• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.79 no.5
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• pp.259-263
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• 2018

A 52-year-old male complained of a painless, firm, and slow-growing mass in his right breast outer portion. The chest CT revealed a 3.3 cm-sized oval shaped, microlobulated, mild enhancing mass. Ultrasound showed a microlobulated marginated heterogeneous hypoechoic mass with internal vascularity and calcifications in the mass. On the ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy, the mass was confirmed as a benign granular cell tumor (GCT). The patient transferred to another hospital and underwent surgical removal of the lesion. GCT of the breast is uncommon and mostly benign neoplasm to originate from Schwann cell. Clinical and radiologic features of GCTs, including CT and ultrasound images, mimic malignancy and make diagnosis of GCT more difficult. The CT images of GCTs are much rarely reported. Physicians and radiologists must be aware of radiologic characteristics of this rare benign tumor for male breast, to avoid misdiagnosis this tumor for breast malignancy and overtreat.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.327-340
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• 2024

Purpose: Results of initial endoscopic biopsy of gastric lesions often differ from those of the final pathological diagnosis. We evaluated whether an artificial intelligence-based gastric lesion detection and diagnostic system, ENdoscopy as AI-powered Device Computer Aided Diagnosis for Gastroscopy (ENAD CAD-G), could reduce this discrepancy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected 24,948 endoscopic images of early gastric cancers (EGCs), dysplasia, and benign lesions from 9,892 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy between 2011 and 2021. The diagnostic performance of ENAD CAD-G was evaluated using the following real-world datasets: patients referred from community clinics with initial biopsy results of atypia (n=154), participants who underwent endoscopic resection for neoplasms (Internal video set, n=140), and participants who underwent endoscopy for screening or suspicion of gastric neoplasm referred from community clinics (External video set, n=296). Results: ENAD CAD-G classified the referred gastric lesions of atypia into EGC (accuracy, 82.47%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 76.46%-88.47%), dysplasia (88.31%; 83.24%-93.39%), and benign lesions (83.12%; 77.20%-89.03%). In the Internal video set, ENAD CAD-G identified dysplasia and EGC with diagnostic accuracies of 88.57% (95% CI, 83.30%-93.84%) and 91.43% (86.79%-96.07%), respectively, compared with an accuracy of 60.71% (52.62%-68.80%) for the initial biopsy results (P<0.001). In the External video set, ENAD CAD-G classified EGC, dysplasia, and benign lesions with diagnostic accuracies of 87.50% (83.73%-91.27%), 90.54% (87.21%-93.87%), and 88.85% (85.27%-92.44%), respectively. Conclusions: ENAD CAD-G is superior to initial biopsy for the detection and diagnosis of gastric lesions that require endoscopic resection. ENAD CAD-G can assist community endoscopists in identifying gastric lesions that require endoscopic resection.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.988-994
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• 1998

Background: Chest wall tumors can classified into soft tissue tumors and bone tissue tumors and can be subclassified into benign and malignant tumors. Materials and methods: We report an analysis of 68 patients with primary chest wall tumors treated at the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery at Hanyang University Hospital from January, 1973 to September 1997. Results: Among a total of 68 patients 33(48.5%) were males and 35(51.5%) were females. The ages of the patients ranged from 10 to 79 years with a mean age of 39.3 years. According to the age distribution, 23 patients (33.8%) were from the 4th decade, 12 patients(17.6%) were from the 6th decade, and 10 patients(14.7%) were from the 5th decade. Among the primary chest wall tumors, 53 cases were benign and 15 cases were malignant. Among the benign tumors, 17 cases(32.1%) were in the 4th decade and among the malignant tumors, 6 cases(40%) were in the 4th decade. In both malignant and benign tumors the most common ages were in the 4th decade. The most common tumors were fibrous dysplasia and chondroma, each with a total of 14 cases(26.4%). Osteochondroma and lipoma each had 8 cases(15.1%). Among malignant tumors, osteosarcoma was most common with 8 cases (53.3%). According to location, 49 cases occured in both bone and cartilage tissue, 19 cases occurred in cartilage. Among the presenting symptoms, palpable mass was present in all cases. Fifty-one patients complained of tenderness and among cases with involvement of the lung, 3 patients had complained of respiratory distress. Among the malignant tumors 6 cases underwent a radical operation and 4 cases of benign tumors underwent a radical operation. Postoperativly, there was one case with recurrence from a desmoid tumor. There were no deaths postoperativly and no deaths due to complications(and their postoperative courses were uneventful). Conclusions: Most patients with primary chest wall tumors initially present with mass at admission. Resection is sufficient treatment for benign tumors but in malignant tumors wide resection of the chest wall is needed and mchest wall reconstruction.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 1996

Background: $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI(Methoxyisobutylisonitrile complex), a member of the isonitrile class of coordination compounds, is a lipophilic cation presently under investigation for clinical use as myocardial perfusion imaging agent and is widely used to detect myocardial infarction. Preliminary reports indicate that $T_1$-201 accumulate in human neoplasm and several authors reported $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI may also localized in primary malignant tumor and metastatic deposits from lung cancer. We evaluated the uptake of $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI in lung cancer and localization of mediastinal and other site metastasis, and compared the benign lesion of the lung. Method: Thirty four patients of lung cancer and ten patients of benign lung lesion were studied with chest CT and $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI Lung SPECT. $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI uptake ratio was assessed by TR/NL(Lung lesion/ Normal area), HT/NL (Heart/Normal area) and HT/TR(Heart/Lung lesion). Results: 1) All lung cancer patients showed increased uptakes of $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI in malignant lung lesion and Tc-99m MIBI uptake was also increased in mediastinal and lymph node metastasis except two cases. 2) There was significant different ratio of TR/NL between malignant and benign lesion, $3.79{\pm}1.82$ and $1.67{\pm}0.63$ on planar images, respectively(p<0.001). 3) There was no significant difference of $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI uptake ratio between squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and adeno carcinoma($3.64{\pm}1.66$, $3.57{\pm}0.72$, $4.31{\pm}2.28$ respectively). Conclusion: $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI lung SPECT was useful in the localization of tumor and mediastinal or other site metastatic lesion in lung cancer and also in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.506-512
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• 2010

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the FDG uptake ratio of mediastinal node and primary tumors using integrated PET/CT imaging combined with Glut-1 expression of the primary tumor in order to predict the N2 status more accurately in NSCLC patients. Material and Method: Patients who underwent integrated PET/CT scanning with a detectable mSUV for both primary tumors and mediastinal lymph nodes were eligible for this study. The FDG uptake ratio between the mediastinal node and the primary tumor was calculated. Result: The average mSUV of primary tumors and mediastinal nodes were, respectively, $7.4{\pm}2.2$ and $4.2{\pm}2.2$ in N2-positive patients and $7.6{\pm}3.7$ and $2.8{\pm}6.9$ in N2-negative patients. The mean FDG uptake ratio of mediastinal node to primary tumor were $0.58{\pm}0.23$ for malignant N2 lymph nodes and $0.45{\pm}0.20$ for benign lymph nodes (p<0.05). Models which combined Glut-1 expression with an FDG ratio have better diagnostic power than models that use the FDG uptake ratio alone. Conclusion: In some patients with a previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis or other inflammatory lung diseases, an FDG uptake ratio combined with Glut-1 expression may be useful in diagnosing mediastinal node metastasis more exactly.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.473-479
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• 2012

Warthintumor (WT), also known as adenolymphoma or papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, was described in 1895 for the first time. It is a common benign tumor of the parotid glands and the second most common neoplasm of the salivary gland, accounting for 5% to 14% of all parotid neoplasm. A 63-year-old man visited our clinic with the complaint of swelling on the right parotid gland. Physical examination showed a 3 cm, firm, well-circumscribed, painless mass on the right mandibular angle. Computed tomography imaging showed a $3.5{\times}2.0{\times}1.6$ cm well-defined cystic mass. WT is histologically characterized by bilayered, oncocystic cell, lymphoid stroma, and cystic space. With these typical cytomorphologic characteristics, the fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed as diagnostic tool before the surgery. The lymphocytes and oncocystic cell were not observed. The lesion was completely excised under general anesthesia. We diagnosed the case as WT, from the surgically excised specimen. We report on the case with a review of the literatures.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.394-399
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• 2000

Odontoma is defined as a benign odontogenic tumor containing enmel, dentin as well as cementum. It has come to mean a growth in which both the epithelial and the mesenchymal cells exhibit complete differentiation. Most authorities accept the view today that the odontoma represents a hamartomatous malformation rather than a true neoplasm. The etiology of odontomas is uncertain but hypothesized to involve local trauma, infection, inheritance or mutant gene. The odontomas often cause various disturbances in the eruption and position of the teeth. The steps in removal of an odontoma in close relation to an adjacent impacted normal tooth should comprise 1) removal of odontoma and 2) exposure of the impacted tooth. Orthodontic therapy may be applied. Before treatment, the necessary space for the impacted tooth should be evaluated. If there is lack of space in the dental arch, orthodontic treatment should be carried out before operation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.545-550
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• 2004

Salivary glands, major and minor, are susceptible to a wide variety of pathologic conditions. Excision of the submandibular gland is a surgical procedure often undertaken. The procedure is the treatment of choice for patients with neoplasm of the submandibular gland and those with non-neoplastic submandibular disorders which are not controlled with conservative medical measures. Extirpation of the submandibular gland may also be undertaken for diagnostic purposes. We evaluated 84 patients who had been admitted to the dept. of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Pusan National University Hospital from January, 1989 to December, 2002 and had been performed submandibular gland excision. The results are as follows : 1. The patients undertaken the excision of the submandibular gland showed an age range of 16 to 71 years. The average was 49.1. 2. They consisted of 60 males(71.4%) and 24 females(28.6%), having 2.5 : 1 of genda ratio. 3. The most common symptom was swelling in 41 cases(48.8%), followed by the pain in 23 cases(27.4%). Other symptoms included mass, dysphagia, facial abnormaly and neck dyscinesia. 4. 42 cases(50.0%) showed sialadenitis and sialodochitis associated with salivary calculus. 5. According to the histopathologic study, all cases consisted of 17 neoplasmatic conditions(20.3%) and 67 non-neoplasmatic(79.7%). The neoplasmatic cases included 13 benign tumors and 4 primary malignant tumors. Sialadenitis and sialodochitis associated with or without salivary calculus were most marked, found in 50 cases(59.3%), in the non-neoplasmatic conditions. Pleoomorphic adenoma showed the highest frequency of the benign tumor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2947-2951
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• 2015

Background: The phenomenon of occult carcinoma maybe observed in patients with clinically unilateral papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Although many studies have reported that the $BRAF^{T1799A}$ mutation is associated with aggressive PTMC, the relationship between $BRAF^{T1799A}$ mutation and occult carcinoma is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors, including $BRAF^{T1799A}$ mutation, for occult contralateral carcinoma in clinically unilateral PTMC accompanied by benign nodules in the contralateral lobe. Materials and Methods: From January 2011 to December 2013, we prospectively enrolled 89 consecutive PTMC patients with clinically unilateral carcinoma accompanied by benign nodules in the contralateral lobe who received a total thyroidectomy and cervical lymph node dissection. $BRAF^{T1799A}$ mutation was tested by pyrosequencing on postoperative paraffin specimens. The frequency and predictive factors for occult contralateral carcinoma were analyzed with respect to the following variables: age, gender, family history, tumor size, presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, extrathyroidal extension, central lymph node metastasis, multifocality of primary tumor, or $BRAF^{T1799A}$ mutation. Results: A total of 36 patients (40.4%) had occult PTMC in the contralateral lobe. The median diameter of the occult tumors was $0.33{\pm}0.21cm$. The $BRAF^{T1799A}$ mutation was found in 38 cases (42.7%). According to the univariate analysis, there were no significant differences between the presence of occult contralateral carcinoma and age, gender, family history, tumor size, presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, extrathyroidal extension, central lymph node metastasis, multifocality of primary tumor, or $BRAF^{T1799A}$ mutation. Conclusions: Using current methods, it is difficult to preoperatively identify patients with PTMC, and further research is needed to determine predictive factors for the presence of occult contralateral carcinoma in patients with unilateral PTMC.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.134-140
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• 1989

A clinical evaluation was made on total 207 cases of corrosive esophageal stricture after ingestion of various corrosive substances and 173 cases of neoplasms in the esophagus and the cardia. The various complications associated with esophageal corrosion were observed on 28 cases [13.5%] in a total of 207 cases. Pathoanatomic findings of complication may be classified to the five category as follow; [1] stenosis in the pharynx due to adhesion of the epiglottis, [2] esophagobronchial fistula, [3] esophageal perforation with bougienation, [4] necrotic rupture of the esophagus and the stomach, and [5] so-called chronic corrosive gastritis. The comparative studies were done on a total of 165 cases of the various procedures of esophagoplasty to the reconstruction of the esophagus, which consists of antethoracal esophagoplasty with jejunum, retrosternal esophagoplasty with jejunum, retrosternal esophagoplasty with right colon, and retrosternal esophagoplasty with left colon. There is no hard and fast rule in selection of jejunum, right colon or left colon as the transplanting bowel and an operative method either antethoracal or retrosternal approach. When there was no possibility of the complication and no any defect of the anatomical states, one stage retrosternal esophagoplasty using right colon was better in various points of view. The 173 patients of the neoplasm of the esophagus consist of 28 cases of benign tumors and 145 cases of malignant tumors in the esophagus and cardia. 28 cases of benign tumors in the esophagus received the surgical treatment and they obtained with excellent results postoperatively. Of the 145 patients of esophageal carcinoma who received surgical managements, 101 cases [69.6%] were found to be operable and 44 cases [30.3%] were inoperable. Due to the various level of carcinoma in the esophagus, the following different surgical procedure was properly used case by case to get the best results in each case. Esophageal carcinoma in the upper and middle third segment received the total esophagectomy and the reconstruction of the esophagus using right colon by substernal procedure. Esophageal carcinoma in the lower third segment received an esophagojejunostomy in the mediastinum after the resection of lower third segment of the esophagus. Carcinoma in the esophago cardia and the stomach received also an esophagojejunostomy after the resection of the lower third segment of the esophagus and subtotal gastrectomy. For the 44 patients with inoperable carcinoma, the several palliative surgical managements such as gastrostomy or jejunostomy for feeding and esophagojejunostomy for bypass of the lower esophagus and the stomach were properly performed case by case for their maximum improvement.