• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2020

Recently, interest in the DC transmission is rapidly increasing worldwide. In many countries and leading companies are prior to the aggressive development of HVDC technology and application. Especially, VSC-HVDC system has been widely applied to transfer power at long distance between power plant and power consumption area. Therefore in this paper, we analyzed the benefit-cost of VSC-HVDC system which has more advantages than existing transmission system. The proposed system is MMC(Modular Multilevel Converter) VSC-HVDC system that have stability of Power Grid, interconnect Large-scale New Power Generation Plants by prevents Blackout. And MMC VSC-HVDC system Reduced the loss importing foreign systems. And the benefits were calculated in four stages, and the costs were applied to the actual project. By evaluating the various avoidance costs compared to the benefit-cost, it was confirmed that MMC VSC-HVDC system was advantageous in system stability and economic and social benefits.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2021

This study is a study to estimate the VSL (Value of a Statistical Life) and CBA (Cost-benefit analysis) of the rollover safety standard for hydrogen buses, VSL is an economic value concept used to quantify the benefits of avoiding death. CBA shows the effect of cost-benefit, and if B/C is greater than 1, there is a social effect. In order to estimate the VSL and CBA, the hydrogen bus introduction scenario was assumed to be optimistic (20,000 vehicles in 2030), neutral (15,000 vehicles in 2030), and pessimistic (10,000 vehicles in 2030), and the effect of reducing human casualties was estimated. As a result, except for the pessimistic market situation of introducing hydrogen buses (10,000 vehicles in 2030) and the VSL reduction ratio of 10%, all policies were judged to have high cost-benefit effects. These results indicate that the introduction of the rollover safety standard for hydrogen buses is a socially effective policy.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.507-514
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• 2013

The Nakdong River being used as drinking water sources for the Busan metropolitan city has the vulnerability of water management due to the fact that industrial areas are located in the upper Nakdong River. This study used emergy analysis method to evaluate ecological-economics of water treatment systems of D water treatment plant (WTP) where located in the downstream of the Nakdong River. The emergy methodology is a system evaluation tool that uses energy as the common currency to compare different resources on a common basis. Emergy yield ratio (EYR) and emergy sustainability index (EmSI) of D WTP were 1.16 and 0.18, respectively. It means not resources and sustainable system but consumer goods and not sustainable system. Ratio of emergy benefit to the purchaser (EBP) shows 2.7 times higher than economic costs. To change the weak water source and situations we need to diversity water intake.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제41권
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• pp.43-67
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• 2000

The main source in financing the National Pension benefits is the contribution raised from the insured's earnings. So, Most of the insured take a great interest in the questions of what return on the payment of contribution National Pension benefits provide and whether there be the difference in return according to earnings level. The Purpose of this study is to assess money's worth of National Pension and to answer the above questions. There are two basic types of money worth analysis, empirical and hopothetical. This study basically belongs to the former in terms that it is based on actual earnings and insured term. For performing money's worth analysis, four different measures which are referred as the "break-even period", the "benefit/tax ratio", the "net lifetime transfer", the "internal rate of return" are used and they all involve the way in which the relationship between the present value of contributions and the present values of benefit is present. The results which evaluate average money's worth of accrued rights before 1999 are le as follows. Break-even period is about 43 months, benefit/tax ratio being 4.9, net lifetime transfers being about 37 mil1ion won, internal rate of return being 33.2%. This verifies that money' worth of National Pension is much higher than actuarially fair. In the mean while, money' worth is proved to be very different according to earnings level. The progressivity relationship between earnings level and rate of return is found in all measures but net lifetime transfer.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2014

This study analysed the economic feasibility per hectare of grow out phase production of Oyster farming by rising water temperature in Ocean. Elevated Water temperature by climate change had a bad influence for oyster production and economic feasibility. In the case of production units, the total output of oyster decreases from 213,840 to 205,594 units. Using cost-benefit analysis with discounting rates (5.5%), we estimated the net present value (NPV) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) until 2100 years. The model results showed that the NPV without water temperature rise was 1,565,619,893 won and the NPV with water temperature rise was 1,540,493,059 won. Also, BCR estimated that the former was 2.095 better than the latter was 2.077. To summarise, the economic effect per hectare of water temperature rise in ocean did the damage to the economic loss about 25,126,834 won.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.237-248
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• 2017

The estimation method of economical leakage management target utilized upon planning business for improvement of revenue water ratio in South Korea is presented and applicability of methods developed in this study is assessed through application on site. With a consideration of revenue water ratio in application target area, estimation method of long-term economical leakage management target is applied. Three leakage reduction methods such as replacement of residual aged pipe, leakage investigation and restoration and water pressure management are applied with a consideration of characteristics of site. Due to difficulty of obtaining data, analysis of cost/benefit by leakage reduction methods is performed by applying method of leakages estimation equation among statistical methods. As a result of application, revenue water ratio corresponding to long-term economical leakage management target is 91.6 %.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1983

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 I.B.R.D. 차관(借款)에 의해 실시(實施)된 연료림조성사업(燃料林造成事業)으로 인하여 발생(發生)하는 편익(便益)과 비용(費用)을 비교(比較)함으로써 사업(事業)의 수익성(收益性) 또는 투자효율(投資效率)을 판정하여 경제성(經濟性)을 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 실시(實施)되었다. 조사지역(調査地域)을 선정(選定)하여 조사(調査)한 자료(資料)와 그 외 관계자료(關係資料)를 이용(利用)하여 B/C율(率)과 IRR(내부투자수익율(內部投資收益率)방법(方法)에 적용(適用)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1) 연료림(練料林)의 경제성(經濟性) 분석(分析)에 있어서 연료림(練料林)의 생산가액(生産價額)을 연탄가격(煉炭價格)으로 환산(換算)했을 때, B/C율(率)은 할인율(割引率) 6%에서 1.18, IRR은 12.2%로 수익성(收益性)이 있는 것으로 평가(評價)되었다. 2) 농촌임금(農村賃金)의 년평균(年平均) 27% 상승요인(上昇要因)에 의한 감응도분석(感應度分析)에 있어서 B/C율(率)은 1.07, IRR은 9.2%로 낮은 수익성(收益性)이 있는 것으로 평가(評價)되었다. 3) 연탄가격(煉炭價格)의 년평균(年平均) 26% 상승요인(上昇要因)에 의한 감응도분석(感應度分析)에 있어서 B/C율(率)은 1.34, IRR은 15.7%로 높은 수익성(收益性)이 있는 것으로 평가(評價)되었다. 4) 연료림조성사업(練料林造成事業)의 간접효과(間接效果)를 가산(加算)하면 경제적(經濟的) 효과(效果)는 더 높다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.317-324
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• 1999

Objectives: Since 1991, nationwide massive neonatal screening program for phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism have been performed in Korea. As in many other countries, efficiency of this program has not been definitely concluded. For the purpose of evaluation of this program, from the perspective of efficiency, a cost-benefit analysis was carried out. Methods: Costs of the detection and the treatment program were compared with the projected benefit(avoided costs) that results from the prevention of the mental retardation associated with the disorders due to PKU and hypothyroidism. Costs and benefits were discounted at an annual rate of 5%, and duration of life-long labor was assumed to be 30 years. Cost and benefit were estimated based on the detection rates of one case of PKU per 5,572 and one case of congenital hypothyroidism per 32,554 babies screened during 1991-1997. Results: The benefit-cost ratio was 0.418. The sensitivity analysis for the discount rates and labor durations showed that most cost-benefit ratios were lower than one(1.0) except when discount rate was changed to 3% and detection rate to two- or threefold and/or labor duration to 40 years. Conclusion: The result of this study suggested that present program of mass screening for PKU and congenital hypothyroidism could not be justified in terms of efficiency. It doesn't coincide with the results of previous studies in major developed countries, presumably because of difference in detection rates and welfare cost for the disabled.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.717-727
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• 2015

Although the NutriPlus program has shown considerable evidence of enhancing users' nutritional status, the budget does not cover all eligible mothers and children. This study aimed to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the NutriPlus program to assess its economic efficiency. 53 families with 79 users in the NutriPlus program at Daejeon Dong-gu Health Center participated in this study with informed consent. The costs and benefits were estimated from both the administrator's and users' perspectives. We converted the time cost into Korean currency based on the minimum wage in 2014. The value of nutrition education and service (B2), estimated by contingency valuation method (CVM), was counted as an economic benefit. 6 families (11.3%) were recipients of national medical care and 22 families (41.5%) paid 10% of the food package cost by themselves. The total cost was \7,450,167 and the total benefit was \12,402,239. The budget for the health center (C1+C2+C3+C4) was \5,984,381 a month. Time and transportation cost for receiving nutrition education (C6) differed significantly according to the economic status of families. Household food consumption increase (C4-B4) was 40,379 in the poverty group, which was four times more than in the other groups. The net benefit (B-C) was \4,852,172 and the B/C ratio was 1.66. Therefore, the NutriPlus program is beneficial in the economic aspect as well as in the nutritional aspect. If the enhancement of nutritional status was also considered, the total benefit would be even higher. These results confirm the legitimacy of a secure budget for the NutriPlus program. And we suggest expanding its budget to cover more eligible individuals to improve people's health and welfare.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.709-715
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• 1992

In this study attempts were made to identify the areas of single animal ploughing (SAP) in Bangladesh, causes of its localization and the socio-economic constraints hindering the expansion of the system. To determine the areas of single animal ploughing, 123 upazilas of 15 districts were surveyed. Of them, 16 upazilas were found heavily engaged with this system. A detailed investigation of 469 SAP and 439 double animal ploughing (DAP) farmers revealed that there was significant difference between the two systems in respect of cost of production and yield per unit of land. The benefit/cost (B/C) ratio was higher in SAP system. However, no significant difference was observed in respect of time required for ploughing, intensity of cropping, cost of implements, and cost of repairing implements (except yoke). The study recommends for expansion of SAP system in areas where buffaloes are concentrated. Fro this purpose, logistic and institutional supports need to be made available.