• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.247-270
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• 2009

This paper reviews studies on information searching behavior in process control systems and discusses some implications learned from previous studies for use in human factors studies on nuclear power plants (NPPs) main control rooms (MCRs). Information searching behavior in NPPs depends on expectancy, value, salience, and effort. The first quantitative scanning model developed by Senders for instrument panel monitoring considered bandwidth (change rate) of instruments as a determining factor in scanning behavior. Senders' model was subsequently elaborated by other researchers to account for value in addition to bandwidth. There is also another type of model based on the operator's situation awareness (SA) which has been developed for NPP application. In these SA-based models, situation-event relations or rules on system dynamics are considered the most significant factor forming expectancy. From the review of previous studies it is recommended that, for NPP application, (1) a set of symptomatic information sources including both changed and unchanged symptoms should be considered along with bandwidth as determining factors governing information searching (or visual sampling) behavior; (2) both data-driven monitoring and knowledge-driven monitoring should be considered and balanced in a systematic way; (3) sound models describing mechanisms of cognitive activities during information searching tasks should be developed so as to bridge studies on information searching behavior and design improvement in HMI; (4) the attention-situation awareness (A-SA) modeling approach should be recognized as a promising approach to be examined further; and (5) information displays should be expected to have totally different characteristics in advanced control rooms. Hence much attention should be devoted to information searching behavior including human-machine interface (HMI) design and human cognitive processes.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.748-756
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• 2006

본연구는 생산과 수요 양면을 고려한 농업입지모델에서 농작물 시장가격의 단기 및 장기적 변화를 고찰한다. 농작물 가격과 생산량의 단기적 변화 상황은 생산량의 연간 변화량에 의해서 결정되는 것으로 파악하면서 수리적 모형을 제시한다. 장기적 모형에서 농작물의 가격은 여러 가지 농업을 둘러싼 환경 및 변수(수요, 생산량, 생산비용, 운송률)의 변화를 고려하였다. 또한 예상 수익 모델(expected return model)과 보장 수익 모델(guaranteed return model)을 각각 제시하면서, 농작물의 생산량과 가격의 장기적 변화를 조사한다. 농작물 가격 하락은 지대 및 토지 가격의 하락과 관련된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.278-302
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• 1994

This article reviewed and analyzed 39 studies on self efficacy theory applied to health related behavior. The following analysis was done : 1) study subjects 2) measurement tools 3) analysis according to the type of research design(intervention re-search, explanatory research). Some findings are summarized as follows : The study subjects were both healthy people in various developmental stages and patients with various illnesses. The health related behaviors examined in the studies were also various including exercise, smoking cessation, self care behaviors, etc. The measurement of self efficacy was done with specific tools in most studies. In the tools, activities that measured the health behavior domain were listed according to increasing difficulty or contexual arrangement or in combination of both of them The analysis of 17 intervention research studies showed that generally the intervention program increased the self efficacy level of subjects and then the increased strongly self efficacy influenced behavioral changes. Most studies used more than one intervention method for increasing the self efficacy level. these were derived from sources of self efficacy suggested by Bandura. The analysis of 21 explanatory research studies showed that self efficacy strongly influenced behavior change and persistence. The major independent variable to affect the self efficacy was performance accomplishment in the past. Self efficacy explained more of the variance in health related behavior when it was applied with the variables in the health belief model, health promotion model, and reasoned action theory. On the basis of the above findings, the following suggestions are made : 1. For a desirable research design, self efficacy should be the intervening variable. That is, desirable designs would include intervention-self efficacy-behavior in intervention research studies and antecedent-self efficacy-behavior in explanatory research studies. 2. More prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to test the effect of self efficacy on persistence in health related behavior. 3. Studies comparing the effects of intervention methods are needed for each health related behavior, subject group, and context. 4. It is necessary to develop a reliable, valid measurement tool for self efficacy for each health related behavior. 5. Studies to differenciate the effect of self efficacy from that of outcome expectation on the health related behavior are necessary. 6. The antecedents of self efficacy should be investigated further.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2007

The phase transition behavior of $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ (GST) thin film, which is a candidate material of recording layer for phase change random access memory (PRAM), has been evaluated using an in-situ reflectance measurement method. The experimental data have been analyzed by using johnson-mehl-avrami-kolomogorov (JMAK) model. JMAK model can be used only in isothermal state. However, temperature changes with time during the operation of PRAM. To apply JMAK equation to PRAM simulation, it has been assumed that the temperature increases stepwise and isothermally. By using JMAK equation and assumption for the transient state, the phase transition behavior of GST thin film has been predicted under $3^{\circ}C/min$ heating rate in this study. The simulation result agrees well with the experimental results. Therefore, It can be concluded that JMAK equation can be used far the PRAM simulation model.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2005

Interrupted creep tests for investigating the structural degradation during creep were conducted for a Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel in the range of stress from 71 to 167 MPa and temperature from 873 to 923 K. The change of hardness and tempered martensitic lath width was measured in grip and gauge parts of interrupted creep specimens. The lath structure was thermally stable in static conditions. However, it was not stable during creep, and the structural change was enhanced by creep strain. The relation between the change in lath width and creep strain was described quantitatively. The change in Vickers hardness was expressed by a single valued function of creep LCR(life consumption ratio). Based on the empirical relation between strain and lath width, a model was proposed to describe the relation between change in hardness and creep LCR. The comparison of the model with the empirical relation suggests that about 65% of hardness loss is due to the decrease of dislocation density accompanied by the movement of lath boundaries. The role of precipitates on subboundaries was discussed in connection with the abnormal subgrain growth appearing in low stress regime.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2014

Use of geotextile as reinforcement material to improve the weak soil is a popular method these days. Tensile strength of geotextile and the soil-geotextile interaction are the major factors which influence the improvement of the soil. Change in fine content within the sand can change the interface behavior between soil and geotextile. In the present paper, the bearing capacity of unreinforced and geotextile-reinforced sand with different percentages of fines has been studied. A series of model tests have been carried out and the load settlement curves are obtained. The ultimate load carrying capacity of unreinforced and reinforced sand with different percentages of fines is compared. The interface behavior of sand and geotextile with various percentages of fines is also studied. It is observed that sand having around 5% of fine is suitable or permissible for bearing capacity improvement due to the application of geosynthetic reinforcement. The effectiveness of the reinforcement in load carrying capacity improvement decreases due to the addition of excessive amount of fines.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.165-191
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• 2017

본 연구는 국내 약물사용자의 치료서비스 이용 의도에 대한 주요 예측요인을 규명하는 데 목적이 있다. 건강서비스이용행동모형에 계획행동이론을 수렴한 확장된 건강서비스이용행동모형을 이론적 틀로 하여, 약물사용자의 개인 특성 요인(선행, 가능, 욕구요인)과 약물중독 치료서비스 이용에 대한 태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동통제감이 약물중독 치료서비스 이용 의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 약물사용자의 개인 특성 중 치료서비스 이용 의도에 직 간접적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인은 선행요인 중 성별, 과거치료경험, 그리고 욕구요인 중 정신과적 진단, 불안 우울, 약물남용심각도로 나타났다. 계획행동이론의 설명 요인 중 치료서비스 이용 의도에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인은 주관적 규범과 지각된 행동통제감으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 약물사용자의 약물중독 치료서비스 이용 증진을 위하여 여성에 대한 고려, 긍정적 치료 노출 확대, 치료서비스에 대한 주관적 규범 및 지각된 행동통제감 강화 등의 노력이 필요함을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.68-82
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• 2002

My responses to Kim Kyung-Ok's Critique on my critique on the Hungerford approach can be summarized as follows; First, it was argued that possible confusions and misunderstandings around the concept of behavior in REB were mainly caused by Hungerford himself who has used the word in several different ways, from a bunch of overt actions to almost all kinds of responses including cognitive skills, without any clear operational definition of it for more than 20 years. It seems to be needed for future users of the word, 'Behavior' to Prevent unnecessary confusions by providing their operational definition of it. Second, REB is too ambiguous to be a legitimate goal of environmental education and too outcome-oriented to be a meaningful measure for environmental education research. Anyone who accept REB as a goal of EE or a measure for research should clearly suggest procedures and criteria for judging the environmental responsibility of actions under consideration. Third, the Hungerford approach has begun by realizing the limit of a linear traditional behavior change system and has been evolving toward a complex model with dynamic interactions among/between cognitive variables and affective variables. However, it still has one-way structural orientation toward 'Behavior' with no feedbacks. Addition of some feedback processes would make the model more flexible and realistic. Finally, both the Hines model and the Hungeford model were established based on a series of behavioristic studies including three doctoral dissertations equiped with a list of actions which were prejudged to be environmentally responsible by the researchers, not by the learners. What they were primarily interested in was not how mind functions during the learning processes but how learners' behavior can be effectively changed. Considering uncertainty and complexity associated with environmental problems, a great deal of efforts ought to be made toward more context-based and less normative studies applying cognitive psychology and quantitative approaches.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to develop a Dietary Education Program focused on Slow Life (DEPSL) and verified its effectiveness in elementary school children using the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The DEPSL was developed effectively according to the systematic program development model, ADDIE. The developed DEPSL was applied to the Education group (EDU), which was total of 130 students aged 12-13 in an elementary school by trained instructors for five weeks. The control group (CON) composed of 100 students of the same age was not given any dietary education. Pre- and post- questionnaires were collected from the students in both groups to compare the change in students' dietary life during educational intervention between EDU and CON. EDU showed significant positive effects in all extended TPB variables (p< .01), but CON showed a significant difference only in the 'knowledge' and 'behavior intention' (p< .05). In addition, the extended TPB model verified its conformity to determine if the effect of education leads to a change in the children's behavior. In conclusion, the DEPSL has a positive impacts on dietary life in school children. Nevertheless, further research will be needed to develop various and specialized dietary education programs with different level of grades in other school areas.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2006

Objectives: Recent studies have shown that tailoring to women's individual beliefs and stage of cancer screening adoption increase the probability that cancer screening will ensue. To identify variables associated with cancer screening behavior, many studies for cancer screening have used the Transtheoretical Model(TTM). This study was carried out to identity the cognitive and behavioral factors associated with breast cancer screening by stages of change among women, forties aged. Methods: Building on the TTM constructs, we collected the data to test the association with cognitive and behavioral factors for breast cancer screening by stage of change among women, forties aged (N=232), using the self-reported questionnaire. The stages of change were grouped according to screening participation and intention for breast cancer as precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. We found out the association between breast cancer screening and cognitive and behavioral factors, and testified the difference between stages of change by chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple comparison analysis(Duncan test). Results: Analyses of 232 women showed that participation on mammography was 68.1% within lifetime and 46.1% within last 2 years, and we found out the association with breast cancer screening participation, intention and cognitive-behavioral factors. The stages of change based on participation and intention were different from the decisional balance, the screening attitude, and the self-efficacy(p<0.01). The decisional balance was differ from stages of change because the difference on opinions about pros(positives) and cons(negative) were likely to significant by stages of change(p<0.05, p<0.01). Conclusion: To increase the screening rate for breast cancer, it should be developed the tailored message and recommend guideline. And the tailored message should be designed to increase the pros of breast cancer screening(mammography) and to decrease the cons, and considered the woman's stage of adoption.