• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.341-349
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• 2021

This study is conducted to fill the research gap in proposing and testing the relationship between "Attitudes about the overall image of the destination", "Subjective norms" and "Perceived behavioral control". Simultaneously, we examine the relationship between these variables and tourists' "intent to choose a destination.". While most previous studies only deal with the relationship between destination image and intended behavior of tourists, this study uses the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991) to explain the intended behavior of tourists. In addition, the Theory of Destination Image (Echtner & Ritchie, 1991) is used to explain the factor "attitudes about the overall image of the destination", contribute to supplementing and perfecting the Theory of Planned Behavior. This study uses a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze a sample of 993 observations, the subjects of which are international tourists to Vietnam, to test the relationship between second-order constructs. The test results show that "Subjective norms" and "Perceived behavioral control" have an impact on "Attitudes about the overall image of the destination". Moreover, all these three factors have an impact on "Intent to choose destination", in which the factor "Perceived behavioral control" has the greatest impact on "intention to choose destination".

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.147-156
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• 2022

The study aims to identify factors that influence university and college students' entrepreneurial intentions in Vietnam's Mekong Delta region. The study examines entrepreneurship mindset, subjective norm, capital sources, concept development assistance, personality qualities, and perceived behavioral control of university support for a student's entrepreneurial aim. The research was conducted according to the quantitative method. The data was collected through an online survey with a sample size of 611 students from 19 universities and colleges in the Mekong Delta region. The methods that test the scale, including Cronbach Alpha Test, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), are used to consider the correlation between the influence factors. The results of SEM analysis show that there are five main factors affecting students' entrepreneurial intention with decreasing level of influence, including the source of capital, perceived behavioral control, business development support, entrepreneurial attitude, and educational support. Besides, the results indicate that the subjective norm, personality traits, and concept development support have no impact on the intention of students toward entrepreneurship. The research also reveals that the entrepreneurial intention of students at universities and colleges has a positive relationship and is significantly affected by capital source and perceived behavioral control.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.1013-1016
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• 1998

A method for generation of design verification tests from behavior-level VHDL program is presented. Behavioral VHDL programs contain multiple communicating processes, signal assignment statements. So for large, complex system, it is difficult problem to test or simulation. In this paper, we proposed a new hardware design verification method. For this method generates control flow graph(CFG.) and process modeling graph(PMG) in the given under the testing VHDL program. And this method proved very effective that all the assumed design errors could be detected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.32-35
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• 1998

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been widely used for predicting behavioral processes in which information technologies were accepted, but several previous studies point out that TAM may not explain the adoption process of complex information technologies effectively. This study empirically tests the limitation of TAM, and suggests a proposed research model by incorporating the concept of the perceived behavioral control into TAM. Study findings indicate the proposed model can predict the adoption process better than TAM does.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.19 no.37
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• pp.279-288
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate the usefulness of organizational development techniques for the behavioral change of employees and to inform organizational developer useful information for decision making. The scope of this study be limited to the techniques for the individual behavioral change among the organizational development The methodology of this study used the questionaire, and the sampling objected to the white class of manufactures. To verify the hypothesis, statistical methods used are Regression Analysis, T-test, Chi- square.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.302-309
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• 2005

We have studied a model and application that evolves the behavioral knowledge of a virtual robot. The knowledge is represented in classification rules and a neural network, and is learned by a genetic algorithm. The model consists of a virtual robot with behavior knowledge, an environment that it moves in, and an evolution performer that includes a genetic algorithm. We have also applied our model to an environment where the robots gather food into a nest. When comparing our model with the conventional method on various test cases, our model showed superior overall learning.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.819-822
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• 1998

The high complexity of digital circuits has changed the digital circuits design mehtods from schemeatic-based to hardware description languages like VHDL, verilog that make hardware faults become more hard to detect. Thus test generation to detect hardware defects is very important part of the design. But most of the test generation methods are gate-level based. In this paper new high-level test generation method to detect stuck-at-faults on gate level is described. This test generation method is independent of synthesis results and reduce the time and efforts for test generation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.708-720
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• 2012

In this study, we assessed the effects of ginsenoside Re (GRe) administration on repeated immobilization stress-induced behavioral alterations using the forced swimming test (FST), the elevated plus maze (EPM), and the active avoidance conditioning test (AAT). Additionally, we examined the effect of GRe on the central adrenergic system by observing changes in neuronal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in the rat brain. Male rats received 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg GRe (i.p.) 30 min before daily exposures to repeated immobilization stress (2 h/day) for 10 days. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to repeated immobilization was confirmed by measuring serum levels of corticosterone (CORT) and the expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hypothalamus. Repeated immobilization stress increased immobility in the FST and reduced open-arm exploration in the EPM test. It also increased the probability of escape failures in the AAT test, indicating a reduced avoidance response. Daily administration of GRe during the repeated immobilization stress period significantly inhibited the stress-induced behavioral deficits in these behavioral tests. Administration of GRe also significantly blocked the increase in TH expression in the locus coeruleus (LC) and the decrease in BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus. Taken together, these findings indicate that administration of GRe prior to immobilization stress significantly improved helpless behaviors and cognitive impairment, possibly through modulating the central noradrenergic system in rats. These findings suggest that GRe may be a useful agent for treating complex symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.337-347
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• 2021

Purpose: This study presents the development of a group video communication-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program for depressed pregnant women. It also provides the results of a preliminary test of its effects on their depression, automatic thoughts, and dysfunctional attitudes. Methods: In this quasi-experimental single-group pre- and posttest design study, 13 pregnant women participated in a 4-week, eight-session group CBT program, based on Beck's cognitive theory and using video communications from November 2020 to January 2021. Pregnant women between 14 and 32 weeks who were members of an online maternity and parenting community and residing in the cities of Changwon and Gimhae, Korea, were invited to voluntarily participate. Trained nurses led CBT sessions of 3-4 participants per group via video communication. Participants were assessed pre- and postintervention with self-report questionnaires for measurement of depression, automatic thought, and dysfunctional attitude after normality test according to the Shapiro-Wilk test of the variables. The data were analyzed using paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Depression (t=7.90, p<.001), automatic thoughts (t=4.89, p<.001), and dysfunctional attitudes (t=2.42, p=.032) significantly decreased after the 4-week online program. There were statistically significant correlations among the three variables. Conclusion: This program was found to be effective in reducing depression, automatic thoughts, and dysfunctional attitudes. Above findings suggest that a group CBT program using video communication can be an effective therapeutic modality that helps pregnant women at risk for depression alleviate their negative emotions related to depression.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.55-73
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• 2007

Festivals are an indispensable feature of cultural tourism(Formica & Uysal, 1998). Cultural tourism festivals are increasingly being used as instruments promoting tourism and boosting the regional economy. So much research related to festivals is undertaken from a variety of perspectives. Plans to revisit a particular festival have been viewed as an important research topic both in academia and the tourism industry. Therefore festivals have frequently been leveled as cultural events. Cultural tourism festivals have become a crucial component in constituting the attractiveness of tourism destinations(Prentice, 2001). As a result, a considerable number of tourist studies have been carried out in diverse cultural tourism festivals(Backman et al., 1995; Crompton & Mckay, 1997; Park, 1998; Clawson & Knetch, 1996). Much of previous literature empirically shows the close linkage between tourist satisfaction and behavioral intention in festivals. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of evaluation attributes of cultural tourism festivals on satisfaction and behavioral intention. accomplish the research objective, to find out evaluation items of cultural tourism festivals through the literature study an empirical study. Using a varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization, the research obtained four factors in the 18 evaluation attributes of cultural tourism festivals. Some empirical studies have examined the relationship between behavioral intention and actual behavior. To understand between tourist satisfaction and behavioral intention, this study suggests five hypotheses and hypothesized model. In this study, the analysis is based on primary data collected from visitors who participated in '2006 Gwangju Kimchi Festival'. In total, 700 self-administered questionnaires were distributed and 561 usable questionnaires were obtained. Respondents were presented with the 18 satisfactions item on a scale from 1(strongly disagree) to 7(strongly agree). Dimensionality and stability of the scale were evaluated by a factor analysis with varimax rotation. Four factors emerged with eigenvalues greater than 1, which explained 66.40% of the total variance and Cronbach' alpha raging from 0.876 to 0.774. And four factors named: advertisement and guides, programs, food and souvenirs, and convenient facilities. To test and estimate the hypothesized model, a two-step approach with an initial measurement model and a subsequent structural model for Structural Equation Modeling was used. The AMOS 4.0 analysis package was used to conduct the analysis. In estimating the model, the maximum likelihood procedure was used.In this study Chi-square test is used, which is the most common model goodness-of-fit test. In addition, considering the literature about the Structural Equation Modeling, this study used, besides Chi-square test, more model fit indexes to determine the tangibility of the suggested model: goodness-of-fit index(GFI) and root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA) as absolute fit indexes; normed-fit index(NFI) and non-normed-fit index(NNFI) as incremental fit indexes. The results of T-test and ANOVAs revealed significant differences(0.05 level), therefore H1(Tourist Satisfaction level should be different from Demographic traits) are supported. According to the multiple Regressions analysis and AMOS, H2(Tourist Satisfaction positively influences on revisit intention), H3(Tourist Satisfaction positively influences on word of mouth), H4(Evaluation Attributes of cultural tourism festivals influences on Tourist Satisfaction), and H5(Tourist Satisfaction positively influences on Behavioral Intention) are also supported. As the conclusion of this study are as following: First, there were differences in satisfaction levels in accordance with the demographic information of visitors. Not all visitors had the same degree of satisfaction with their cultural tourism festival experience. Therefore it is necessary to understand the satisfaction of tourists if the experiences that are provided are to meet their expectations. So, in making festival plans, the organizer should consider the demographic variables in explaining and segmenting visitors to cultural tourism festival. Second, satisfaction with attributes of evaluation cultural tourism festivals had a significant direct impact on visitors' intention to revisit such festivals and the word of mouth publicity they shared. The results indicated that visitor satisfaction is a significant antecedent of their intention to revisit such festivals. Festival organizers should strive to forge long-term relationships with the visitors. In addition, it is also necessary to understand how the intention to revisit a festival changes over time and identify the critical satisfaction factors. Third, it is confirmed that behavioral intention was enhanced by satisfaction. The strong link between satisfaction and behavioral intentions of visitors areensured by high quality advertisement and guides, programs, food and souvenirs, and convenient facilities. Thus, examining revisit intention from a time viewpoint may be of a great significance for both practical and theoretical reasons. Additionally, festival organizers should give special attention to visitor satisfaction, as satisfied visitors are more likely to return sooner. The findings of this research have several practical implications for the festivals managers. The promotion of cultural festivals should be based on the understanding of tourist satisfaction for the long- term success of tourism. And this study can help managers carry out this task in a more informed and strategic manner by examining the effects of demographic traits on the level of tourist satisfaction and the behavioral intention. In other words, differentiated marketing strategies should be stressed and executed by relevant parties. The limitations of this study are as follows; the results of this study cannot be generalized to other cultural tourism festivals because we have not explored the many different kinds of festivals. A future study should be a comparative analysis of other festivals of different visitor segments. Also, further efforts should be directed toward developing more comprehensive temporal models that can explain behavioral intentions of tourists.