• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.597-603
• /
• 2015

Synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-250 in 'herbal incense' also called 'spice' were first introduced in many countries. Numerous synthetic cannabinoids with similar chemical structures emerged simultaneously and suddenly. Currently there are not sufficient data on their adverse effects including neurotoxicity. There are only anecdotal reports that suggest their toxicity. In the present study, we evaluated the neurotoxicity of two synthetic cannabinoids (JWH-081 and JWH-210) through observation of various behavioral changes and analysis of histopathological changes using experimental mice with various doses (0.1, 1, 5 mg/kg). In functional observation battery (FOB) test, animals treated with 5 mg/kg of JWH-081 or JWH-210 showed traction and tremor. Their locomotor activities and rotarod retention time were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. However, no significant change was observed in learning or memory function. In histopathological analysis, neural cells of the animals treated with the high dose (5 mg/kg) of JWH-081 or JWH-210 showed distorted nuclei and nucleus membranes in the core shell of nucleus accumbens, suggesting neurotoxicity. Our results suggest that JWH-081 and JWH-210 may be neurotoxic substances through changing neuronal cell damages, especially in the core shell part of nucleus accumbens. To confirm our findings, further studies are needed in the future.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.1197-1206
• /
• 2023

가상현실로 구현한 공중화장실의 위험도를 산출하기 위하여 공중화장실에 존재하는 공간요소를 평가하고자 하였다. 평가대상과 평가 기준에 이론적 기반을 마련하기 위해 공중화장실의 안전성을 높이기 위한 체크리스트를 제안한 선행연구를 도입하였다. 평가 기준을 설정하기 위해 Paul J. Brantingham과 Patricia L. Brantingham의 이론을 바탕으로 공간과 범죄자의 상호작용에 초점을 맞춰 분석하고 수립하였다. Ronald V. Clarke의 "일상활동 이론"도 도입하여 평가 접근 방식에 통합하였다. 공중화장실의 범죄자, 이용자, 공간적 요소 간의 상관관계를 토대로 범인의 행위, 범죄와의 공간적 관련성, 이용 중 이용자 노출을 분석하였다. 이러한 기준을 이용하여 공중화장실의 공간요소 평가 알고리즘을 개발하고 이를 기반으로 애플리케이션을 개발하여 평가 도구 개발이 가능함을 입증하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2000

6차 교육과정 개편 이전에 임용된 교사들의 경우 목표 달성을 진단하는 과학 평가에 관한 기본 지식에 대한 이해가 낮은 경향을 보여 주었다. 예를 들면, 관찰하는 방법을 알고 있는 것은 지식이며, 관찰 활동을 실천하는 관찰 능력은 탐구 기능인 것인데 오개념으로 작용하는 경향을 발견할 수 있었다. 현장 수업중에 제시한 학습 목표는 수업 후 목표 달성 여부를 평가하여야 하는데 목표에 부합되지 않은 문항으로 형성 평가를 하는 경향이 나타나고 있었다. 태도 영역 평가의 객관성 확보 방법이 여전히 어려운 과제로 대두되고 있어 이에 관한 개선이 절실함을 알 수 있었다. 6차 또는 7차 교육과정에서 지식, 기능, 태도 3영역의 균형있는 평가를 제시하고 있어 어느 정도 개선되었으나 현장에서는 수행 평가 도입으로 탐구 기능의 평가 비율을 높여 더욱 균형있는 3 영역의 평가가 이루어 질 수 있는 방향으로 개선되고 있는 추세이다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.532-546
• /
• 2001

This report is the result of interim evaluation of a health promotion project which was operated by a public health center of K Gu in the year of 2000. It evaluated the aspects of the aim of a project, a target group. and adequacy and appropriateness of a approaching strategy by considering data of public health center's self-evaluation, and guidelines of a group assigned to evaluate the project. The way of evaluation was dividing the project into a colligated evaluation and a evaluation by projects in the aspects of the structure, the procedure. and the result of a result. Through this. a device to improve the health improvement project was derived. The target data for evaluation was the second data and data of self-evaluation, reported data, membership register data of a health management. and interview materials with the people in charge by projects that are all collected as a project management documents. The result of evaluation is stated below. 1. Main purpose of a health promotion project is building a environment of healthy life practicing and providing information through various ways to increase the rate of practicing healthy life. Through overall project. the ultimate purpose and definite purpose were same, however, it was not quite satisfied to offer planning of a time, and a target amount in detailed strategy. As the purpose was to build environment of healthy life practicing. most of the projects had the whole community citizen as a target group. That made difficult to operate detailed projects. so the result was hard to estimate as much as the effort put into it. Also, there were too many kinds of projects and target groups to be equal to by the human source of a health promotion project team. so we were just bent on operating a project. and could not prepare for the evaluation. As the most of former evaluation of public health service was just counting number of the objects, the new way of evaluating a project wasn't familiar to us. so the evaluation of a detailed project cannot be done well. Techniques and advices needed for all of these things weren't offered appropriately. For the forward direction of unfolding project. it is desirable to operate project by selecting focused target and considering a strategy of evaluation as a strategy of reasonable spread. The evaluation of the project became difficult as participation of citizen for it was poor. So, approach strategy that can lead the motivation of community citizen should be derived. 2. For the continuation of a health promotion project, technical assistance system. description of a field in charge, and arrangement of the amount of task should be developed as a central level. Furthermore, as the health promotion project focus on behavioral modification program whose purpose is to lessen dangerous factors. the public health service model which is incorporated with former project should be developed and spread out in the field for the object-centered project plan.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.266-271
• /
• 2017

Synthetic cannabinoids are one of most abused new psychoactive substances. The recreational use of abused drug has aroused serious concerns about the consequences of these drugs on infection. However, the effects of synthetic cannabinoid on resistance to tetanus toxin are not fully understood yet. In the present study, we aimed to determine if the administration of synthetic cannabinoids increase the susceptibility to tetanus toxin-induced motor behavioral deficit and functional changes in cerebellar neurons in mice. Furthermore, we measured T lymphocytes marker levels, such as CD8 and CD4 which against tetanus toxin. JWH-210 administration decreased expression levels of T cell activators including cluster of differentiation (CD) $3{\varepsilon}$, $CD3{\gamma}$, CD74p31, and CD74p41. In addition, we demonstrated that JWH-210 induced motor impairment and decrement of vesicle-associated membrane proteins 2 levels in the cerebellum of mice treated with tetanus toxin. Furthermore, cerebellar glutamatergic neuronal homeostasis was hampered by JWH-210 administration, as evidenced by increased glutamate concentration levels in the cerebellum. These results suggest that JWH-210 may increase the vulnerability to tetanus toxin via the regulation of immune function.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.227-236
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to develop and evaluate the a web-based simulation program on patient rights education using integrated decision making model into values clarification for nurse students. Methods: The program was designed based on the Aless & Trollip model and Ford, Trygstad-Durland & Nelms's decision model. Focus groups interviews, surveys on learning needs for patient rights, and specialist interviews were used to develop for simulation scenarios and decision making modules. The simulation program was evaluated between May, 2011 and April, 2012 by 30 student nurses using an application of the web-based program evaluation tools by Chung. Results: Simulation content was composed of two scenarios on patient rights: the rights of patients with HIV and the rights of psychiatric patients. It was composed of two decision making modules which were established for value clarifications, behavioral objective formations, problems identifications, option generations, alternatives analysis, and decision evaluations. The simulation program was composed of screens for teacher and learner. The program was positively evaluated with a mean score of $3.14{\pm}0.33$. Conclusion: These study results make an important contribution to the application of educational simulation programs for nurse students' behavior and their decision making ability in protecting the patient rights.

• 경영과학
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.25-39
• /
• 2002

This study suggests a revised TAM (Technology Acceptance Model)-based performance evaluation model in MS (management science) education. Recently, many MS education programs are developed on the basis of computer and Internet communication technology. Previous researchers used TAM as an individual performance evaluation model, and proved that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are the substantive successful factors. This study provides a revised TAM-based conceptual framework for understanding what is involved in improving university MS education and what might be implied by conducting research on its improvement. It is argued in this research that three sets of forces and conditions have a direct and indirect impact on MS education ; first, each student has self efficacy and it is a critical determinant of behavior next, the use of Internet-based information system at MS education affects on the renewal of MS education : and finally, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have impacts on behavioral intention and actual system usage. This research concludes with suggestions for which direction this framework provides for future research on the premise and limits of efforts to renew MS education in university.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제54권7호
• /
• pp.277-281
• /
• 2011

Failure to thrive (FTT) is a term generally used to describe an infant or child whose current weight or rate of weight gains is significantly below that expected of similar children of the same age, sex and ethnicity. It usually describes infants in whom linear growth and head circumference are either not affected, or are affected to a lesser degree than weight. FTT is a common problem, usually recognized within the first 1-2 years of life, but may present at any time in childhood. Most cases of failure to thrive involve inadequate caloric intake caused by behavioral or psychosocial issues. The most important part of the outpatient evaluation is obtaining an accurate account of a child's eating habits and caloric intake. Routine laboratory testing rarely identifies a cause and is not generally recommended. FTT, its evaluation, and its therapeutic interventions are best approached by a multi-disciplinary team includes a nutritionist, a physical therapist, a psychologist and a gastroenterologist. Long term sequelae involving all areas of growth, behavior and development may be seen in children suffering from FTT. Early detection and early intervention by a multidisciplinary team will minimize its long term disadvantage. Appropriate nutritional counseling and anticipatory guidance at each well child visit may help prevent some cause of FTT.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2009

Relating to grasping sequential landscape characteristics in consideration of the behavioral characteristics of the subject experiencing visual perception, this study was made on the subject of main walking line section for visitors of three treasures of Buddhist temples. Especially, as a method of obtaining data for grasping sequential visual perception landscape, the researcher employed [momentum sequential viewpoint setup] according to [the interval of pointers arbitrarily] and fisheye-lens-camera photography using the obtained omni-directional angle visual perception information. As a result, in terms of viewpoint selection, factors like approach road form, change in circulation axis, change in the ground surface level, appearance of objects, etc. were verified to make effect, and among these, approach road form and circulation axis change turned out to be the greatest influences. In addition, as a result of reviewing the effectiveness via the subjects, for the sake of qualitative evaluation of landscape components using the VR picture image obtained in the process of acquiring omni-directional angle visual perception information, a positive result over certain values was earned in terms of panoramic vision, scene reproduction, three-dimensional perspective, etc. This convinces us of the possibility to activate the qualitative evaluation of omni-directional angle picture information and the study of landscape through it henceforth.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권sup2호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2016

To reduce tobacco use and related harm in Korea, telephone based cessation services (Quitlines) began full operation to provide regular behavioral counseling for smoking cessation in 2006. After registration in the cessation program, at least 21 calls per year are given to each client to help quit and encourage maintenance. Tailored programs for males, females, and adolescent smokers have been offered taking into account smokers' characteristics and smoking behavior. Mailing self-help quit packs and e-mail and SMS services are allowable as additional services.A total of 23,201 smokers were registered on the Quitline program from 2006 to 2014. In 2014, an average of 13,343 calls per month have been received by 28 coaches, the 1 year abstinence rate of clients is 26%, and clients' satisfaction rate is 81.6%. After introduction of the call system in 2007, client convenience and effective operations have been achieved with high technology support of a computer-based telephone system. Systematic education and evaluation programs for quit coaches have contributed to quality assurance of the services. Currently, research into development of new programs and evaluation of Quitline performance is being undertaken. A Comprehensive Multi-channel Cessation Center (CMCC) has been suggested and is now planned as a next step in the national program for smoking cessation.