• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.597-603
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• 2015

Synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-250 in 'herbal incense' also called 'spice' were first introduced in many countries. Numerous synthetic cannabinoids with similar chemical structures emerged simultaneously and suddenly. Currently there are not sufficient data on their adverse effects including neurotoxicity. There are only anecdotal reports that suggest their toxicity. In the present study, we evaluated the neurotoxicity of two synthetic cannabinoids (JWH-081 and JWH-210) through observation of various behavioral changes and analysis of histopathological changes using experimental mice with various doses (0.1, 1, 5 mg/kg). In functional observation battery (FOB) test, animals treated with 5 mg/kg of JWH-081 or JWH-210 showed traction and tremor. Their locomotor activities and rotarod retention time were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. However, no significant change was observed in learning or memory function. In histopathological analysis, neural cells of the animals treated with the high dose (5 mg/kg) of JWH-081 or JWH-210 showed distorted nuclei and nucleus membranes in the core shell of nucleus accumbens, suggesting neurotoxicity. Our results suggest that JWH-081 and JWH-210 may be neurotoxic substances through changing neuronal cell damages, especially in the core shell part of nucleus accumbens. To confirm our findings, further studies are needed in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1197-1206
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• 2023

To assess the risk level of a public restroom implemented in virtual reality, we sought to evaluate the spatial elements present in the restroom. To provide the theoretical foundation for the evaluation subjects and criteria, we introduced prior research that proposed a checklist to entance the safety of public restroom. To set up evaluation criteria, we analyzed and established based on the theories of Paul J. Brantingham and Patricia L. Brantingham, focusing on the interaction between space and criminals. Ronald V. Clarke's "Routine Activity Theory" was also introduced and incorporated into the evaluation approach. We analyzed based on the correlation between the criminal, user, and spatial elements of the public restroom in terms of the criminal's actions, the spatial relevance to crime, and user exposure during use. Using these criteria, we developed an algorithm to evaluate th spatial elements of public restroom. Based on this, we created an application, demonstrating the feasibility of developing on evaluation tool.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2000

The present study was carried out to investigate the actual condition of the evaluation of science learning in the secondary school, and to develop the basic data for the improvement of the science learning assessment. Various questions for three evaluative domains were asked to 51 science teachers with the questionnaire during the in-service training course for certificate on summer in 1998. The cognition of the table of specification appeared high as 98% responses to the questionnaire, but the teachers' ability to distinguish behavioral elements was low as 47% responses. The evaluative rate of three domains for knowledge, skill and attitude appeared as 45%, 35% and 20% evaluation in both diagnostic and formative evaluation and 40%, 40% and 20% evaluation in summative evaluation. The evaluation of process skill appeared a tendency depending on laboratory reports as 61%, and was higher rather than in the formative evaluation or summative evaluation. In the evaluation of attitude domain, about a half of teachers answered that they evaluated the domain with laboratory reports as 43%, and some teachers evaluated the domain with teacher's observation as 33%. Also there were a few teachers who did not evaluate the attitude domain as 8%. The rate for the elements of the process skill appeared 86% responses in the interpretation of data, 31% in the observative ability, 18% in the predictive ability, 14% in the classified ability, 12% in the measuring and data-investigating ability, 4% in the discussion ability, and 2% in the investigating ability. We could find out that many teachers had given higher rate in the evaluation of process skill and attitude rather than before the present study, therefore there was more improvement in the evaluation for process skill and attitude domain after the 6th curriculum.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.532-546
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• 2001

This report is the result of interim evaluation of a health promotion project which was operated by a public health center of K Gu in the year of 2000. It evaluated the aspects of the aim of a project, a target group. and adequacy and appropriateness of a approaching strategy by considering data of public health center's self-evaluation, and guidelines of a group assigned to evaluate the project. The way of evaluation was dividing the project into a colligated evaluation and a evaluation by projects in the aspects of the structure, the procedure. and the result of a result. Through this. a device to improve the health improvement project was derived. The target data for evaluation was the second data and data of self-evaluation, reported data, membership register data of a health management. and interview materials with the people in charge by projects that are all collected as a project management documents. The result of evaluation is stated below. 1. Main purpose of a health promotion project is building a environment of healthy life practicing and providing information through various ways to increase the rate of practicing healthy life. Through overall project. the ultimate purpose and definite purpose were same, however, it was not quite satisfied to offer planning of a time, and a target amount in detailed strategy. As the purpose was to build environment of healthy life practicing. most of the projects had the whole community citizen as a target group. That made difficult to operate detailed projects. so the result was hard to estimate as much as the effort put into it. Also, there were too many kinds of projects and target groups to be equal to by the human source of a health promotion project team. so we were just bent on operating a project. and could not prepare for the evaluation. As the most of former evaluation of public health service was just counting number of the objects, the new way of evaluating a project wasn't familiar to us. so the evaluation of a detailed project cannot be done well. Techniques and advices needed for all of these things weren't offered appropriately. For the forward direction of unfolding project. it is desirable to operate project by selecting focused target and considering a strategy of evaluation as a strategy of reasonable spread. The evaluation of the project became difficult as participation of citizen for it was poor. So, approach strategy that can lead the motivation of community citizen should be derived. 2. For the continuation of a health promotion project, technical assistance system. description of a field in charge, and arrangement of the amount of task should be developed as a central level. Furthermore, as the health promotion project focus on behavioral modification program whose purpose is to lessen dangerous factors. the public health service model which is incorporated with former project should be developed and spread out in the field for the object-centered project plan.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.266-271
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• 2017

Synthetic cannabinoids are one of most abused new psychoactive substances. The recreational use of abused drug has aroused serious concerns about the consequences of these drugs on infection. However, the effects of synthetic cannabinoid on resistance to tetanus toxin are not fully understood yet. In the present study, we aimed to determine if the administration of synthetic cannabinoids increase the susceptibility to tetanus toxin-induced motor behavioral deficit and functional changes in cerebellar neurons in mice. Furthermore, we measured T lymphocytes marker levels, such as CD8 and CD4 which against tetanus toxin. JWH-210 administration decreased expression levels of T cell activators including cluster of differentiation (CD) $3{\varepsilon}$, $CD3{\gamma}$, CD74p31, and CD74p41. In addition, we demonstrated that JWH-210 induced motor impairment and decrement of vesicle-associated membrane proteins 2 levels in the cerebellum of mice treated with tetanus toxin. Furthermore, cerebellar glutamatergic neuronal homeostasis was hampered by JWH-210 administration, as evidenced by increased glutamate concentration levels in the cerebellum. These results suggest that JWH-210 may increase the vulnerability to tetanus toxin via the regulation of immune function.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to develop and evaluate the a web-based simulation program on patient rights education using integrated decision making model into values clarification for nurse students. Methods: The program was designed based on the Aless & Trollip model and Ford, Trygstad-Durland & Nelms's decision model. Focus groups interviews, surveys on learning needs for patient rights, and specialist interviews were used to develop for simulation scenarios and decision making modules. The simulation program was evaluated between May, 2011 and April, 2012 by 30 student nurses using an application of the web-based program evaluation tools by Chung. Results: Simulation content was composed of two scenarios on patient rights: the rights of patients with HIV and the rights of psychiatric patients. It was composed of two decision making modules which were established for value clarifications, behavioral objective formations, problems identifications, option generations, alternatives analysis, and decision evaluations. The simulation program was composed of screens for teacher and learner. The program was positively evaluated with a mean score of $3.14{\pm}0.33$. Conclusion: These study results make an important contribution to the application of educational simulation programs for nurse students' behavior and their decision making ability in protecting the patient rights.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.25-39
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• 2002

This study suggests a revised TAM (Technology Acceptance Model)-based performance evaluation model in MS (management science) education. Recently, many MS education programs are developed on the basis of computer and Internet communication technology. Previous researchers used TAM as an individual performance evaluation model, and proved that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are the substantive successful factors. This study provides a revised TAM-based conceptual framework for understanding what is involved in improving university MS education and what might be implied by conducting research on its improvement. It is argued in this research that three sets of forces and conditions have a direct and indirect impact on MS education ; first, each student has self efficacy and it is a critical determinant of behavior next, the use of Internet-based information system at MS education affects on the renewal of MS education : and finally, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have impacts on behavioral intention and actual system usage. This research concludes with suggestions for which direction this framework provides for future research on the premise and limits of efforts to renew MS education in university.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.277-281
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• 2011

Failure to thrive (FTT) is a term generally used to describe an infant or child whose current weight or rate of weight gains is significantly below that expected of similar children of the same age, sex and ethnicity. It usually describes infants in whom linear growth and head circumference are either not affected, or are affected to a lesser degree than weight. FTT is a common problem, usually recognized within the first 1-2 years of life, but may present at any time in childhood. Most cases of failure to thrive involve inadequate caloric intake caused by behavioral or psychosocial issues. The most important part of the outpatient evaluation is obtaining an accurate account of a child's eating habits and caloric intake. Routine laboratory testing rarely identifies a cause and is not generally recommended. FTT, its evaluation, and its therapeutic interventions are best approached by a multi-disciplinary team includes a nutritionist, a physical therapist, a psychologist and a gastroenterologist. Long term sequelae involving all areas of growth, behavior and development may be seen in children suffering from FTT. Early detection and early intervention by a multidisciplinary team will minimize its long term disadvantage. Appropriate nutritional counseling and anticipatory guidance at each well child visit may help prevent some cause of FTT.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2009

Relating to grasping sequential landscape characteristics in consideration of the behavioral characteristics of the subject experiencing visual perception, this study was made on the subject of main walking line section for visitors of three treasures of Buddhist temples. Especially, as a method of obtaining data for grasping sequential visual perception landscape, the researcher employed [momentum sequential viewpoint setup] according to [the interval of pointers arbitrarily] and fisheye-lens-camera photography using the obtained omni-directional angle visual perception information. As a result, in terms of viewpoint selection, factors like approach road form, change in circulation axis, change in the ground surface level, appearance of objects, etc. were verified to make effect, and among these, approach road form and circulation axis change turned out to be the greatest influences. In addition, as a result of reviewing the effectiveness via the subjects, for the sake of qualitative evaluation of landscape components using the VR picture image obtained in the process of acquiring omni-directional angle visual perception information, a positive result over certain values was earned in terms of panoramic vision, scene reproduction, three-dimensional perspective, etc. This convinces us of the possibility to activate the qualitative evaluation of omni-directional angle picture information and the study of landscape through it henceforth.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

To reduce tobacco use and related harm in Korea, telephone based cessation services (Quitlines) began full operation to provide regular behavioral counseling for smoking cessation in 2006. After registration in the cessation program, at least 21 calls per year are given to each client to help quit and encourage maintenance. Tailored programs for males, females, and adolescent smokers have been offered taking into account smokers' characteristics and smoking behavior. Mailing self-help quit packs and e-mail and SMS services are allowable as additional services.A total of 23,201 smokers were registered on the Quitline program from 2006 to 2014. In 2014, an average of 13,343 calls per month have been received by 28 coaches, the 1 year abstinence rate of clients is 26%, and clients' satisfaction rate is 81.6%. After introduction of the call system in 2007, client convenience and effective operations have been achieved with high technology support of a computer-based telephone system. Systematic education and evaluation programs for quit coaches have contributed to quality assurance of the services. Currently, research into development of new programs and evaluation of Quitline performance is being undertaken. A Comprehensive Multi-channel Cessation Center (CMCC) has been suggested and is now planned as a next step in the national program for smoking cessation.