• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Plant factory system of an artificial light type using Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), fluorescent light, or metal halide lamp instead of sun light is an ultimated method for plant production without any pesticides regardless of seasonal changes. The plant factory is also completely isolated from outside environmental conditions such as a light, temperature, or humidity compared to conventional greenhouse. Light-environment control such as a quality or quantity in the plant factory system is essential for improving the growth and development of plant species. However, there was little report that the effects of various light qualities provided by LEDs on Ledebouriella seseloides growth under the plant factory system. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ledebouriella seseloides seedlings transplanted at urethane sponge were grown in the plant factory system of a horizontal type with LED artificial lights for 90 days. Yamazaki solution for hydroponic culture of the seedlings was regularly irrigated by the deep flow technique (DFT) system on the culture gutters. Electrical Conductivity (EC) and pH of the solution was recorded at 1.4 ds/m and 5.8 in average, respectively during the experimental period. Number of unfolded leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh and dry weight of the seedlings were three times measured in every 30 days after beginning of the experiment. Blue LEDs, red LEDs, and fluorescent lights inside the plant factory were used as light sources. Conventional fluorescent lamps were considered as a control. In all the treatment, light intensity was maintained at $100{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ on the culture bed. Fresh weight of the seedlings was 3.7 times greater in the treatment with the mixture radiation of fluorescent light and blue+red LEDs (1:3 in energy ratio; Treatment FLBR13) than in fluorescent light treatment (Treatment FL). In FLBR13 treatment, dry weight per seedling was two times greater than in FL or BR11 treatment of blue+red LEDs (1:3 in energy ratio; Treatment BR11) during the culture period. Increasing in number of unfolded leaves was also significantly affected by the FLBR13 treatment comparing with BR11 treatment. CONCLUSION(S): Hydroponic culture of Ledebouriella seseloides seedlings was successfully achieved in the plant factory system with mixture lights of blue, red LEDs and fluorescent lights. Shoot growth of the seedlings was significantly promoted by the FLBR13 with the mixture radiation of fluorescent light, blue, and red LEDs under 1:3 mixture ratio of blue and red LEDs during the experimental period compared to conventional light conditions.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2006

Trichoderma harzianum YC459 (Th 459), isolated from sawdust compost, was effective in controlling cucumber and tomato gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea under controlled and plastic film tunnel conditions. A water suspension of the wettable powder formulation of Th 459 significantly $(P\leq0.05)$ reduced the severity of cucumber gray mold by foliar spraying at all tested concentrations from $10^5\;to\;10^8$ colony forming unit (cfu)/ml in repeated experiments. The control efficacy was maintained at least seven days with the average control value of 70% in cucumber pot tests. Mixing one to eight grams of the granular formulation ($10^8cfu/g$ dry weight) of Th 459 into one liter nursery potting mix at seeding also significantly $(P\leq0.05)$ reduced the severity of cucumber gray mold by suppression of lesion formation three weeks after treatment. Application of mixing granular formulation at seeding in combination with foliar spraying during cultivation provided a more significant reduction $(P\leq0.05)$ of cucumber gray mold than granule mixing or leaf spray alone. The foliar spraying of the formulated wettable powder of Th 459 significantly $(P\leq0.05)$ reduced the infection of tomato fruits by B. cinerea as effective as the chemical fungicide, dichlofluanid, in three plastic film tunnel experiment trials. It is suggested that effective control of gray mold of cucumber and tomato can be provided by both treatment of Th 459 into potting mix and foliar spray through induction of systemic resistance and direct inhibition of the pathogen.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.242-248
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• 2016

This research was conducted to determine the effects of four different substrates, expanded rice hulls (ERH), commercial substrates for strawberries (CSS), clay sand (CS), and loamy sand (LS), on the inhibition of anthracnose crown rot (ACR) in strawberry. Mother plants of 'Seolhyang' strawberry were transplanted into an elevated bed in March, 2013 and March, 2014 and the runners connecting mother plants and daughter plants were cut in early August of both years. After separation, growth characteristics of the daughter plants were measured and then each daughter plant was inoculated with conidial suspensions of Colletotrichum fructicola, one of several species of Colletotrichum that causes ACR in strawberries. The incidence of ACR as influenced by the different substrates was investigated in both years. The daughter plants grown on CSS had the highest values for shoot height, leaf area, and fresh weight. Those grown on ERH and LS substrates also displayed good above-ground growth characteristics except for fresh weight, but the daughter plants grown on CS had the poorest above-ground growth characteristics. The ERH and CS treatments resulted in the highest number of primary roots and the greatest root weight. The CSS-grown daughter plants had the highest ACR disease index, followed by the CS and LS treatments, but there were no significant differences among the three substrates. However, the ERH-grown daughter plants had a markedly lower ACR disease index on October 11, 2013 and October 7, 2014. The CSS-grown daughter plants had high nitrogen and potassium contents and low calcium content, whereas the ERH-grown daughter plants had low nitrogen levels and high silicon levels. The results of this study provide basic information on the ability of the different substrates tested to provide disease suppression of ACR in the propagation of strawberry transplants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.704-709
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to establish the system of mass propagation through tissue culture using sucker and stem in Ramie. The sterilization for tissue culture of Ramie was the better treatment of 2% NaClO for 20 minute into ultrasonic cleaner than the others, and so rate of contamination was 3.3%, and it was able to produce 96% healthy plant. The effect of growth regulator was superior to mixed treatment of 0.02mg/$\ell$ NAA, 1.5mg/$\ell$ BA, 0.lmgmg/$\ell$ GA$_3$, which it was not formed callus and but produced 96% healthy plant. The effect of propagation was higher in culturing of the stem node than the sucker in cultural part, local variety than improved ones. The effect of acclimatization was superior to pretreatment of 30 minute after soaking in 100ppm NAA, transplanting on bed soil which mixed to ratio of vermiculite : soil : sand =1 : 2 : 1, the transplanted plants were grown all normal.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.299-304
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• 2014

The need of reusing sewage sludge is highly increasing as the amount of domestic sewage sludge is growing and sewage management strategies were reinforced. Accordingly, in this research, we studied the composting possibility of sludge in sewage treatment plant J, using dryer facility with indirect system by conducting component analysis of dried sludge and experiment on cultivating crops. It was observed from the component analysis, that the dried sludge is appropriate for both decomposed manure standard of Ministry of Environment and fertilizer standard of Rural Development Administration. Besides, in the experiment on cultivating lettuce, the experimental group(soil + dried sludge) was superior to the control group(soil + bed soil) in apparent condition of leaves tensity and damage by disease and pest. In case of cultivating tomato, the experimental group showed stronger durability of fruits dangling on stems compared to the control group after 9 weeks. Consequently, the excess sludge dried by indirect heating system in the sewage treatment plant J is appropriate for the standard of both Ministry of Environment and Rural Development Administration and show good result in experiment on cultivating crops therefore it can be reused for composting.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2016

The H water treatment plant has been operating since 1982 and has had no renovation. It is assumed that the filters have been operated for more than 30 years and therefore are deteriorated. Many of the filters show an unequal state of air scouring during backwashing. For this study one filter, which was presumed most deteriorated among eighteen filters, was selected as a model filter for renovation. Some of the effects seen after renovation of the underdrain system were a lower average filtrated turbidity by approximately 0.02 NTU and an equal backwash state throughout the filter bed. Sand wash efficiencies by backwash before renovation of the underdrain system were 28%, 8%, and 5% at the surface, 50 cm depth, and 100 cm depth, respectively, and after renovation of the underdrain system were 94%, 26%, and 15%, respectively. The standard deviation of the effective sand size was 0.025-0.033 mm before renovation of the underdrain system and 0.002-0.011 mm after renovation of the underdrain system, meanings there was equal backwash pressure throughout the filter. Filtration time after renovation was approximately 2 times longer than before renovation.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2000

This study was conducted to improvement of control efficiency on clubroot disease. To improve the control efficiency on clubroot disease of chinese cabbage by chemical persistent effect, Flusulfamide DP was examined with soil mixed treatment. When Flusulfamide DP was applied, the more application times, the higher control value. The control value and marketable yield per 10a of the untreated cultivation plot after two application of Flusulfamide DP were 53.9%, 4,822kg, respectively. However, based on marketability and marketable yield, untreated cultivation plot after two application of Flusulfamide DP has been thought as economic application times compared to three times application. On the other hand, the combination of soil mixing and bed soil mixing treatment Flusulfamide DP was more effective than each treatment. The control value and marketable yield of the combination treatment was 73.3∼88.9%, 5,633∼5,770kg, those of soil mixing 66.7∼70.0%, 2,847∼3,167kg, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.11-11
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• 2010

패모(貝母)는 땅속의 뿌리줄기에 있는 2매의 비늘조각(인편(鱗片))이 마치 조개처럼 합쳐 있어 패모라 불리우며, 백합과로 숙근성 다년생 초본의 절패모(浙貝母; Fritillaria thungergii) 및 동속식물의 비늘줄기를 기원으로 하며, 중국의 강소 절강 안휘 등지에서 대량으로 재배되고 있다. 패모의 줄기는 15~40cm정도로 곧게 자라며, 꽃은 4~5월에 피며, 윗부분의 엽액에 1개씩 밑을 향하여 달린다. 종자는 결실률이 매우 낮아 이용을 할 수 없어 번식은 대부분 비늘줄기의 인편이나 자구를 이용한다. 약용부위는 인경(鱗莖)(비늘줄기)이 사용되는데, 인경(鱗莖)에는 알칼로이드물질인 verticine, fritillin, peimisine, peimine 등의 주요 성분을 함유하여 약리작용으로는 중추신경마비, 혈압강하 및 진해작용이 있다. 한방에서는 진해, 거담, 배농, 폐렴, 기관지염 등으로 이용하는 중요한 약초 중의 하나이나, 값싼 중국산 패모의 수입으로 우리나라에서는 재배가 붕괴되어 현재는 재배면적이 거의 없는 자원고갈 약초로 재배면적 확보가 시급한 실정에 있어 이를 되살리기 위한 노력이 절실한 실정이다. 따라서 패모 자구 증식을 위하여 온도와 $GA_3$, 상토의 조건에 따른 시험을 수행한 결과 패모 자구의 증식 효과는 저장온도 온도가 낮을수록 자구의 증식이 많아 $5^{\circ}C$에서 주당 5.5개로 구수의 증식효과가 높았으며, 상토는 모래와 밭흙에서 각각 3.1개, 2.5개로 많았으나, $GA_3$과 온탕처리에 있어서는 차이가 없었다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.273-276
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• 2001

In order to develop effective acclimatization methods for Aralia elata plantlets regenerated from somatic embryos, various acclimatizing conditions were compared regarding both survival rate and growth of the plantlets. The plantlets were transplanted into plastic boxes containing artificial soil in the presence of either several levels of MS liquid media, distilled water, 2% sucrose or 0.1% hyponex solution. They were then cultured by spraying of distilled water twice a week and maintained in the normal tissue culture room. Perlite was proved to be better than vermiculite on survival rate and growth of the plantlets. As the size of perlite (larger than 0.2 cm in diameter) increased, both the survival rate and growth of the plantlets improved. Among the various MS liquid media and different aqueous solutions tested, distilled water appeared to result in the best survival rate and growth. MS media were also effective in increasing survival rate and supporting growth when diluted to 1/4 and/or 1/8. The acclimatized plantlets could be transplanted directly onto the nursery bed and grown normally. The above results suggest that plantlets regenerated from somatic embryos of Aralia elata be effectively acclimatized using a plastic box containing perlite with distilled water treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.75-86
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• 2018

This research was thereby made to study and analysis ecological, landscape, and stability qualities of roadside cut Slopes in expressways and national highways that went through revegetation works. Also, evaluation items and framework for integrated assessment of plant structure and restored state for the maintenance were suggested. Following is the summary of the result. firstly, for stabilization of introduced native plant species on roadside cut slops, assessment on the post-project environmental management through long-term monitoring and maintenance works must be made. It signifies a form of authentic recovery and restoration by the native plants. second, current evaluation framework on the test beds is well managed with clear evaluation standards and table while its method of assessing the post management with only test bed results lacks conformity with this study site. Newly developed evaluation framework on the post construction sites is estimated to be used as assessment standards on any roadside construction sites. Third, after site investigation distinction was observed among different revegetating construction types in the long-term perspective. Due to the different duration time of vegetation state between seed-spray measures(degraded in time) and layer-spray measure(maintained), the use of coarse straw-mat mulching work or Coir net was suggested in long term maintenance of cut slopes. forth, segmentation of post environmental assessment is organized into three large categories of "ecological", "stabile", and "landscape" qualities regarding post restoration quality and stability of slope through native plants with which categories marks 50, 30, 20 points of rates. fifth, components of the post environmental assessment were segmented in twelve categories driving results from former experimental construction and newly focused items on site. In the future, it is possible to propose a customized assessment method considering the location and location of construction work if the research on the application of post-environment assessment methods for road construction surface recording is conducted systematically.