• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2017

Moon Jae-in Government announced the Government's 5-Year Plan on July 19, 2017, President Moon directly announced the Government's Plan for Benefit Expansion in National Health Insurance on August 7, 2017. The main contents of the announced expansion include benefit coverage for all medically necessary services with control over non-covered service occurrence, a decrease in the cost-sharing upper limit, and monetary support for catastrophic medical costs. Although past governments have been continuously striving for benefit expansion in the last 15 years, this plan has its breakthrough aspect in that all medical services will be covered by the National Health Insurance. In alignment, there are important tasks to solve: attaining a proper fee schedule, reforming the healthcare delivery system, and improving healthcare quality. This plan is a symptom oriented action in that it is limited in reducing patients' out-of-pocket money, unlike the systematic approach of the National Health Insurance. The sustainability of the National Health Insurance is being threatened due to South Korea's low birth rate, rapidly aging society, and low economic growth, in addition to the unification issue of the Korean Peninsula, medical utilization of the elderly, management of non-communicable diseases, and so on. Therefore, the Government needs to plan the National Health Insurance system reformation including actions addressed toward medical consumers.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제68권4호
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• pp.513-522
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• 2019

We calculate the benefit of distributed combined heat power generators from avoiding a transmission expansion cost by building distributed generators near electricity demand centers. We determine a transmission expansion plan by solving a mixed integer linear problem, where we modify capacities of existing transmission lines and build new transmission lines. We calculate the benefit by comparing the sum of generation and transmission expansion costs with or without distributed generators through two simulation frames. In the first frame, for the current demand, we substitute existing distributed generators for non-distributed generators and measure an additional cost to balance the generation and demand. In the second frame, for increased future demand, we compare the cost to invest only in distributed generators to the cost to invest only in non-distributed generators. As a result, we show that the distributed generators have at least 5.8 won/kWh of the benefit from avoiding the transmission expansion cost.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.325-337
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• 2023

Background: While there are many studies estimating the effects of private health insurance on various types of health care utilization, few have examined how such effects change in conjunction with important policy reforms in national health insurance (NHI). This study examined how the effect of private health insurance (supplemental and fixed cash benefit) on high-cost outpatient imaging test utilization changed following the expansion of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coverage in 2018, which is a key example of the NHI benefit expansion policy in recent years. Methods: Data from the 2017 and 2019 Korea Health Panel Survey, which contained information about healthcare utilization before and after the expansion of MRI coverage in 2018, were used. The incremental effect of private health insurance on high-cost outpatient imaging test utilization for each period were quantified and compared, with special attention given to the type of private health insurance. Results: While people with supplemental private health insurance were more likely to use high-cost outpatient imaging tests than those without, both before and after the expansion of MRI coverage, the incremental effect increased from 1.6% points in 2017 to 2.5% points in 2019. Conclusion: Benefit expansion in NHI does not necessarily reduce disparities in the use of health care between private health insurance subscribers and non-subscribers. The results of our study also suggest that the path through which private health insurance affects healthcare utilization may not be limited to the price mechanism alone but can be more complex.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.72-73
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• 2006

As the electric power market environments are being changed, suitable data for expansions should be subjected to stockholders. And the public responses are requested for transmission system expansion. The necessity of transmission system expansion can be easily assessed via the benefit/cost evaluations. Because the benefit/cost evaluation of the transmission system expansions required variety elements, which can be depended on electric power market simulation software. On this paper, a method is illustrated using the PPOOL developed by PPC and PSS/E developed by PTI.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.205-218
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• 2014

Background: Most studies on the national health insurance benefit expansion policy have focused on policy tools or decision-making process. Hence there was not enough understanding on how policies are actually implemented within the specific policy context in Korea which has a national mandatory health insurance system with a dominant proportion of private providers. The main objectives of this study is to understand the implementation process of the benefit coverage expansion policy. Unlike other implementation studies, we tried to examine both the process of implementation and decision making and how they interact with each other. Methods: Interviews were conducted with the ex-members of the Health Insurance Policy Review Committee. Medical doctors who implement the policy at the 'street-level' were also interviewed. To figure out major variables and the degree of their influences, the data were analyzed with Winter's Policy Implementation Model which integrates the decision making and implementation phases. Results: As predicted by the Winter model, problems in the decision making phase, such as conflicts among the members of committee, lack of applicable causal theories application of highly symbolic activities, and limited attention of citizen to the issue are key variables that cause the 'implementation failure.' In the implementation phase, hospitals' own financial interests and practitioners' dependence on the hospitals' guidance were barriers to meeting the policy goals of providing a better coverage for patients. Patients, the target group, tend to prefer physicians who prescribe more treatment and medicine. To note, 'fixers' who can link and fill the gap between the decision-makers and implementers were not present. Conclusion: For achieving the policy goal of providing a better and more coverage to patients, the critical roles of medical providers as street-level implementers should be noted. Also decision making process of benefit package expansion policy should incorporate its influence on the implementation phase.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.6-23
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• 2018

Digital Science's Dimensions is envisaged as a next-generation research and discovery platform for more efficient access to cross-referenced scholarly publications, grants, patents, and clinical trials. As a new addition to the growing open citation resources, it offers opportunities that may benefit a wide variety of stakeholders of scientific publications, from researchers and policy makers to the general public. In this article, we explore and demonstrate some of the practical potentials in terms of cascading citation expansions. Given a set of publications, the cascading citation expansion process can be iteratively applied to a set of articles so as to extend the coverage to more and more relevant articles through citation links. Although the conceptual origin can be traced back to Garfield's citation indexing, it has been largely limited, until recently, to the few who have unrestricted access to a citation database that is large enough to sustain such iterative expansions. Building on the open application program interface of Dimensions, we integrate cascading citation expansion functions in CiteSpace and demonstrate how one may benefit from these new capabilities. In conclusion, cascading citation expansion has the potential to improve our understanding of the structure and dynamics of scientific knowledge.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.709-715
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• 1992

In this study attempts were made to identify the areas of single animal ploughing (SAP) in Bangladesh, causes of its localization and the socio-economic constraints hindering the expansion of the system. To determine the areas of single animal ploughing, 123 upazilas of 15 districts were surveyed. Of them, 16 upazilas were found heavily engaged with this system. A detailed investigation of 469 SAP and 439 double animal ploughing (DAP) farmers revealed that there was significant difference between the two systems in respect of cost of production and yield per unit of land. The benefit/cost (B/C) ratio was higher in SAP system. However, no significant difference was observed in respect of time required for ploughing, intensity of cropping, cost of implements, and cost of repairing implements (except yoke). The study recommends for expansion of SAP system in areas where buffaloes are concentrated. Fro this purpose, logistic and institutional supports need to be made available.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.407-413
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• 2006

Railways are very important to get stability of railway structure as transportation system carrying a lot of passengers and freight. These days the construction of underground railway crossing such as expansion of new roads, construction of subway and gas pipe is increasing because of economic and social development. But these kinds of construction didn't take into account Cost-benefit analysis of railway which has the most important aspects of railway safety, so the results of construction didn't get a good evaluation. This study adapt Cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the economic validity of underground railway crossing. This study adjust about Cost-benefit analysis of railway part, and analyze the new method and technology of underground railway crossing constructed by Korean National Railroad and Railway Network Authority. Also this study divide between high frequency line and low frequency lineusing B/C, NPV, and IRR analysis. After analysis, B/C ratio method is the most suitable method among B/C, NPV, and IRR analysis method. Therefore this study can express economic benefit quantitatively and decrease the cost by adapting Cost-benefit analysis, and can clearly express the construction feasibility and investment effects of construction of underground railway crossing method.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.195-232
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• 2013

2009년 7월부터 도입된 양육수당은 보육시설을 이용하지 않고 가정 내에서 양육되는 아동에 대한 형평성 차원에서 양육수당이 제공되는 것으로 보육시설을 이용하지 않는 국민기초생활수급자와 차상위 계층 2세 미만 영아에 대해 월 10만 원을 아동양육수당으로 제공하면서 시작되었다. 그러나 2013년에는 소득에 관계없이 만 0~2세의 아동을 대상으로 만 0세 20만 원, 만 1세 15만 원, 만 2~5세 10만 원의 지원금을 제공하기로 개정되었다. 2013년의 이러한 정책변화는 전년도인 2012년의 양육수당 정책과 비교해 볼 때, 760%의 재정 증액이 이루어진 것으로 그 지원의 확대 정도가 이례적으로 매우 큰 것을 알 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 양육수당의 급격한 확대에 주목하며 양육수당 정책형성과정에 대한 정책네트워크 분석을 시도하였다. 분석 결과, 지방선거, 총선 및 대선이 정책형성 과정 행위자들의 상호작용 및 네트워크 구조 등에 즉각적인 영향을 주었는데, 즉 정당 행위자들은 양육수당의 확대가 정당 행위자들의 이익(선거결과)에 직접적인 영향을 준다고 판단하고 있었다. 이러한 정책경쟁 과정에서 정부부처들과의 예산과 관련된 갈등은 오히려 논의를 다양화시켜 양육수당 논의는 활성화 되었다. 또한 총선 이후 새누리당의 공약에서 시작된 양육수당의 확대는 비슷한 복지 공약 등을 내세운 박근혜 후보가 대통령에 당선되면서 구체적으로 정책채택 단계로 접어들어 정책형성과정과 정책채택과의 밀접한 관계도 확인하였다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제43권
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• pp.270-298
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• 2000

Government provides financial support to the 74 Home help service centers, 36 Day care service centers, and 18 Short stay service centers for the elderly. The number of service centers that receive financial support from the government is far less to meet the potential demand for the community care services. This paper applies cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the net social benefit of the services provided by the 3 types of the community care service centers sponsored by the government to justify the expansion of the government support. The benefit is calculated as community care services are provided privately in the market without financial support from the government. The potential market price is regarded as the benefit or value provided to the elderly. The price levels that potential users are willing to pay for these services are surveyed in the Census for the Elderly by the KIHASA, 1998. The market prices for the community services are generated by equating limited amount of service supply, as in number of users in one year in 3 types of community care service centers, and potential demand for the services. Market prices are multiplied to the number of users of 3 types of community centers to get the total benefit. Total operating cost of the community care service centers is regarded as cost. According to the cost-benefit analysis, Home-help service centers generated net social benefit of 137 billion Won, Day Care service centers generated 15 billion Won, and Short stay service centers generated 6 billion Won. Significant amount of net social benefit indicates that government should increase level of financial support to these service centers.