives in urine among a group of university students and identify the contribution of cosmetics use. Methods: Forty volunteers (20 women and 20 men) were asked about skin type, frequency of use of cosmetics, and recognition of related health effects, etc. in a survey. Subjects were divided into several subgroups and were compared for concentration of benzophenone-1 (BP-1) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3). Their urine was pretreated with enzyme hydrolysis and solid phase extraction. Determinations of BP-1 and BP-3 in the urine were made with LC-MS/MS. Results: Among the study subjects, 82.5% used basic cosmetics at least once per day, and 77.5% used sunscreens at least once per day. The concentrations of BP-1 and BP-3 of the males were 4.36 ng/mL and 9.16 ng/mL, respectively. Those of the females were 3.98 ng/mL and 5.07 ng/mL, respectively. The use of cosmetics was positively related to urinary benzophenone levels. Conclusions: BP-1 and BP-3 were widely detected among the university students. Cosmetic use was identified as a potential source. Implications of such exposure deserve further investigation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.622-627
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to investigate the adsorption rate, adsorption quantities and the UV-Cut effects of cotton fabrics treated with several UV absorbents. The result of this study were as follows: cotton fabric treated with 2,2'-dihydroxy-4- methoxy-benzophenone shows more efficient than ones treated with 4-aminobenzoic acid and 2·hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone in UV absorption. This may be due to the absorption of UV light by formation of intra moleculaar hydrogen bond. The formation of hydrogen bonds between hydrogen atoms of two hydroxy groups and one oxygen atom of carboxyl group in 2, 2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone would be easier than that of the other absorbents. The adsorption isotherms of 4-aminobenzoic acid and 2-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone were similar to Freundlich type, while that of 2, 2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone was Henry type. Cotton fabrics treated with Antifade MC-100 and W Cut I-2 were just alike in UV absorption, but Antifade 8001 was inferior to the others.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2011

This study was done for the preparation of macromolecular material with UV-blocking features by adding the benzophenone group that is commonly used as a UV-absorbent and $TiO_2$ which is known to be a very stable material in chemical and physical aspects. Also, we compared the level of UV absorbency of the polymer produced from polymerization with previous materials and measured basic properties such as water content, refractive index and optical transmittance of produced contact lenses. The results of the measurement showed that the refractive index and water content of the contact lens with added UV-absorbent was 1.430~1.440 and 35.0~45.0% respectively, which was similar to that of previous contact lenses. Also, for optical transmittances of each wave length, contact lenses without the UV-absorbent was 89%, 88% and 89% respectively for UV-A, UV-B and visible light, indicating that the UV transmittance is very high though contrary with cases of contact lenses with added 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone and 2,4-dihydroxy-benzophenone which showed transmittances of 0% and 6% respectively for UV-A and UV-B showing a UV-blocking effect. Meanwhile, contact lenses with added $TiO_2$ showed transmittance of 6% and 51% respectively for UV-A and UV-B also showing a UV-blocking effect. The visible transmittance was 77~89% showing that it satisfies the visible transmittance required for ophthalmological materials.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.1169-1174
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• 1999

2-Diazo-1-naphthoquinone-5-sulfonyl chloride(NQD-Cl) was synthesized from sodium 2-diazo-naphthoquinone-5-sulfonate by chlorination. NQD-Cl was esterified with hydroxybenzophenones to give several 1,2-naphthoquinone-(2)-diazide-5-sulfonic acid ester derivatives(NQD-esters). We have compared benzophenone derivatives with methoxy group to benzophenone derivatives with hydroxy group. Solubility of each NQD-ester was studied. Each of NQD-esters was formulated with novolac base resin and PS plates were manufactured. Photosensitivity, bleachability, compatible exposed time and relative sensitivity were determined by UV spectrophotometry, imaged by UV lithographic techniques, and the gray scale method. According to the number of substituted NQD group, it showed that relative sensitivity was different from gray scale method. NQD-esters with methoxy group showed a good solubility and higher sensitivity than commercial PS ones.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.217-222
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• 2006

Polyimides have been investigated extensively and used widely over the past three decades because of their high performance properties such as excellent thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. Polyimides are difficult to be processed because of the aromatic moieties, imide group, and insoluble nature in most organic solvents. The soluble polyimides were synthesized from 2,2,-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (BAPAF) and 3,3,-diamino-4,4-dihydroxybyphenyl (HAB) as aromatic diamines and 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic dianhydride (6FDA), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,4-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (OPDA), 3,3,4,4-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and 3,3,4,4-diphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DSDA) as aromatic dianhydrides. The polyimides were characterized by NMR, FR-IR, TGA and the dielectric constant of the obtained polyimides was calculated from storage of electro-capacity. A novel photosensitive polyimide was synthesized by the reaction of polyimide, containing hydroxyl group and methacryloyl chloride using triethylamine. The good micro-pattern was obtained with photosensitive polyimide from the photolithographic technique.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.386-391
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the effects of adding 4,4'-bis(N,N-diethylamino) benzophenone (DEABP) as a co-initiator to a binary photoinitiating system (camphorquinone-amine) to analyze on the degree of conversion (DC) of a light-cured resin for dental 3D printing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cylindrical specimens (N=60, n=30 per group, ${\phi}5mm{\times}1mm$) were fabricated using bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA) both with and without DEABP. The freshly mixed resins were exposed to light in a custom-made closed chamber with nine light-emitting diode lamps (wavelength: 405 nm; power: $840mW/cm^2$) for polymerization at each incidence of light-irradiation at 10, 30, 60, 180, and 300 seconds, while five specimens at a time were evaluated at each given irradiation point. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to measure the DC values of the resins. Two-way analysis of variance and the Duncan post hoc test were used to analyze statistically significant differences between the groups and given times (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. In the DEABP-containing resin, the DC values were significantly higher at all points in time (P<.001), and also the initial polymerization velocity was faster than in the DEABP-free resin. CONCLUSION. The addition of DEABP significantly enhanced the DC values and, thus, could potentially become an efficient photoinitiator when combined with a camphorquinone-amine system and may be utilized as a more advanced photopolymerization system for dental 3D printing.