• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 2007

Background: Depression is a frequent comorbid disease of chronic pain patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of depression and to correlate associated factors and depression in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods: The data of this survey was collected from 97 patients that visited our pain clinic for the management of lumbar spinal stenosis. Depression was examined by a self-reported survey using the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the life satisfaction scale score were also obtained. Demographic and clinical characteristics (including spouse status, employment status, smoking status, the number of patients with multiple painful areas, the number of patients with combined disease, pain duration, visual analogue scale, Roland 5-point scale and walking distance) were obtained from an interview with the patient. The patients were divided into group N ($BDI{\leq}14$, n = 43) and group 0 (BDI > 14, n = 54) according to the BDI scale. Of the 97 patients, 55,7% had a high BDI score. Results: The patients in group N had a higher rate of employment (48.0%, P < 0.05) and had higher life satisfaction scale scores ($9.4{\pm}2.5$, P < 0.01) as compared to group D patients. The BDI score showed a close correlation with employment status and the life satisfaction scale. Conclusions: Many lumbar spinal stenosis patients had high BDI scores. Employment status and the life satisfaction scale were closely correlated with the BDI score.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2020

Objectives : To identify the relationship between somatization, stress, depression, anxiety, and psychological symptoms risk for nurses working in the intensive care unit. Create clinical evidence of psychosomatic medicine research and complement the meaning of somatization. Methods : Seventy of the mental health checkups conducted by the National Mental Health Center among the nurses using tools including Perceived Stress scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Patient Health questionnaire-15, Korean Beck Depression Inventory, Korean Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision. Results : 12.9% of the patients experienced more than moderate somatization. There was no statistical relationship between somatization and psychological stress perception, but feeling of anxiety and decreased self-confidence were related to the level of somatization. The group with severe somatization experienced more depression and anxiety. The group with high physical fatigue also had no statistical relationship with psychological stress perception, but had an effect on the feeling of tension, stress, or decreased control. Physical fatigue level was increased by experience of depression, not by anxiety. For psychological symptoms the higher the level of somatization, the higher the obsession and hostility was explored. In the linear regression model, stress, depression, and anxiety accounted for 39.3% of somatization and 16.1% of physical fatigue symptoms. Conclusions : We can estimate the decrease in stress cognitive symptoms, accompanying depression and anxiety, compulsion and hostility as characteristics of somatization. The causal relationship between somatization and psychological symptoms cannot be confirmed in this study, but the interrelationships are observed, can be referred to mediation strategies.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in anxiety and depression symptoms, comorbidity according to the patterns of temperament and character in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods : The temperament and character inventory (TCI), beck depression inventory (BDI) and beck anxiety inventory (BAI) were administered to 151 PTSD patients classified into four groups of adaptation, vulnerable temperament, immature personality and composite vulnerability according to the results of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). MANOVA and Chi-square tests were conducted to analyze differences in BDI, BAI, temperament and character scores and rate of comorbid disorders between the four groups. Results : The immature character and complex vulnerability group showed the higher rate of comorbid depression disorder. Anxiety and depression severity were significantly different among groups, especially depression severity had higher scores in the immature character and complex vulnerability groups and anxiety severity had higher scores in the complex vulnerability group than adaptive group. The immature character and complex vulnerability groups showed significantly lower score on the temperament scale of reward dependence and persistent. Conclusion : The results demonstrate the significance of adaptive characteristics on anxiety and depression symptoms regardless of vulnerable temperaments, and its consequent role in the management of character factors relative to intervention regarding PTSD.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2011

Objective : Depressive symptoms often coexist with other anxiety disorder symptoms. Furthermore, an anxiety disorder that is comorbid with a depressive disorder results in more severe symptoms and a poorer outcome prognosis. To understand the construct of depressive symptoms in anxiety disorder, this study investigated the factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory among outpatients with anxiety disorders. Methods : All data were from psychiatric department outpatients at a university-affiliated hospital. We conducted a principal component analysis using data from 194 outpatients with DSM-IV anxiety disorders and calculated goodness-of-fit-indices. Results : Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four factor structure--Cognitive-affective symptoms (Factor 1), Somatic symptoms (Factor 2), Self-reproach (Factor 3), and Hypochondriasis/indecisiveness (Factor 4)--and a 57% total variance. This four-factor model demonstrated an acceptable level of model fit, and it fit better than did a three-factor solution from the literature on depressive disorder. Conclusion : This study's results suggest a difference in the construct of self-reported depressive symptoms in anxiety disorders. These findings also support a dimensional approach to studying anxiety and depression. Further studies may benefit from including comorbid depressive disorder and its influence on anxiety disorders.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the association between serum lipid profiles and depression according to gender difference. Methods : This retrospective cohort study included 27,452 subjects(15044 men and 12408 women) who underwent health examination. The duration was from January 2013 to December 2013. We estimate the correlation between serum lipid profile and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) scores. We compare the effect size using beta coefficient. Results : In men, serum Triglyceride level was correlated positively with BDI scores(r=0.020, p<0.01). Serum LDL-C and HDL-C were negatively correlated with BDI scores(r=-0.015, p<0.01 ; r=-0.016, p<0.05). In women, Triglyceride level was also correlated positively with BDI scores(r=0.020, p<0.01), Serum HDL-C were negatively correlated with BDI scores(r=-0.019, p<0.01). There was no statistical significance between Serum LDL-C and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) score. Conclusions : Both men and women had more depressive symptoms when they had low serum HDL-C level or high serum Triglyceride level. The depression symptoms were more severe when serum LDL-C level was low only in men.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2022

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effect of sleep quality on depression symptoms and the mediating effect of interpretation bias and anxiety symptoms in psychiatric patients. Methods : Data accumulated for outpatients and inpatients in the Department of Mental Health Medicine at Hanyang University Guri Hospital were used. The measurement tools were Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Ambiguous/Unambiguous Situations Diary-Extended Version (AUSD-EX), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Correlation analysis and bootstrapping analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0 and SPSS Macro based on 162 patient data. Results : As a result of the study, the double mediating effect of interpretation bias for Ambiguity and anxiety symptoms was significant in the relationship between sleep quality and depression symptoms. Conclusions : In this study, it was confirmed that low sleep quality sequentially affects anxiety and depression symptoms through interpretation bias for ambiguity. Based on this, it is expected that the development of other psychiatric symptoms can be prevented by preferentially performing therapeutic intervention on preceding symptoms.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 1998

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among anger expression mode, depression, and blood pressure. Method : Eight hundred sixty-eight male military draftees were asked during the examination procedure to answer Spielberger's Anger Expression Inventory, MMPI Repression Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI). Blood pressures, weight, and height were also measured. Results : 1) No significant difference was found in the anger-in and anger-out subscales of Spielberger Anger Expression Inventory, MMPI Repression Scale, and BDI between the hypertensives and the normotensives. 2) No significant difference of blood pressure was found between the groups determined by upper and lower 25% of each of the above scales and inventory. 3) The interaction effect of anger-in and anger-out on depression was found to be significant. Conclusion : These findings suggest that there is no relationship among anger-in, anger-out, depression, and blood pressure in young male military draftees. Interestingly, ambivalence of anger expression, i.e. the interaction of anger-in and anger-out, was found to be an important factor related to depression.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.217-227
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the effect of Art program for runaway Youths Self-esteem and Depression. Sstaying at the youth shelter located in Gwang ju. The subjects were assinged to two groups, an experimental group and a control group evenly. Coopersmith Self- Esteem Inventory was used measure the level of self-esteem, Beck Depression Inventory for depression. The collected data were analyzed by T-test according to the purpose of the study. The results of the study were as follows; The art program showed a positive effect on increasing the level of self-esteem and decreasing the level of depression of experimental group In comparison with those of control group.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.44-53
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• 2023

Background: This report determines the effects of a neurofeedback program on patients with breast cancer through a study of psychogenic factors(distress, depression, anxiety). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study selected 28 patients with breast cancer and divided them into two groups: 14 subjects in the neurofeedback program group and 14 subjects in the exercise intervention program group. Both groups conducted one-and-hour training per session five times a week for a total of five weeks. The experimental group performed neurofeedback, and the control group performed a exercise intervention. The distress was measured using the distress management Test. Beck's Depression Inventory was used to measure depression. Beck's Anxiety Inventory was used to measure Anxiety Results: Both the experimental and control groups showed significant differences in distress, depression, and anxiety after the intervention (p<0.05) in the within-group comparisons. It was found that the experimental group showed more significant differences in distress, depression, and anxiety than the control group (p<0.05) when the two groups were compared. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study show that the neurofeedback program had a positive effect on distress, depression, and anxiety of life in patients with breast cancer. The study thereby proposes that the neurofeedback program should be applied as an intervention method for clinical use on patients with breast cancer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.459-468
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate psychological factors such as eating psychopathology, depression, and obsessive-compulsion that might influence self-harm behavior in patients with eating disorders. Methods: Patients with eating disorders (n=135) who visited "M" clinic for eating disorders participated in the study. Data were collected from March to August 2007 using the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Beck Depression Inventory, Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory, and Self-Harm Inventory (SHI). Results: The participants scored high on self-harm as well as on depression and obsessive-compulsion. On the SHI, a high frequency of self harm behavior such as 'torturing self with self-defeating thoughts', 'abused alcohol', 'hit self', and 'suicide attempt' were found for the participants. There were significant correlations between most eating psychopathology variables, depression, obsessive-compulsion, and self-harm behavior. 'Interoceptive awareness' (eating psychopathology), depression, and 'checking' (obsessive-compulsion) were significant predictors of self-harm behavior. Conclusion: Future interventions for patients with eating disorders should focus on assessing the possibility of self-harm and suicidal attempts, especially in those patients with high levels of eating psychopathology, depression, or obsessive-compulsion. Early intervention for depression and obsessive-compulsion could contribute to preventing self-harm and suicide in patients with eating disorders.