• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.559-565
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• 2003

An analytical method the determination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and its hydroxylated metabolites, 1-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (1-OHBaP), 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-OHBaP), benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-dihydrodiol (4,5-diolBaP) and benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol (7,8-diolBaP), in rat urine and plasma has been developed by HPLC/FLD and GC/MS. The derivatization with alkyl iodide was employed to improve the resolution and the detection of two mono hydroxylated metabolites, 1-OHBaP and 3-OHBaP, in LC and GC. BaP and its four metabolites in spiked urine were successfully separated by gradient elution on reverse phase ODS $C_{18}$ column (4.6 mm I.D., 100 mm length, particle size 5 ㎛) using a binary mixture of MeOH/H₂O (85/15, v/v) as mobile phase after ethylation at 90 ℃ for 10 min. The extraction recoveries of BaP and its metabolites in spiked samples with liquid-liquid extraction, which was better than solid phase extraction, were in the range of 90.3- 101.6% in n-hexane for urine and 95.7-106.3% in acetone for plasma, respectively. The calibration curves has shown good linearity with the correlation coefficients (R²) varying from 0.992 to 1.000 for urine and from 0.996 to 1.000 for plasma, respectively. The detection limits of all analytes were obtained in the range of 0.01-0.1 ng/mL for urine and 0.1-0.4 ng/mL for plasma, respectively. The metabolites of BaP were excreted as mono hydroxy and dihydrodiol forms after intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg of BaP to rats. The total amounts of BaP and four metabolites excreted in dosed rat urine were 3.79 ng over the 0-96 hr period from adminstration and the excretional recovery was less than 0.065% of the injection amounts of BaP. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of BaP and its hydroxylated metabolites in rat urine and plasma for the pharmacokinetic studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.178-178
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• 2001

The interaction of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on the frequency of micronuclei (MN) induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BP) in human lymphocytes was examined. A 60 Hz ELF-MF of 0.8 mT field strength was applied for 24 hours either alone or with the tumour initiator, BP. The frequency of MN induced by BP increased in a dose-dependent manner.(omitted)

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.501-507
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out in order to collect the basic data on the standardization of the manufacturing process of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino drying. By the drying methods of R. glutinosa, the content of water, inorganic components, reducing sugar, catalpol and benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene were investigated. The water content was 15.6~17.2% when R. glutinosa was dried by cold-warm air moisture absorption drying method (CAMAD) at $60^{\circ}C$ during 6 days. Among of the inorganic components of R. glutinosa the K content was the most followed by P, Na, Ca and Mg. The reducing sugar content of R. glutinosa by the hot air drying method (HAD) was much more than that by the CAMAD. The catalpol content of R. glutinosa was not different by the drying temperature when it was dried by the CAMAD. The catalpol content of the large size tuber (about 50.0 g/unit) showed a tendency to increase from $60^{\circ}C$ until $70^{\circ}C$ drying temperature, but that of the small size tuber(about 4.0 g/unit) was decreased as being a trend as the drying temperature high when R. glutinosa was dried by the HAD, But the catalpol content R. glutinosa had a tendency to drop significantly at drying temperature above $80^{\circ}C$. The benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene content was little detected when R. glutinosa was dried by both the SLD and the CAMAD, and the sampling by the HAD indicated within the scope of 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ which was the scope to regulate by Korean food and drug administration. In conclusion, it seemed that an appropriate drying temperature of R. glutinosa by the CAMAD and the HAD was about $60^{\circ}C$ and about $70^{\circ}C$, respectively, when we consider the catalpol content and benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene detection in the manufacturing process of drying R. glutinosa.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.133-133
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• 2004

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.314-315
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• 2000

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 1993

A purpose of this study was carried out to investigate the concentrations of four elements of PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in suspended particulate matters of underground shopping stores in Seoul city. The particulate matters were collected at five underground shopping stores(Yongdungpo, Myongdong, Ulchiro, Express Terminal, Chamshil) in the Seoul area during February-October, 1992. Samples were collected using cascade impactor of low volumn air sampler and were analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) with fluorescence detector. Calibration on HPLC analyse is nearly accord with retention time between the standard solution and the samples. Analysed results obtained favorable analysing recovery rate of 97.3% and coefficient of variation of 1.60%. Mean concentrations of suspended particulate matters in five underground shopping stores wre 216.3 g/$m^3$ and observed higher at fine particles(117.2 g/$m^3$) which is respirable particulates than coarse particles(99.2 g/$m^3$). Concentrations of four species PAH were determined with anthracene of 16.8ng/$m^3$, fluoranthene of 72.3ng/$m^3$, benzo(a)pyrene of 0.54ng/$m^3$, and benzo(k)fluoranthene of 0.29ng/$m^3$, respectively. Fluoranthene levels were significantly higher than those levels in other components. PAHs concen-tration at shopping areas showed 21.3ng/$m^3$ in Yongdungpo, 35.1ng/$m^3$ in Myongdong, 23.4ng/$m^3$ in Ulchiro, 11.1ng/$m^3$ in Express Terminal, and 21.4ng/$m^3$ in Chamshil, respectively. Particularly, benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(k)-fluoranthene were detected over 83 percentage in fine particles, while fluoranthene wre highly detected in coarse particles. Also, higher concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene were found in winter while levels of anthracene and fluoranthene were found higher in summer than other seasons.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2002

The effects of Cnidium officinale Makino aqua-acupuncture solution (COMAS) and Cnidium officinale Makino water-extraced solution (COMWS) on the CYP1A1 activity and benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)-DNA adduct formation were examined. There were 6.8%, 12.1%, 15.1%, 18.3% and 22.6% inhibition in the activity of cytochrome 4501A1 enzyme with the treatment of $0.1{\times},\;0.5{\times},\;1{\times},\;3{\times},\;and\;5{\times}$ COMAS, respectively. At concentration of $0.1{\times}$ COMAS, the binding of $[^3H]B[a]P$ metabolites to DNA of NCTC-clone 1469 cell was significantly inhibited by 56.9%. These results suggest that COMAS has chemopreventive potential by inhibiting cytochrome P4501A1 activity and benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.105-116
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• 1995

To investigate genomic changes in c-myc gene by a chemical carcinogen, human lymphoblast NC-37 cells were exposed to benzo(a)pyrene(BP) and dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA), and the c-myc gene expression was evaluated by Northern and Southern blot hybridization techniques. The results are as follows: When the genomic DNA of NC-37 cells exposed to several concentrations(1.25, 2.5 and 5ug/ml) of BP concentration. However, the c-myc gene was most significantly enhanced with 2.5ug/ml of BP. The expressions of c-myc gene in NC-37 cells was stimulated by BP and DMBA. Addition of TPA reduced the gene expression BP-treated cells, whereas it enhanced the gene expression in DMBA-treated cells. The expression of c-H-ras gene was slightly increased by treatment with BP and DMBA alone and in combination with TPA, however the magnitude of increase was not significantly different between each other. The expressions of c-myc c-H-ras genes in Burkitt's lymphoma cells were greater than those in NC-37 cells. When the DNA extracted from NC-37 cells exposed to various concentrations of BP were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using a primer set containing c-myc exon I, the amplified products were of the same size in all groups. To evaluate the BP toxicity in E.coli to which human c-myc gene-cloned pBR322 vector was inserted, Southern blot hybridization was conducted on c-myc genes digested with EcoRI/HindIII and Smal/Xbal restriction enzymes, and observing that in 2 ug/ml BP-treated cells a 3.5kb fragment was generated in addition to 1.3kb fragment which can be observed in normal cells. Direct nucleotide sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction products showed a mutation of G$\longrightarrow$A transition at the Smal recognition site.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate asphalt fumes and PAHs exposure among asphalt road paving workers. Methods: Task-based personal air samplings(n=41) were carried out in 3 asphalt road paving construction sites using PTFE (polytetrafluorethylene) filters for asphalt fume and XAD-2 with glass fiber filters for PAHs. The concentration of fumes and PAHs were showed by four different job(paver finisher operator, paving laborer(raker), macadam roller operator and tire roller operator). Results: The geometric mean(GM) concentration of asphalt fumes as benzene soluble aerosol was highest at paving laborers($42.32{\mu}g/m^3$), followed by in order, paver finisher operators($41.57{\mu}g/m^3$), macadam roller operators($31.9{\mu}g/m^3$), and tire roller operators($30.31{\mu}g/m^3$). The GM of total PAHs concentration was highest at paver finisher operators($37.5{\mu}g/m^3$), followed by in order, paving laborers($20.13{\mu}g/m^3$), tire roller operators($8.66{\mu}g/m^3$), and macadam roller operators($6.23{\mu}g/m^3$). The results of the evaluation of 16 compounds of PAHs showed that the concentrations of naphthalene, achenaphthylene, achenaphthene, pyrene, fluorene and benz (a) anthracene was higher than those of other PAHs compounds and as the carcinogenic substances, benzo(a)pyrene, and debenz(a,h) anthracene were detected. The benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentration(BaPeq) was $2.81{\mu}g/m^3$ at paver finisher operators, $2.07{\mu}g/m^3$ at paving laborers, $0.41{\mu}g/m^3$ at tire roller operators and $0.22{\mu}g/m^3$ at macadam roller operators. Asphalt road paving workers have higher benzo(a)pyrene equivalent(BaPeq) values even though at lower total PAHs concentration than workers in steel pipe coating and tar industry. Conclusions: Asphalt road paving workers were found to have risk of carcinogen exposure due to higher Benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentration(BaPeq) than other PAHs exposure occupations. This study confirmed the carcinogenic hazards among asphalt paving workers.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 2015

With a view to supporting the provisions of the current Korean food code for the detection of Benzo[a]pyrene, various analytical methods of detection in foods were evaluated and established in terms of linearity, limits of detection/quantitation, efficiency, and accuracy, amongst others. It was observed that to improve the technologies involved in the application of these methods, complicated and combined preparation processes of foods, including extraction, separation and purification, have been the main focus of efforts at optimization. Recently, on-site quick reaction for the detection of hazardous substances in the environment and food materials aims at developing simplified examination processes, such as lable-free and non-invasive technological analysis, to reduce the costs and time involved in the examination. Herein, current benzo[a]pyrene detection methods are reviewed in addition to new Raman spectroscopy-based trials established to pursue improve the speed, simplicity and suitability of testing.