• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.17-20
• /
• 2005

Natural products has been occasionally used in place of growth regulators to control lateral root formation and growth of soybean sprouts. The study was done to measure the effects of treatment concentration of hard rubber tree (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf extract on lateral root formation, growth and morphological characters of the sprouts. Seeds of three cultivars, Pungsannamulkong, Sowonkong and Junjery, were imbibed for 5 hours into water, its 5 and 10% solutions immediately before 6 day culture. The cultured sprouts were classified into 4 categories to calculate their composition rates on the base of hypocotyl lengths; >7 cm (A),4 to 7 cm (B),<4 cm (C) and not germinated (D), and their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Rate of A was decreased with increased concentrations, while that of C showed reverse result compared to A. Regardless of concentrations, the former rate was less in cv. Junjery than in cv. Pungsannamulkong and Sowonkong than in cv. Junjery although the latter rate was truly opposite to the former one. In 10% treatment concentration, lateral roots were less formed in cv. Junjery although nearly formed in cv. Pungsannamulkong and Sowonkong. In all the 3 cultivars, lateral roots per sprouts were decreased with increased treatment concentration. shorter and thicker sprout was observed in cv. Junjery than in the other cultivars, and in increased concentrations compared to relatively lower ones. Total fresh weight was the greatest in cv. Sowonkong due to mainly increment of its hypocotyl, but was reduced with increased concentration due to mainly decrement of hypocotyl in all the cultivars.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.537-544
• /
• 2016

Barley (Hardeum vulgare L.) sprout has received much attention in recent years as a functional food in many countries, especially in Korea and Japan. It has been reported that barley sprouts are comprised of 52.6% polysaccharides, 34.1% proteins, and 4.97% fats, along with a variety of vitamins, minerals, and polyphenols. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extracts of barley sprouts. We examined the inhibitory effect of barley sprout extracts (BSE) on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. BSE contains high amounts of phenolics and flavonoids and exhibits potent anti-oxidative activity, as depicted by the DPPH radical-scavenging experiment. The concentration of total phenols was 17.55 μg/ml, and flavonoids, 13.98 μg/ml. We also investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of BSE in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and PGE₂ production, which had increased as a result of treatment with LPS, were significantly inhibited by BSE in a dose-dependent manner. BSE also significantly suppressed LPS-induced production of NO, and this was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of the iNOS and COX-2 proteins. These results indicate that barley sprouts may be a highly valuable natural product owing to its high-quality functional components as well as its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.253-259
• /
• 2010

The neuroprotective effects of extracts from various parts of peanut sprouts on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in N18-RE-105 cells were investigated. This study was performed to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of methanolic extracts from the whole (WME), heads (HME), and stems (SME) of peanut sprouts. The neuroprotective effects of these extracts were measured by MTT reduction assay, LDH release assay, phase-contrast microscopy, and flow cytometric analysis on the N18-RE-105 cells. Among these extracts, the HME showed the greatest neuroprotective effects, and was further fractionated with hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water, according to degree of polarity. Out of the fractionated extracts, the diethyl ether layer showed the highest activity on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in N18-RE-105 cells. The sub-G1 DNA contents of the glutamate-induced severely apoptotic N18-RE-105s were measured by flow cytometric analysis to confirm the HME's anti-apoptotic activity. Interestingly, after incubation with 100 mg/ml of the HME, the proportion of sub-G1 cells of the glutamate-stressed N18-RE-105s had been greatly reduced, from 58.5% to 9.1%. These results imply that HME may have strong potential as a chemotherapeutic agent against neuronal diseases.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 1977

Asparagine biosynthesis by soybean sprouts grown under the dark conditions has been demonstrated. The amount of free asparagine synthesized in ten day-old soybean sprouts increases to 22.7% on the dry weight base. The effects of nitrogen compounds such as $NH_4Cl,\;(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and urea on asparagine synthesis during the sprouting were examined and the results showed that urea was more effective than other two compounds. Glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase was partially purified (8.6 folds) through ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The enzyme was very labile and required protection by thiol groups or high level of glycerol. The mixture of ATP and $Mg^{++}$ ion also stabilized the enzyme activity. The enzyme utilized glutamine more effectively than ${NH_4}^+$ as an amide donor for the formation of asparagine. The enzyme required L-aspartate (Km=3.1 mM), L-glutamine, ATP and $Mg^{++}$. It showed pH optimum of 7.5 and catalyzed the formation of ${\beta}-aspartyl$ hydroxamate in the presence of L-aspartate, ATP, $Mg^{++}$ and $NH_2OH$ in the reaction mixture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.304-309
• /
• 2008

All the seeds of rape (Brassica napus) sprout vegetables were germinated within three days after seeding irrelevant to the light colors. The total fresh weight of rape sprout vegetables at 6 days after seeding have been increased when grown under green and white color lights by 0.339g/10plants and 0.339g/10plants compared with the control. The total flavonoid contents in rape sprouts were increased under red and blue lights by 72.5 and 70.9mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$. Those DPPH radical scavenging activities at 2,000mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$ were increased by 90.0 and 90.3% which were sprouted and grown under blue and white lights. Nitrite radical scavenging activity of sprouts were most decreased compared with the control when grown under the red light by 57.4mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$. And mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity of rape sprouts was extremely increased under the green light by 22.5mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2000

Phytoestrogen has been used as a suppliment of estrogen in order to treat osteoporosis. The representative phytoestrogens, isoflavones, are daidzein, genistein and formononetin which were present highly in our traditional soybean foods. The quantitative analysis of the isoflavone was done with a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) using a UV/VIS detector for the contents of the isoflavones in Astragali Radix, soybean sprouts, bean-curd(Tofu), soybean, soybean oil, pea, kidney pea, black bean(Yak-kong), soybean sauce(Ganjang). soybean paste(Doenjang), and fermented soybean(Maejoo). The content of free daidzein in soybean sprouts was $43.49{\pm}3.41\;mg/kg$$ which was much higher than that in soybean, $14.52{\pm}0.58\;mg/kg$, although total daidzein of fermented soybean was lower than that in soybean (Table 2. P<0.01). The amounts of free genistein in soybean sprouts, fermented soybean. and soybean paste were $27.63{\pm}1.66\;mg/kg,\;291.52{\pm}6.81\;mg/kg,\;and\;18.75{\pm}1.33\;mg/kg$, respectively. The level of free formononetin in soybean paste was the highest among the soybean products (P<0.01). The content of formononetin in Aatragali Radix, $9629.73{\pm}0.57\;{\mu}g/kg$, was about 160 times higher than that in soybean. Thus Korean traditional soybean products, black bean(Yak-Kong) and Astragali Radix can be a good choice of phytoestrogens.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.218-229
• /
• 2021

Recently, as consumers' interest and importance in health care have significantly increased, they prefer natural and organic foods that do not use chemical pesticides. Since sprout vegetables effectively promote health and prevent diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, the consumption of sprout vegetables, a highly functional and safe food, has been increased significantly. This study aimed to investigate the effect of light on the growth and bioactive compounds of seven different sprout vegetables. After sowing the seeds of various sprout vegetables (kale, Chinese kale, broccoli, red cabbage, alfalfa, red radish, and radish), the sprouts were cultivated under light conditions (20℃, RGB 6:1:3, 130 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, 12 hours photoperiod) and dark condition for 7 days. Sprouts samples were taken at 1-day intervals from 4 to 7 days after treatment. The fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, total phenol content, and antioxidant capacity were measured. Brassica species (kale, Chinese kale, broccoli, red cabbage) and Medicago species (alfalfa) had significantly higher fresh weight values under dark conditions, while the content of bioactive compounds was increased considerably under light conditions. In contrast, the fresh weight of Raphanus genus (red radish, radish) significantly increased under the light condition, but the antioxidant phenolic compounds were significantly higher under the dark state. A negative correlation was observed between the growth and secondary metabolites in various sprout vegetables. This study confirmed the effect of light and dark conditions on different sprout vegetables' growth and nutritional value and emphasizes the importance of harvest time in producing high-quality sprout vegetables.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.335-343
• /
• 2005

Rodent models have been used to study the anticarcinogenic properties of the soy isoflavones, particularly genistein, but there is little information regarding the pharmacokinetics of the absorption and excretion of genistein. In this study, rats were given a single oral dose of genistein (20 mg/kg body wt) or an equivalent dose as Myougjoonamul-kong and Myoungjoonamul soy sprouts. Concentrations of genistein were measured in plasma, urine and feces at intervals up to 48hr after dosing. Maximum peak of plasma genistein concentration is 8 hr after dosing, and its concentration is 13.2, 7.4mol/L in soy and soy sprout-treated rats, respectively. In pure genistein treated rats, maximum peak of plasma genistein concentration is 2hr after dosing (5.7 mol/L). The percentage of dose recovered in urine over 48hr was not different between groups ($21.2\%$ soy treated; $18.2\%$ soy sprout treated; $16.1\%$ pure genistein treated). There were no significant differences between groups in the recovery of genistein in feces ($19.5\%,\;7.5\%\;and\;15.7\%$ of doses, respectively). $6.9\%\;and\;6.07\%$ of the daidzein from the soy and soy sprout treated was recovered in the feces.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.50
• /
• pp.70-75
• /
• 2023

In legumes, soyasaponins, one of triterpenoid saponins, are major components of secondary metabolites with a more diverse array of bioactive chemicals. Although the biosynthetic pathway of soyasaponins has been largely studied in soybean, the study on the soyasaponin contents and biosynthesis-related gene expression in pea (Pisum sativum L.) is poorly understood. Here, we found the accumulation of only soyasaponin Bb component in the sprouts of two Korean domestic pea cultivars (Dachung and Sachul). This pattern was consistent with our observation that increased expression of PsUGT73P2 and PsUGT91H4 genes, but not PsCYP72A69, could be responsible for biosynthesis of only soyasaponin Bb in pea by examining their gene expression. However, gradual accumulation of soyasaponin Bb at developmental stages was not consistent with the expression of PsUGT73P2 and PsUGT91H4, suggesting that the changes of their protein activities may affect the accumulation patterns of soyasaponin Bb. We also revealed that the increased expression levels of PsUGT73P2 and PsUGT91H4 during light to dark transition led to increase of soyasaponin Bb contents. Collectively, our results provided a molecular basis of metabolic engineering for enhancing useful soyasaponin Bb metabolites in Korean domestic pea cultivars.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2013

Six kinds of sprout vegetables were applied three and six types of non-perforated breathable propylene films (NPB film) for individual and mixed modified atmosphere (MA) package condition at $10^{\circ}C$ on this study. As a tah tasai, kohlrabi, rape, chinese cabbage, red radish, broccoli sprouts were packaged by 20,000, 60,000, and 100,000 $cc{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ non-perforated breathable films for seven days storage. Mixed sprout vegetables were used 20,000 cc, 40,000 cc, 60,000 cc, 80,000 cc, and 100,000 $cc{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ non-perforated breathable films for seven days storage. Loss rate of fresh weight, changes of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ethylene gas concentration were measured during the storage. Visual quality and off-flavor were rated by panel tests after seven days storage. Each sprout vegetable storage with film tests had been shown under the 0.5% fresh weight loss in every packaged films, and the 20,000cc NPB film package had been suitable atmosphere condition in the carbon dioxide and oxygen gas concentration. Appearance and off-odor of sprouts packaged with 20,000cc NPB film were shown better than other films because of the proper gas movement through the film to outside during the storage. Fresh weight loss of the mixed sprout vegetables had no difference among the NPB films for seven days storage. The 20,000 cc film had been resulted in that exchange rate of carbon dioxide and oxygen was highest cause of low film permeability than sprouts respiration. But the film is not good for storage because it has been made poor value of off-order even showed high visual quality from panel test after storage. 40,000 cc and 60,000 cc non-perforated breathable films were more suitable for mixed sprout vegetable storage at $10^{\circ}C$. These result suggested that 20,000 cc NPB film was good for single packaged sprout vegetable and 40,000 cc and 60,000 cc non-perforated breathable films were good for mixed packaged sprout vegetable.