• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.396-404
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of group art therapy on the withdrawn behavior, social behavior, social problems, anxiousness/depression, internalizing problems, total behavior problems and self-esteem in children who are withdrawn. Method: A randomized controlled pre-post test design was used. The participants were 31 children who were withdrawn attending J. P. Elementary School in Pohang City. Sixteen were assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The program consisted of 20 sessions of 80 minutes per session, 2 days a week, for 10 weeks. Instruments used for this study were the Children's Behavior Check List -Korean version (K-CBCL) and a self-esteem inventory. The data were analyzed using fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Thescores for withdrawn behavior, social problems, anxiousness/depression, internalizing problems and total behavior problems decreased significantly in the experimental group as compare to the control group. Social behavior and self-esteem increased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the pontential and beneficial effects of group art therapy in children who are withdrawn. The program could be adequately used to improve problem behavior in withdrawn children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.223-238
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of children's temperament, social competence, emotional intelligence, morality and parent's child rearing attitudes on young children's internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. Subjects were l34 five-year-old children attending day-care centers and kindergartens in Seoul, Korea. Analysis of the relationships among these variables was by correlation and stepwise multiple regressions. There were statistically significant correlations among the variables of temperament, social competence and parents' child rearing attitudes and young children's behavior problems. Variables influencing young children's internalizing behavior problems were children's temperament and parents' child-rearing attitudes; variables influencing children's externalizing behavior problems were children's temperament, their social competence, and parents' child-rearing attitudes.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-58
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• 2000

Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY) were used to examine factors related to adolescent behavior problems, smoking, and delinquency. This study focuses particularly on the factors in an adolescent s immediate environment such as family, school, peers, and neighborhood (i.e. the microsystems) for the identification, prevention, and early intervention of adolescent behavior problems, smoking, and delinquent behavior. Both African American and Caucasian American adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 for whom data were available in the NLSY were included in this study (N=788). Results indicate that delinquent peer pressure and negative attitudes toward school are important determinants of behavior problems, smoking, and delinquency of American adolescents. Differences between African American and Caucasian American adolescents are highlighted.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.179-191
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investgate consumer problems which were severe for consumers and their complaining behavior. This research had a purpose to enhance the ability of consumer protection by the well-developed consumer education. The subjects were 342 homewives in Seoul, Feb. 1995. The major results were as follows : Younger, higher-educated, small sized family and white-collor and professional occupation homewives experienced more consumer problems. Also theses homewives with higher level of consumer attitude, information search and more consumer problems had more complaining behavior. For the causal relation of consumer problems experience, several independent variables and consumer complaining behavior, the path analysis was used. Only the consumer problem experience which was a intervening variable had direct affect to the consumer complaining behavior. Education level, number of family, consumer knowledge had inderect affect through the intervening variable to the consumer complaining behavior.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-128
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• 2018

Objective: This study examined the relationships among mothers' marital satisfaction, parenting behavior, and preschoolers' sleep problems. Methods: Three hundred mothers of preschoolers completed questionnaires on three research variables. Data were analyzed by correlation analyses and regression analyses. Results: First, mothers' marital satisfaction was negatively related to preschoolers' sleep problems. Second, mothers' marital satisfaction was positively associated with warmth and reasoning, while mothers' marital satisfaction was negatively associated with intrusiveness, coercion, and neglect. Third, mothers' warmth and reasoning were negatively linked to preschoolers' sleep problems, but mothers' coercion was positively linked to preschoolers' sleep problems. Lastly, mothers' warmth partially mediated the relationship between mothers' marital satisfaction and preschoolers' sleep problems. Conclusion/Implications: This study confirmed that mothers' marital satisfaction and parenting behavior had an influence on preschoolers' sleep problems. These findings highlight the importance of the family context for preschoolers' healthy sleeping habits.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.847-860
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to obtain basic data needed to understand school-age children's parent-child communication style, stress coping behaviors, and child behavior problems. The subject of this study were 362 primary school children (the fourth and the sixth graders) and their mothers in "D" Metropolitan City, Korea. The research tools included standardized parent-child communication style scale (Min,l991), stress coping behaviors scale (Min,1998), and child behavior problems scale (Hun,l996). The data were analyzed using statistical techniques such as Mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentile, t-test, F-test, pearson's correlational analysis, stepwise regression analysis. In the relationship between child perceived parent-child communication style and stress coping behaviors, the children who make open communication with their parents demonstrate high problem-solving, support-seeking coping behavior. The children with closed communication with their parents have high hope expectation, revenge coping behavior. In the relationship between child perceived parent-child communication style and child behavior problem, the children making more closed communication with their parents show more behavior problems. The children with more closed communication with their mothers have more hyperactive behaviors, aggressive behaviors, and immature behaviors, and the children who are making more closed communication retain more anxious behaviors and withdrawn behaviors. In the relationship between child stress coping behaviors and behavior problems, the more problem-solving and support-seeking coping behaviors the children possess, the less problem behaviors they demonstrate. The more hope expectation, revenge coping behavior the children possess, the more problem behaviors they show. With the results above, we can find out that parent-child communication style has an effect on stress coping behavior, and parent-child communication style and stress coping behavior have an influence on child behavior problem.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.161-176
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• 2002

Among the causes of childhood behavioral problems - that is, physiological, psychological, and environmental factors -, the common element of non-organic psychological and environmental factors is influences from the parents. Roles of mother who does the biggest emotional exchange with the child after birth may have substantial association with the childhood behavioral problems. In this connection, the present explanatory study was conducted for the purpose of understanding the causal structural relationship in which mother's child caring behaviors affect child behavioral problems. The data collection period was July 2 - 7, 2001. The subject was 4th, 5th, 6th graders' mothers in 4 elementary schools located in Daejoen city and 299 surveys were used in the analysis. As for the tools used in this study to assess the mother's child caring Behavior Scale by Park, Seong-Yeon and Yi, Sook (1990) was used to measure the mother's behaviors. The child behavioral problems were measured with the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), standardized into the Korean version by O, Gyung-Ja, Yi, Hye-Ryon, Hong, Gang-Eui, and Ha, Eun-Hye. For the data processing, the frequency and the percentage were calculated, and the analyses of variance, correlation were carried out. The result of this study is summarized as follows: First, the examination of the effect of mother's general characteristics on the mother's caring behavior shows that significant differences are made by the active participation (p=0.020) in the occupation, affection(p=0.000), authority control(p=0.013), achievement(p=0.030), active participation(p=0.032) in the education level, consistency regulation(p=0.007) in the religion. Second, the examination of the effect of mother's caring behaviors on the child behavioral problems shows that significant differences are made by some child behavioral problems in the affection, achievement, consistency regulation, authority control, over protection caring behaviors. Third, as for the correlation between mother's child caring behavior and child behavioral problems, a significant correlation is revealed between the negative child caring behavior and child behavioral problems.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2011

The purposes of this study were to explore the gender differences in children's behavior problems, emotional regulation and social support, and to investigate differences between boys and girls in the interrelationships between these kinds of variables. The participants were 189 children in 4 to 6 grades and their teachers from one elementary school in Seoul. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. The results were as follows: (1) There were statistically significant gender differences in the children's behavior problems, emotional regulation and social support. (2) Children's negative emotion explained boys and girls acting out problems and learning problems. Children's positive emotion regulation explained boys' and girls' shy-anxious and learning problems. Boys, who perceived less support from parents, displayed more acting out behavior, boys who perceived less supports from friends showed more shy-anxious behavior, and boys who perceived less supports from teachers exhibited more learning problems.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2010

This study focused on the links between emotionality, interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence, and behavior problems in a sample of 185 four- to five-year-old children in kindergarten and daycare centers in Seoul. All variables were measured by the teachers of surveyed children. Collected data were analyzed by Simple Regression and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. The main results of this study were as follows: Firstly, children's positive and negative emotionality each exerted negative and positive effects on their interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence. Secondly, children's positive emotionality had a negative influence on internalizing behavior problems. On the other hand, children's negative emotionality had a positive influence on internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Finally, effect of children's positive emotionality on their internalizing behavior problems was totally mediated by interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence. On the other hand, effect of children's negative emotionality on their internalizing and externalizing behavior problems was partially mediated by their interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of body image, self-esteem, and behavior problems comparing children of short stature and children of normal height, and to enhance growth development through early detection of social or emotional problems in children of short stature. Methods: The data were collected from June 2 to September 25, 2008. The participants were 38 children who were diagnosed with short stature and their mothers and 38 children of age appropriate stature and their mothers selected from 311 elementary students in D city. The participants were matched by using propensity analysis for controlling confounding variables. Sapiro-Wilk test, t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS/WIN 14.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: There were significant differences in body image and behavior problems between children of short stature and children of age appropriate stature. There was no significant difference in self-esteem between the two groups. Positive correlation was found between body image and self-esteem. In children of age appropriate stature, a negative correlation was found between body image and behavior problems. Conclusion: A specialized program which focuses on behavior problems, body image, and self-esteem should be developed to help children of short stature in school-based settings.