• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.93-102
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• 2016

An invasive disturbance species has caused harm to biodiversity and ecosystem. To address the issue, identifying the characteristics of a habitat for invasive disturbance species is considered for forest management. This study analyzed a status of plant species by field survey based on belt transect method in the capital areas and established a predictive model for invasive disturbance species by logistic regression. As results of the study, the number of herb, vine, and invasive disturbance species and a canopy cover of tree would decrease from the forest edge to core areas (p<0.001). The predictive model was derived with variables of altitude, Topographic Wetness Index, distance to forest edge, and canopy cover of tree. It can be useful in estimating the presence or absence of species and predicting its spatial distribution. Further studies are needed to identify the pathway of introduction, spread, and possibility of germination for understanding the status of invasive disturbance species in more depth.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.564-594
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• 2008

For this study, which was conducted in summer from $2006{\sim}2007$, 25 places of stream area in Korea, which were not affected by human, were selected by considering variable environmental factors. Plant surveys were performed in five qaudrats per each place of stream area(stream length=about 1km) on the basis of Braun-Blanquet(1964) and in four belt(length=20m) per each place of stream area by using belt-transect method in order to study the vegetation of the present-day potential natural state of water. In the results of the plant survey, the common plant communities in the mid-northern district(latitude$37^{\circ}37.9^{\circ}N$) were Quercus mongolica community and Fraxinus rhynchophylla community(with Quercus mongolica and Quercus aliena), and the common plant communities in the southern district(latitude$35^{\circ}35.9^{\circ}N$) were Quercus serrata community, Styrax japonica community and Quercus variabilis community. The common plant communities in the central district(latitude$36^{\circ}36.9^{\circ}N$) were Quercus serrata community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla community and Quercus aliena community, which have the middle characteristic between mid-northern and southern district. Also, in the results of correlation analysis between environmental factors and appearance of plant species in the survey places of stream area, Eco region showed the most significant correlation, but for the plan to restore flood plain, it is necessary to clarify the vegetation of potential natural stream by increasing the number of study cases considering variable environmental factors, in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.551-563
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• 2008

This study analyzed the actual vegetation and vegetation structure around the trails with the aim of restoring vegetation and continuous monitoring of the section between the National Astronomy Observatory and Birobong in Sobaeksan National Park. The actual vegetation was classified into 18 types, of which the largest were Quercus mongolica communities occupying the dimension of $225,337m^2$, Rhododendron schlippcubachii communities distributed around the trails on the ridge were covering 14.59%, and deciduous broadleaf forests were covering 11.06%. of the surveyed areas, respectively. In consideration of the actual vegetation, a total of 23 belt-transects were set up; 9 in Quercus mongolica communities, 3 in broadleaf deciduous forests, 2 in Taxus cuspidata communities, and 9 in damage restoration areas to take a closer look at the species diversity, species number, and individual number by community. The survey results are as follows: 9 belt-transects in Quercus mongolica communities showed their species diversity was $0.4290{\sim}1.0496$ with $7{\sim}22$ species and $115{\sim}481$ individuals. 3 belt-transects in broadleaf deciduous communities showed that species diversity was $0.6712{\sim}1.0096$ with $14{\sim}17$ species and $158{\sim}453$ individuals. 2 belt-transects in Taxus cuspidata communities showed that species diversity was $0.5413{\sim}0.9923$ with $14{\sim}15$ species and $223{\sim}406$ individuals. 8 belt-transects showed that species diversity was $0.1899{\sim}0.9217$ with $3{\sim}23$ species and $105{\sim}485$ individuals.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-58
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• 2008

For this study, which was conducted in the summer from $2004\sim2007$, 10 small and medium sized streams in Korea were selected(Munsan and Gokreung Stream in the Han River watershed, Mi, Ssanggye and Nam Stream in the Nakdong River watershed, Gapeong and Jojong Stream in the Bukhan River watershed, Cheongmi, Yanghwa and Bokha Stream in the Namhan River watershed), and plant surveys were performed using the belt transect method on the most natural 1km sections of each stream in order to clarify the natural environment condition of the plants in each stream. In the results of the plant survey, the total number of plant species recorded was 296. After selecting 121 species of those surveyed plant in order of frequency, an RDA(Redundancy Analysis) and a Pearson Correlation Analysis were performed to determine the correlation between the selected plant species and environmental factors( such as distance from channel, size of bed material, number of bars, altitude, bed slope, width of channel, and measured data of water quality) of the study sites. There was no significant correlation between the 121 plant species and altitude, bed slope, and number of bars at the research sites, but the correlation of plant species with size of bed material, width of channel, electrical conductivity, and phosphate$(PO_4-P)$ concentration was from very high to moderate. Also, the spectrum of these plant species reflects the actual environmental conditions so the method used in the study seems to be correct, but owing to the range of diversity, the results of the study seem to be difficult to extend to other streams. Nevertheless, it is expected that this data can be used as a basic material for researching plants by stream characteristics or in selecting plant species for streams.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 1987

To survey trail damage and vegetational change around trail at Bukhan Mountain National Park in Korea, field survey was executed over Bukhan mountain district during August, 1987. Trail damage was surveyed for he section of 7.18km from Ui valley to Jeongnung valley in which user's density was high. Ground vegetation was surveyed with a belt-transect method from trail edge to forest and edge species were surveyed with a belt method along trail edge. Interrelation between trail damage and user's density was not dear. Damage class II of trail showed 23.9% of the surveyed section and class III showed 8.0% and class II and III of natural trail showed 19.7% and those of facilitated trail showed 12.3%. The length of damage class II and III requiring readjustment were estimated as 3.65 km and 1.22km from the main trail course of 15.3km at Bukhan mountain district. In case of no intervention to forest by users, vegetational change around trails was appeared up to 6-8 m from trailside. But in case of intervention to forest by users, vegetational change was not coincident with the change of soil hardness and was diverse locally. Quercus mongolica, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Rbo-dodendron mucronulatum were appeared as Raunkiaer frequency class E, and Weigela subsessilis. Lespedeza maximowiczii, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Sorbus alnifolid were appeared as class D at trail edge of ridge-Quercus mongolica was appeared as class E and Rhododenderon mucrounulatium. Stephanandra incisa were appeared as class D at trail edge of midslope. Rhododenron mucronulatum. Lespedeza maximowiczii and Stepanandra incisa were appeared as class D at trail edge of valley. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya. Lespedeza maximowiczii and Stephanandra incisa were appeared as class D at trail edge of valley beside motorway.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.187-201
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• 2007

The first magnetotelluric (MT) transect across the Korean Peninsula was obtained traversing from the East Sea shoreline to the Yellow Sea shoreline. The MT survey profile was designed perpendicular to the strike of the principal geologic structure of the Korean Peninsula $(N30^{\circ}E)$, so-called 'China direction'. MT data were achieved at 50 sites with spacings of $3{\sim}8km$ along the 240 km survey line. The impedance responses are divided into four subsets reflecting typical geological units: the Kyonggi Massif, the Okchon Belt, the western part of the Kyongsang Basin, and the eastern part of the Kyongsang Basin. In the western part of the Kyongsang Basin, the thickness of the sedimentary layer is estimated to be about 3 km to 8 km and its resistivity is a few hundred ohm-m. A highly conductive layer with a resistivity of 1 to 30 ohm-m was detected beneath the sedimentary layer. The MT data at the Okchon Belt show peculiar responses with phase exceeding $90^{\circ}$. This feature may be explained by an electrically anisotropic structure which is composed of a narrow anisotropic block and an anisotropic layer. The Kyonggi Massif and the eastern part of Kyongsang Basin play a role of window to the deep geoelectrical structure because of the very high resistivity of upper crust. The second layers with highest resistivities in 1-D conductivity models occupy the upper crust with thicknesses of 13 km in the Kyonggi Massif and 18 km in the eastern Kyongsang Basin, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.347-359
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• 1996

This study was carried out to find the plant succession stage on highway cut-slopes. In order to analyze succession stage, plant survey with belt transect method was carried out in 1989 and 1995 at Joongbu-highway cut-slopes. The results could be summarized as follows ; The mean plant coverage of cut-slope was 78.3%. Plant coverage of Lower part area was higher than that of upper part area. Pioneer herb species on cut-slope were Miscanthus spp., Arundinella spp., Artemisia spp. etc., and pioneer woody species were Rubus crataegifolius, Robinia pseudoacacia, Pueraria thunbergiana, Pinus spp. etc. Also, among the introduced turf grasses, Eragrostis curvula is the pioneer species. Due to short of maintenance works, Zoysia japonica which has been planted by sodding work was found to decrease or diminish gradually. The ratio of pioneer stage plants, domestic and introduced herb species, seems to decrease, while the ratio of woody species which are advanced stage plants seems to increase. Maintenance works are needed to management and monitoring of plant succession on cut-slope, and use of herb and woody species will be effective.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 2011

In order to evaluate the weed suppressing effect of Solanum viarum Dunal. In this study species diversity in patch of S. viarum and allelopathic effects of the aqueous extracts on S. viarum were investigated. Number of species and species diversity in site close to patch of S. viarum were decreased gradually 1site ($7.7{\pm}2.0,\;1.5{\pm}0.2$), 2site ($5.3{\pm}1.2,\;1.2{\pm}0.2$) and 3site ($4.0{\pm}1.7,\;0.9{\pm}0.1$). And total phenolic compounds of soil in survey area were increased gradually site1 ($0.16{\pm}0.01mg\;g^{-1}$), site2 ($0.17{\pm}0.01mg\;g^{-1}$) and site3 ($0.22{\pm}0.02mg\;g^{-1}$). So the number of species and species diversity (r=-0.692, P<0.05) were negatively correlated with increased total phenolic compounds of soil in the survey area. The relative germination ratio, the mean germination time, the relative elongation ratio, the fresh weight and the dry weight of receptor plants are generally getting decreased while the concentration of the aqueous extracts from S. viarum escalate. But every ratio was various depending on the growing regions, the kind of receptor plants and the treatment of the aqueous extracts. Especially, the radicle by injection of the aqueous extracts concentration of S. viarum was influenced more than the shoot on the same condition. The total phenolic compounds on region of S. viarum was gradually increased in stems (fresh $0.56{\pm}0.02mg\;g^{-1}$, dry $1.58{\pm}0.08mg\;g^{-1}$), roots (fresh $1.77{\pm}0.07mg\;g^{-1}$, dry $2.64{\pm}0.06mg\;g^{-1}$), leaves (fresh $6.01{\pm}0.14mg\;g^{-1}$, dry $7.04{\pm}0.29mg\;g^{-1}$), seeds (fresh $6.21{\pm}0.17mg\;g^{-1}$, dry $9.08{\pm}0.73mg\;g^{-1}$) in order. On the contrary, the negative correlation on germination and growth of receptor plants was shown by total phenolic compounds on the each parts of S. viarum. We think that the aqueous extracts of S. viarum showed allelopathic effects on other plants. Therefore, S. viarum holds the higher competitiveness in plant community in Jeju Island and makes possibility of application as natural herbicide.