• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.102-111
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• 2018

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality characteristics of medical students at their admission and the level of depression, anxiety, and resilience at their third year. Methods : Self-reported questionnaires were conducted to the students at the beginning of the first year and the third year. When the students in their first year, they performed the personality assessment inventory, the Beck depression inventory, and the Beck anxiety inventory. When they were in the third year, the students answered the composite Scale of morningness and Conner-Davidson resilience scale-10 in addition to the BDI and BAI. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of the level of depression, anxiety, and resilience. Results : Of the subscales of depression in the PAI, the physiological depression (${\beta}=-0.285$, p=0.049) associated with increase in the depression from the first to the third year. Among the anxiety-related disorder subscale in the PAI phobia (${\beta}=0.119$, p=0.022) and traumatic stress (${\beta}=0.375$, p=0.007) associated with the level of depression at third grade. Somatization (${\beta}=0.631$, p<0.001) in the PAI associated with the level of anxiety at third year. The anxiety (${\beta}=-0.531$, p<0.001) in the PAI was positive associated with the resilience at third grade. Conclusions : This study showed that certain personality characteristics at admission had significant relationships with the level of depression, anxiety, and resilience at the third grade medical students.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.197-219
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• 2010

This study examines the influence of parental social support and resiliency of efficacy on stress, depression and stress management behavior. A total of 799 participants (male=386, female=413), consisting of 184 elementary school, 354 middle school, 274 university students completed a questionnaire that included Rhode Island Stress Scale (Horiuchi, Tsuda, Tanaka, Yajima & Tsuda, in press), Stress Management Behavior Scale (Evers, Prochaska, Johnson, Mauriello, Padula & Prochaska, 2006), Becks' Depression Inventory (BDI-II, Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996; CES-D, Radloff, 1977), Resiliency of Efficacy (Bandura, 1995), and Parental Social Support (Kim & Park, 1999). The results of path analysis are as follows. First, resiliency of Efficacy had a direct and negative effect on stress and depression and direct positive effect on stress management. Second, stress management behavior did not have any influence on stress. Third, parental social support had a direct and positive effect on resiliency of efficacy. This pattern of results were found for elementary school, middle school and university students. When depression was measured by CES-D Scale (Center for Epidemiological Study of Depression) parental social support and resiliency of efficacy had a different parental of influence on stress, depression and stress management behavior, pointing out the importance of conducting comparative analysis of various measures of depression.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2014

Objective : The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship among job stress, depression, and suicidal ideation in firefighters, particularly the mediating effects of depression. Methods : The subjects were 2,136 firefighters in Gangwon-do, who completed the short form of Korean occupational stress scale (KOSS-SF), Korean version of the Beck depression inventory (K-BDI), and the revised scale for suicide ideation (SSI) online in mental health promotion service of firefighters. The data was analyzed with correlation analysis among the variables, and the multiple regression analysis method of Bar-on and Kenny (1986) was used. Results : Job stress showed positive correlations with depression (r=0.493, p <0.01) and suicidal ideation (r=0.296, p<0.01). Depression showed a positive correlation with suicidal ideation (r=0.561, p<0.01). The result of analyzing the mediating effect of depression showed that depression was a full mediator variable between job stress and suicidal ideation. Conclusion : Based on the results, it is very likely that job stress may affect suicidal ideation via depression. These results suggested that the preventive interventions emphasized on depression may be helpful for reduction of suicide in firefighters.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2024

Background: Migraine is a common disabling headache that affects every aspect of a person's life. Auricular acupuncture is a cost-effective treatment modality for the management of painful neurological conditions. Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of a combination of ear points in the management of migraines. However, no studies have evaluated the efficacy of a single auricular point (i.e., sympathetic point) in migraine. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of sympathetic points on pain intensity and depression levels in patients with migraine. Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 100 patients with migraine aged 18-45 years were randomly divided into either an auricular acupuncture group (AAG) (n = 50) or a placebo control group (PCG) (n = 50). The AAG underwent needling at the sympathetic point (an auricular acupuncture point), whereas the PCG underwent needling at a non-acupuncture point for 20 minutes daily for 7 days. Assessments were performed before and after the intervention using a 6-item headache impact test (HIT-6) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16. Results: In within-group analysis, the AAG showed a significant reduction in HIT-6 and BDI, whereas the PCG showed a significant increase in HIT-6 and a significant reduction in BDI. In between-groups analyses, HIT-6 reduced significantly in the AAG compared with that in the PCG, whereas BDI reduced significantly in the PCG compared with that in the AAG. Conclusion: In patients with migraine, needling at the sympathetic point produces a greater reduction in the pain intensity level and lesser reduction in the depression level compared to needling at a non-acupuncture point.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing depression in breast cancer patients. Method: A descriptive correlational study design was used. A convenience sample of 155 subjects was recruited from the outpatient for breast cancer patients at one hospital in Gyeonggi, South Korea. Body image was measured with the category of "Body image" from the EORTC QLQ-BR23(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Breast cancer version) and sexual function was measured with category of "sexual function" from it. Depression was measured with Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI). Results: The mean score of body image was relatively low(M = 54.44, SD = 30.92), of sexual function was low (M = 24.82, SD = 22.50), and of depression was relatively low(M =14.90, SD = 8.00). Depression had a significant relationship with body image(r = -.363, p = <.001), however, there was no significant relationship between depression and sexual function(r = -.137, p = .103). In the regression analysis, depression was found to be influenced significantly by monthly income and body image, these variables explained 28.8% of the variance in depression(F = 4.662. p = <.001). Conclusion: It suggests that nurses need to take into consideration body image and economic status in management depression in breast cancer survivors.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.282-294
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of oriental treatments to postpartum depression Methods : We treated the patient who had postpartum depression and visited Joong-hwa oriental hospital. The patient in this case, 36-years-old female, was admitted for 15days(161th/May/2005-30th/May/2005) due to postpartum depression which was measured by EPDS(Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and BDI(Beck's depression Inventory). The symptoms of patient are insomnia, anxiety, palpitation, chest discomfort and depression. This patient was treated with Hominis Placenta Herbal acupuncture at CV4(Kwanwon, Guanyuan), CV6(Kihae, Qihai), B23(Shinsu, shenshu), GVl5(Amun, Yamen), herb medication, acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, moxa treatment, and so forth. Results : As a result, symptoms are remarkably alleviated. Conclusions : Hominis Placenta Herbal acupuncture is expected to have an effect on postpartum depression. After this, further approach and study on postpartum depression might be needed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to identify related factors of prenatal depression by stress-vulnerability and stress-coping models for pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design with a convenience sampling was used. A total of 107 pregnant women who visited a general hospital in a metropolitan city were recruited from August to October, 2013. A structured questionnaire included the Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory II, and the instruments measuring Self-Esteem, Marital Satisfaction, Pregnancy Stress, Stressful Life Events, and Coping. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Parson's correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean score of prenatal depression was $11.95{\pm}6.2$, then showing 19.6% with mild depression, 15.0% with moderate depression, and 0.9% with severe depression on BDI II scale. Prenatal depression had positive correlation with pregnancy stress (r=.55, p<.01), stressful life events (r=.26, p<.01) and negative correlation with self- esteem (r=-.38, p<.01), marital satisfaction (r=-.40, p<.01), and coping (r=-.21, p<.05). Factors of pregnancy stress, self-esteem, stressful life events, and planned pregnancy explained 38% of the total variance of prenatal depression. Conclusion: These findings show that health providers need to assess prenatal depression and to control the influencing factors.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1998

Objective : This study was designed to find the characteristics of MMPI that could influence the outcome of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) for panic disorder. Methods : 34 patients who met DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia had completed 11 weekly sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy. All the patients were assessed with MMPI before the initiation of treatment. Five self-report measures including Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Agoraphobic Cognition Questionnarie(ACQ), Body Sensation Questionnaire(BSQ), and Daily Anxiety Selfrating (0 - 8 scales) were also assessed as a pre- and post-treatment assessment. After the completion of treatment, patients were classified by the High End-State(HES) functioning group and the Low End-State(LES) functioning group for the data analysis. Results : 1) The LES group showed significantly higher scores in Hypochondriasis Scale(HS), Depression Scale(D), Hysterical Scale(Hy), Obsessive Scale(Pt), Schizophrenia Scale(Sc) and Validity Scale(F) of MMPI than the HES group. However, these differences gave impressions that the LES group had more severe symptoms rather than that they could be the factors influencing the outcome of CBT. 2) Though, the severity of symptoms of the LES group in the 5 measures of pre-assessment was basically higher than that of the HES group. The fact that both group showed the similar improvement between pre- and post-assessment supported the above interpretation. Conclusion : In regarding the above results, MMPI was not a proper tool that could provide the factors influencing the outcome of CBT. In the future study, the authors need to use a different tool that can find the personality characteristics more directly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2649-2656
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• 2013

Background: Depression is common in breast cancer patients. The aim of this paper was to make a systematic review of its prevalence and associated factors oin breast cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: An extensive systematic electronic review (PUBMED, CINAHL, PsyINFO and Ovid) and handsearch were carried out to retrieve published articles up to November 2012, using Depression OR Dysthymia AND (Cancer OR Tumor OR Neoplasms as the keywords. Information about the design of the studies, measuring scale, characteristics of the participants, prevalence of depression and its associated factors from the included studies were extracted and summarized. Results: We identified 32 eligible studies that recruited 10,826 breast cancer survivors. Most were cross-sectional or prospective designed. The most frequent instrument used to screen depression was the Center for Epidemiological Studies for Depression (CES-D, n=11 studies) followed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, n=6 studies) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, n=6 studies). CES-D returned about similar prevalence of depression (median=22%, range=13-56%) with BDI (median=22%, range=17-48%) but higher than HADS (median=10%, range=1-22%). Depression was associated with several socio-demographic variables, cancer-related factors, treatment-related factors, subject psychological factors, lifestyle factors, social support and quality of life. Conclusions: Breast cancer survivors are at risk for depression so that detection of associated factors is important in clinical practice.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.316-322
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The association between dietary patterns and depression has been reported but the results have been inconsistent. This study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary patterns and depression in middle-aged Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The participants were selected from a community-based cohort, a subset of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Depression was assessed using the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and those with a BDI score ${\geq}16$ were defined as having depression. The subjects' food intakes over the year preceding the survey were estimated by using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by using factor analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association of dietary pattern with depression. RESULTS: Among 3,388 participants, 448 (13.2%) were identified as having depression. We identified two major dietary patterns: 'Healthy' dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of vegetables, soybeans, mushroom, seaweeds, white fish, shellfish and fruits and a low intake of white rice. 'Unhealthy' dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of white rice, meats, ramen, noodles, bread and coffee and a low intake of rice with other grains. Compared with subjects in the lowest quartiles, those in the highest quartiles of the healthy dietary pattern had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.82, P for trend = 0.0037) after adjusting for potential confounders. In contrast, the unhealthy dietary pattern was negatively associated with depression (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.19-2.28, P for trend = 0.0021). CONCLUSION: This results suggest that a healthy dietary pattern (rich in vegetables, soybeans, mushroom, seaweeds, white fish, shellfish, and fruits) is associated with low risk of depression. Whereas an unhealthy dietary pattern (rich in white rice, meats, ramen, noodles, bread, and coffee) is associated with a high risk of depression in middle-aged Korean adults.