• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of auditory cues in the form of a metronome on gait initiation (GI) in Parkinson's disease (PD). 2 patients (mean age: 54 yrs) with idiopathic PD participated in the study. All patients (Hoehn and Yahr disability score of 2.0) were tested in the "on" state approximately 1.5 hours following the administration and fully responding to their PD medications. Subjects first initiated walking at self-initiated speeds to determine their cadences. Then, subjects were asked to initiate gait along the walkway while keeping pace with a metronome. The metronome rate (in beats/min) was set at a cadence 85% (slow condition), 100% (normal condition) and 115% (fast condition) of gait for each subject. Subjects were able to increase the speed of GI with faster cadence, but the speed of GI for the slow condition was similar to that of the normal condition. Swing toe-off was 578.3 ms for the fast condition, 709.4 ms for the normal condition and 736.2 ms for the slow condition. Respective times for swing heel-strike were 894.3 ms, 1110.2 ms and 1119.1 ms, and stance toe-off were 1105.4 ms, 1338.5 ms, and 1343.1 ms. Except for stance unloading ground reaction forces were greatest for the fast condition and smallest for the slow condition. It appears that PD patients were able to modulate GRFs and temporal events in response to auditory cues to achieve the peak acceleration force of the swing and stance limb. The findings from this study provided preliminary data, which could be used to investigate how PD patients modulate GRFs and temporal events during GI in response to tasks.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.461-463
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• 2002

Image quality and selection of optimized window for good quality reconstruction in coronary angiography using multi-detector row CT (MDCT) have not been studied by heart rate and its variation. Therefore, the effect of heart rate and its variation was systemically analyzed. Eighty-three patients were undergone contrast-enhanced coronary angiography using MDCT. In this study, sixty cases were enrolled. Two radiologists graded image quality as follows: 4, excellent; 3, good; 2, fair; l, bad. The starting points of the reconstruction window were chosen at seventy and forty percent of R wave interval. Optimized window was scored as 1 when 40% reconstruction was better quality than 70%, as 2 when 40% reconstruction is same as 70%, and as 3 when 70% reconstruction was better than 40%. Regression analysis was performed. The range of variation of beats per minute (BPM) was well correlated with image quality (r=-0.55, p=0.000), however correlation with optimized window percentage was not statistically significant (p=0.969). By contraries, median value of BPM was comparatively well correlated with optimized window grade (r=-0.24, p=0.086). Median value of BPM was not well correlated with image quality (r=0.l70, p=0.l97). Image quality is more affected by variation of heart rate (VHR) than by higher heart rate. Selection of optimized reconstruction window for good image quality is mainly affected by heart rate and there is a tendency that systolic phase reconstruction is better in image quality than diastolic reconstruction in higher heart rate.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.398-405
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• 1999

한려해상국립공원 남해도지구에 위치한 금산의 등산로를 대상으로 하여 등산로에 설치된 계단의 물리적 특성을 조사한 결과, 등산로 총 연장 2,126m 중에 계단이 설치된 구간은 15개 구간이며, 총 길이는 1,000.4m로 나타났다. 대다수의 등산로 계단구역의 물매는 20~40%로 나타났으나, 11번 구간, 12번 구간과 같이 경사도 45.7%, 58.4%의 계단이 268.5m, 188.6m인 구간과 13번 구간과 같이 물매가 67.8%의 급경사 등산로 구간도 설치되어 있었다. 계단형 등산로에서 등산시 탐방객이 느끼는 운동강도를 조사한 결과, 전체 구간에 있어서 등산시의 심박수는 약 104~184회/분으로 나타났으며, 계단형 등산로 구간 중 11번 구간과 12번 구간, 그리고 13번 구간의 등산시 심박수 증가율, 운동강도지수, %HRmax는 각각 166.5%, 89.1%, 92.9%와 167.4%, 89.6%, 93.2%, 그리고 157.8%, 84.5%, 89.9%로 조사되었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 심장의 박동영상을 방사선 투시법으로 관찰하여 심장질환을 진단하기 위한 실시간 처리 심장 디지탈 감산 조영 영상기법(cardiac digital subtraction angiography)을 개발하여 임상실험을 시행하였다. 평균 1초에 1번의 심장박동에 따른 주변부위의 운동에 의한 오차의 영향을 감소하면서, 좌심실 박동상을 32프레임까지 실시간으로 감산 처리하는 고속기억(512X512 해상도와 256 gray level) 및 고속 데이타링크 시스템과 프로세서를 개발하였다. 기억된 영상을 컴퓨터에 입력하고, 심장의 경계면을 Dynamic Programming을 사용하여 검출하고, 부피를 구하여 심장의 박동에 따른 최대부피(ESV)와 박동후 최소부피(ESV), 최대와 최소부피의 비율(EF)로서 표시되는 심박출계수 등 심장의 좌심실기능을 나타내는 생리계수를 영상으로 부터 구하는 알고리듬을 개발해서 임상실험을 시행하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2009

심전도는 심장이 박동할 때 발생하는 전압을 그래프로 기록한 것으로 사람이나 동물의 심장 상태를 알아보기 위해 매우 유용하다. 본 논문에서는 쥐와 같이 작은 동물의 실험용으로 사용이 가능한 심전도 측정 장치를 연구하고 구현하였다. 이는 치료약물 개발에 있어서 부작용 등의 관찰을 위해 매우 유용하다. 사람의 경우보다 매우 빠른 동물의 심전도를 측정하기 위하여 빠른 샘플링 주기와 처리 능력을 가지고 있으며, 일반적인 동물의 활동하는 동안에도 측정이 가능하도록 하기 위하여 몸에 부착이 가능한 초소형 모듈에 IEEE 802.15.4 기반의 무선으로 실시간 모니터링이 가능한 시스템을 구현하였다. 쥐와 같은 작은 동물에 적용하여 성공적으로 심전도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 가변템포를 반영한 단일음악 채보의 정확성을 증가시키기 위한 기존의 방법을 개선하는 세 가지 방안을 제시하였다. 첫째는 TV 필터를 활용한 음정 데이터의 평활화로 음정분할 결과의 파편화 현상이 줄어들게 하였다. 또한 음정과 에너지, 규칙기반 방법을 융합한 마디탐색 방법으로 마디 탐색결과의 안정성을 향상시켰다. 뿐만 아니라 마디 내에서 음표의 합이 박자수와 같으면서 양자화 오차의 합을 최소화하는 최적의 방법으로 임시 음길이 부호화 결과를 보정하였다. 그 결과 16개의 동요 음원에서 완벽한 마디위치를 탐색하였으며, 음길이 부호의 정확도 약 91.3%, 음정 부호화 정확도는 약 86.7%의 개선된 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 1984

In the present study, we developed a nuclear stethoscope interfaced with a personal computer (APPLE- II) and evaluated it's performances as compared with the gamma camera. This single-probe, ECG-gated system has been used for displaying the left ventricular time-activity curves, the peak ejection time and its rate, the peak filling time and its rate, and the R-R interval distribution. The radioactivity was measured at every 10msec around the ventricular region, where the activity curves shows the maximal peak to peak variations. The background activity was measured around the lung area showing its counts approximately 50% of the end-diastolic count with minimal variations. The average time-activity curves of 100 beats were used for analysis in the equilibrium study after intravenous injection of 15-20mCi of Tc. The ejection fractions measured by the nuclear stethoscope(Y) were compared with those measured by gamma camera(X) in 47 patients with various heart diseases. The correlation coefficient between two measurements was 0.766 with a relation of Y=1.04 x-8.48. Also, the high reproducibility was obtained for the same patient. Also, the high reproducibility was obtained for the same patient. From this study, we conclude that this device is useful for continuous monitoring in the intensive care unit, as it is portable, compact, and inexpensive.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.222-227
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• 1997

회귀에 기인하는 부정맥의 발생 기전 분석을 위해 심장 전도 계통의 변경된 Hidden Markov Model을 세우고 모의 실험을 하였다. 먼저, 심근의 탈분극 시간과 전도 속도, 탈분극의 자율성(autonomicity)을 매개 변수로 한 모의 실험을 통해 시간적인 심장 진도와 피에 따른 심전도 결과를 얻었다. 결과는 연속된 심전도 파형과 그 발생 시간이었다. 매개변수는 율동의 속도, 각 파형간의 간격, 이상 파형의 발생 빈도등을 결정한다. 정상 동율격 및 심실상성/심실성 정맥, 심방/심실 조기 박동등을 모의 실험할 수 있는 매개변수의 세트를 구하였다. 다음으로 Hidden Markov Model의 확률적 추정 방법을 응용하여 심전도 결과를 가지고 최적 확률의 심장 전도 경로를 추정하였다. 변경된 추정 방법을 이용하여, 모의 실험한 전도경로와 추정한 경로가 유사함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2009

Purpose: It is important to begin a transfusion safely and appropriately as soon as possible in a hemorrhagic shock patient. A group $O^+$ unmatched pack red blood cell (universal $O^+$) transfusion may satisfy that requirement. We report our experiences with universal $O^+$ to compare its usefulness for hemorrhagic shock patients with that of a matched pack red blood cell transfusion in the emergency department (ED). Methods: This is a retrospective study. Patients who had systolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg or a pulse rate of more than 120 beats per minute in the ED were included, and their medical records were reviewed. The collected data were demographic data, vital signs, blood test results, time to transfusion, the amount of transfusion, complications, and diagnoses. We calculated the emergency transfusion score (ETS) based on the patients' medical records. Results: Two hundred thirty-five patients were included. Forty-eight patients (36 trauma and 12 non-trauma patients) were transfused with a universal $O^+$. These patients had less time to transfusion compared with the cross-matched transfusion groups (35${\pm}$42 versus $170{\pm}187$ minutes, p<0.001). There were no differences in complications between groups (p=0.076). Of the patients who were transfused with universal $O^+$, 94.4% got more than 3 ETS. Conclusion: The universal $O^+$ transfusion, compared with matched pack red blood cell transfusion, should be a useful treatment for ED hemorrhagic shock patient due to its having a shorter time to transfusion without an increase in complications.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.416-422
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• 2000

In this study, to find out the physiological reaction of the human body and the sensation of comfort when people are wearing sportswear which is made of waterproof breathable fabrics under general environmental conditions (temperature : $20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, humidity : $60{\pm}5%RH$, air current : 0.1 m/sec) and rainy environmental conditions (temperature : $20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, humidity : $60{\pm}5%RH$, air current : 0.1 m/sec, rainfall : 250 1/hr), we made an experiment with sportswear in an artificial climate chamber and studied the thermal physiological response and subjective sensation. Mean skin temperature of the subjects was low and had a big range of fluctuation in rainy environmental conditions of two condition. Temperature started to increase at the beginning of the exercise, reached the maximum at the 2nd level of the exercise and then started to decline. Rectal temperature showed a slighter increase and bigger range of fluctuation in general conditions than in rainy conditions. Except clothing micro climate in rainy conditions, temperature and humidity and their range of fluctuation around back were higher than those around chest. Humidity was high and had wide range of fluctuation in general conditions. Heart rate was 4.4 beats/min higher in general conditions. In subjective test on rainy conditions, the feeling of discomfort increased due to the raindrops fallen on the skin. Unlike that in general conditions, cold sensation increased and humidity sensation reached to the peak after the exercise. In wearing sportswear made of shape memory breathable waterproof fabric, controlling function over a small amount of heat and water was distinctive while it turned out to be not so comfortable over a large amount of heat and water. Through this, the limitation of shape memory breathable waterproof fabric was recognised.