• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2008

To develop the continuous water quality monitoring system using the daphnid Daphnia sp., the growth of test animal, sensitivity, and behaviour response of toxicants were observed. Growth of test animal significantly increased with increasing the food density under the 90~105 mg/L ($CaCO_3$) hardness, except the concentration of food (Chrollela sp.) was exceeded than optimal food supply. Behaviour responses of test animals were continuously analyzed by changes of fractal dimension value (FDV). The FDV sharply decreased after exposure to the concentrations of 0.13 mg/L copper, 0.06 mg/L lead, and 0.38 mg/L cadmium. In these concentrations, mortality and abnormal behaviour of daphnids exhibited within ca. 1.0-h after exposure. Comparison of 24-h $LC_{50}$ values with other zooplankton species indicated that sensitivity of the Daphnia sp. was higher than most zooplankton for lead, and brain shrimp, rotifer, and water flea (Ceriodaphnia dubia, D. magna) for copper, and brain shrimp, water flea (D. lumholzi), and amphipod for cadmium. Based on the above experimental results, significant relationship between toxicity and behaviour response of Daphnia sp. was supported the high potential of water quality monitoring system. Consequently, behavioural monitoring method in this study suggests a good estimation tool for detection of the discharged toxicants in water body and for ecotoxicological assessment aquatic organisms.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.166-170
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• 2019

Objectives: Attentional and memory functions are important aspects of neural plasticity that, theoretically, should be amenable to pharmacopuncture treatments. A previous study from our laboratory suggested that quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) measurements of theta/beta ratio (TBR), an index of attentional control, may be indicative of academic performance in a first-semester medical school course. The present study expands our prior report by extracting and analyzing data on frontal theta and beta asymmetries. We test the hypothesis that the amount of frontal theta and beta asymmetries (fTA, fBA), are correlated with TBR and academic performance, thereby providing novel targets for pharmacopuncture treatments to improve cognitive performance. Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers were subjected to 5-10 min of qEEG measurements under eyes-closed conditions. The qEEG measurements were performed 3 days before each of first two block examinations in anatomy-physiology, separated by five weeks. Amplitudes of the theta and beta waveforms, expressed in ${\mu}V$, were used to compute TBR, fTA and fBA. Significance of changes in theta and beta EEG wave amplitude was assessed by ANOVA with post-hoc t-testing. Correlations between TBR, fTA, fBA and the raw examination scores were evaluated by Pearson's product-moment coefficients and linear regression analysis. Results: fTA and fBA were found to be negatively correlated with TBR (P<0.03, P<0.05, respectively) and were positively correlated with the second examination score (P<0.03, P=0.1, respectively). Conclusion: Smaller fTA and fBA were associated with lower academic performance in the second of two first-semester medical school anatomy-physiology block examination. Future studies should determine whether these qEEG metrics are useful for monitoring changes associated with the brain's cognitive adaptations to academic challenges, for predicting academic performance and for targeting phamacopuncture treatments to improve cognitive performance.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.246-258
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• 2009

This study was conducted for behavioral characteristic analysis of the Asiatic Black Bear in a limited space. Behaviors of eight Asiatic Black Bears were classified into 13 normal stances and locomotor activities, 15 normal maintenance behaviors, 9 locomotory compulsive behaviors, 2 non-locomotory compulsive behaviors through the 3 years of monitoring. The bears had originally been released into the Jiri National Park for Asiatic Black Bear Restoration Project and were withdrawn again because of several reasons such as habituation to humans, and apiary damage. Through the monitoring of 6 hours per day during 3 months, classified behaviors were analyzed based on sex, age, observing month, observing timing, captivity period, and captive form. The total rate of stereotypic behaviors was $26.51{\pm}13.38%$. Among these, RA(Rest_A) was rated high as $47.32{\pm}18.32%$. In addition, SP(Standard pace), HR(Head rear), EP(Extended pace) were most frequently observed behaviors. The time budget of TFS(Two feet stand), SA(Sniff_A) and SB(Sniff_B) on females and younger individuals were relatively higher than male and older individuals. So we confirmed that females and younger individuals had more wariness and curiosity. As the period of captivity took longer, the rate of stereotypic behaviors was higher and more stereotypic behaviors were observed in the afternoon. At night, behaviors related with resting like Rest-A, Rest-B, Lying down, Lying on abdomen, Sitting were more frequently observed. We concluded that the captive state could affect the behaviors of Asiatic Black Bear and long term research should be necessary.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2009

동물복지는 유럽의 소비자들과 시민들에게 상당히 중요하다는 것이 최근의 여론조사에서 확인되었다. 동물복지는 개별동물의 특성이라는 것 때문에 연구자들 뿐만 아니라 다른 사람들도 동물에 근거한 평가기준 (동물에서 측정된 척도, 예를 들면, 동물의 건강과 행동)이 동물복지의 타당한 표식이 될 수 있다고 오래 동안 제안해왔다. 그러므로 복지의 평가기준은 필수적으로 동물을 사용한 평가 척도에 바탕을 둘 수 있으며, 반면에 자원을 근거로 한 평가 기준은 위해요소들을 평가할 수 있는 능력을 제공한다. 이 계획의 첫 번째 목표는 복지를 감시하는 체계를 개발하여 복지의 척도를 접근 가능하고 이해할 수 있는 정보로의 표준화된 변환을 통하여 복지의 상태를 평가할 수 있게 하는 것이다. 한편 얻어진 정보는 동물시설 관리자들에게 제공되어 동물복지의 상태에 대하여 알게 하며, 또 다른 한편으로는 소비자와 소매상에게 동물 관련 제품의 복지 상태에 대한 정보를 제공한다. 두 번째 목표는, 유해한 행동적 및 생리적인 사태의 발생을 최소화하고, 인간과 동물간의 관계를 향상시키며, 그리고 동물에게 안전하고 흥미로운 환경을 제공함으로써, 동물의 복지를 향상시키는 것이다. 포함되어야 할 복지에 대한 다른 측정 가능한 양상들은 복지의 표준들로 변환된다. 이들은, 동물복지과학으로 이해되는 것처럼, 동물에게 의미 있는 것을 반영한다. 일단 동물시설에 대한 모든 평가척도들이 측정되면, 그 시설물의 동물복지에 대한 전반적인 평가를 수행하기 위한 상향식 접근이 있게 된다. 먼저 수집된 자료 (즉, 그 동물 시설에 대한 다른 척도로 얻어진 수치) 는 합쳐져서 표준 점수가 계산된다. 그리고 나서 표준점수는 합쳐져서 원칙 점수가 계산되며, 마지막으로, 얻어진 원칙 점수에 따라서 그 동물 시설에 대한 복지의 범주가 정해진다.