• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.193-197
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• 2008

On the purpose of increasing resonant frequency without sacrificing quality factor as well as much decreasing dimensions, corrugated micro beam resonator based on polycrystalline 3C-SiC films is the applicable solution. In this work, appropriate corrugated structure is suggested to increase resonant frequency of resonators. Micro beam resonators based on 3C-SiC films which have a two-side corrugation along the length of beams were simulated by finite element method and compared to a same-size flat rectangular. With the dimension of 36x12x0.5 ${\mu}m^{3}$, the flat cantilever has resonant frequency of 746 kHz. Meanwhile, with this size but corrugation width of 6 ${\mu}m$ and depth of 0.4 ${\mu}m$, the corrugated cantilever reaches the resonant frequency at 1.252 MHz.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2016

최근 선형가속기를 이용한 방사선치료는 세기조절방사선치료, 정위적방사선치료 등이 널리 사용되고 있다. 이러한 방사선 치료기법은 일반적으로 역방향치료계획을 사용함으로써 소조사면을 제외하기 어렵다. 그러므로 소조사면의 선량특성에 관한 정확한 측정이 필요하다. 따라서 유효체적이 서로 다른 검출기를 이용하여 소조사면에 대한 깊이선량백분율, 빔측면도, 그리고 선량출력계수를 측정하여 각 검출기의 선량특성 평가하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 X-선 6 MV에너지에 대한 빔선질($PDD_{20}/PDD_{10}$)은 $10{\times}10cm^2$에서 Diode 검출기는 Pinpoint 검출기에 비해 2.4%로 높았다. 모든 조사면에서 유효체적이 작은 Diode 검출기가 다른 검출기들과 50%이상 작은 반음영을 보여 공간분해능이 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 출력선량계수는 조사면 $2{\times}2cm^2$에서 Semiflex 검출기 다른 검출기에 비해 2%정도 적게 측정되기 시작해서 조사면 $1{\times}1cm^2$에서는 20%정도 차이를 보이며 유효성이 없는 것으로 판단된다. 조사면 $1{\times}1cm^2$에서 Diode 검출기와 Pinpoint 검출기의 측정값은 13%정도 차이를 보였다. 조사면 $3{\times}3cm^2$이하에서는 검출기의 유효체적에 따른 출력선량계수의 차이가 크므로 가능한 유효체적이 작은 검출기를 사용해야 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.189-191
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• 2002

In the proton therapy using a gantry system, periodical verification of iso-center position is very important to assure precision of patient positioning system at any gantry angles in proton treatment. In the gantry system, there are three different types of iso-center; 1) in a geometrical view, 2) in an X-ray beam's eye view, 3) in a proton beam's eye view. Idealistically, they would be an identical point. They could, however, be different points. It may be a source of errors in patient positioning. At PMRC, we have established a system of verification for iso-center positions using a stainless ball of 2-cm in diameter and an imaging plate. This system provides the relation among a center of a patient target position, a center of proton irradiation field, and/or a center of X-ray field in accuracy of 50$\square$m in the 2) and 3) views, as images of a center of the stainless ball and a center of a 100 mm${\times}$100 mm-aperture brass collimator recorded on the imaging plate, which is setup at 1-cm behind the ball. In addition, it provides simultaneously the images of the ball and the collimator on an imaging intensifier (II), which is setup downstream of the proton or X-ray beam. We present a method of quality assurance (QA) for calibration of iso-center position in a rotation gantry system at PMRC and the performance of this system. A proton beam position on the 1$\^$st/ scatterer in the nozzle of the gantry affects less sensitive (reduced by a factor of 1/5) to the results of the iso-center position. The effect is systematically correctable. The effect of the nozzle (or the collimator) position is less than 0.5 mm at the maximum extraction (390 mm).

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.119-120
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• 2002

The aim is to urge the need of elaborate commissioning of 3D RTP system from the firsthand experience. A 3D RTP system requires so much data such as beam data and patient data. Most data of radiation beam are directly transferred from a 3D dose scanning system, and some other data are input by editing. In the process inputting parameters and/or data, no error should occur. For RTP system using algorithm-bas ed-on beam-modeling, careless beam-data processing could also cause the treatment error. Beam data of 3 different qualities of photon from two linear accelerators, patient data and calculated results were commissioned. For PDD, the doses by Clarkson, convolution, superposition and fast superposition methods at 10 cm for 10${\times}$10 cm field, 100 cm SSD were compared with the measured. An error in the SCD for one quality was input by the service engineer. Whole SCD defined by a physicist is SAD plus d$\sub$max/, the value was just SAD. That resulted in increase of MU by 100${\times}$((1_d$\sub$max//SAD)$^2$-1)%. For 10${\times}$10 cm open field, 1 m SSD and at 10 cm depth in uniform medium of relative electron density (RED) 1, PDDs for 4 algorithms of dose calculation, Clarkson, convolution, superposition and fast-superposition, were compared with the measured. The calculated PDD were similar to the measured. For 10${\times}$10 cm open field, 1 m SSD and at 10 cm depth with 5 cm thick inhomogeneity of RED 0.2 under 2 cm thick RED 1 medium, PDDs for 4 algorithms were compared. PDDs ranged from 72.2% to 77.0% for 4 MV X-ray and from 90.9% to 95.6% for 6 MV X-ray. PDDs were of maximum for convolution and of minimum for superposition. For 15${\times}$15 cm symmetric wedged field, wedge factor was not constant for calculation mode, even though same geometry. The reason is that their wedge factor is considering beam hardness and ray path. Their definition requires their users to change the concept of wedge factor. RTP user should elaborately review beam data and calculation algorithm in commissioning.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2004

The laser welding and its analysis of thin-sheet carbon steels were carried out with high power $CO_{2}$ laser. The main factor of weld quality of laser welding is gap and edge quality. This work was preformed to focus on the gap tolerance problem during laser welding. First, bead on plate welding of thin sheet was examined to investigate the effect of laser welding variables, and to obtain optimum welding condition. Butt welding was also carried out to show the effect of gap on the laser weldability of thin sheet. In order to investigate the effect of gap on formability of welded thin sheet, LDH test was caried out. At high welding speed, the partial penetration was obtained by low heat input. Otherwise, porosity was formed in the bead at low weld speed because of too much heat input. The optimum welding condition of welding was derived from bead width, penetration and hardness property. The maximum gap tolerance on laser welding was observed to be about 0.2mm. This gap size has good relationship with beam size of laser spot(about 0.3mm). The formability of welded sheet was about $80{\%}$ value of base metal and the gap size has not affected on the formability, although weld quality is dependent on the gap size.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2009

반응보정인자(h)는 고체팬텀에서 전리함의 반응을 물에서의 값으로 변환하기 위한 인자이다. RW3 고체 팬텀의 경우에 고에너지 X-선에 대한 반응보정인자는 선질과 깊이에 의존하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 조사면 크기와 SSD(Source to surface distance), 그리고 전리함 종류에 따른 의존성은 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 알려진 의존성을 고찰하고 알려지지 않은 인자들에 대한 의존성을 조사하였다. 본 측정에서는 파머형전리함(FC65G, IBA, Germany)과 소형전리함(CC13, IBA, Germany)이 사용되었으며 대상 선질은 6 MV와 15 MV X-선이었다. 측정 결과 반응보정인자는 6 MV의 경우에 깊이 5 cm와 10 cm에서 각각 h = 1.015, 1.021, 그리고 15 MV의 경우에 깊이 5와 10 cm에서 각각 h = 1.024, 1.029로 나타났다. 결론적으로 반응보정인자는 선질과 깊이에는 의존하였지만 조사면 크기와 SSD에 따른 변화는 적었다. 전리함에 있어서 대상의 두 전리함에 대해서는 차이가 없었으나 다른 종류의 전리함에 대해서 추가적 연구가 필요하다고 생각한다. 본 결과는 RW3에서 전리함을 이용한 측정시 측정값의 분석에 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.13.2-13.2
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• 2011

뼈의 역학기능을 예측하는 인자(predictive factor) 로서 골밀도(BMD)만으로는 충분하지 않다는 최근의 임상결과는, 골밀도 이외의 새로운 뼈의 강도 및 골절리스크를 지배하는 인자의 중요성을 보여준다. 이와 같은 골역학기능에 대한 골밀도 이외의 부가적인 지배인자를 골질(bone quality)이라고 하는데, 다양한 골질관련인자(bone quality-related factor) 중 하나의 지표로서 뼈의 주성분인 생체아파타이트(BAp)의 결정학적 방향성에 주목, 대표적인 경조직 질환을 해석하였다. 파골세포결손에 의해 대리석증을 유발하는 op/op마우스는 골밀도의 변화뿐만 아니라, 골질의 유의한 변화가 있었다. 즉, 이와 같은 결과는 파골세포결손에 의한 조골세포의 활성저하의 의해 골질이 저하됨을 시사하는 결과이며, 파골세포 과잉의 의해 골다공증을 유발하는 OPG-KO마우스는 골밀도가 급격히 저하됨과 동시에, BAp배향성도 급격히 낮아졌다. 즉, 골대사회전의 상승에 따른 섬유성골(woven bone)의 형성에 의해 BAp의 결정성장이 억제되며, 그 결과 BAp배향성이 저하된다고 사료된다. 이상, 본 연구에서는 대표적인 골 질환조직을 각각의 정상골과 비교함으로써, 골양(BMD)의 변화뿐만 아니라 골질(BAp배향성)의 변화를 발견하였다. 이와 같은 변화는 골질지표로서 BAp배향성이 유효하다는 것을 강하게 시사한다. 따라서 본 연구에 의해 얻어진 견해는 경조직 질환의 병리해명에 적용 가능함과 동시에, 경조직 질환의 진단 응용이나 치료약 개발, 임플란트 개발 등 폭넓은 분야에 유용하다고 할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1685-1689
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• 2016

Physical wedges still can be used as missing tissue compensators or filters to alter the shape of isodose curves in a target volume to reach an optimal radiotherapy plan without creating a hotspot. The aim of this study was to investigate the dosimetric properties of physical wedges filters such as off-axis photon fluence, photon spectrum, output factor and half value layer. The photon beam quality of a 6 MV Primus Siemens modified by 150 and 450 physical wedges was studied with BEAMnrc Monte Carlo (MC) code. The calculated present depth dose and dose profile curves for open and wedged photon beam were in good agreement with the measurements. Increase of wedge angle increased the beam hardening and this effect was more pronounced at the heal region. Using such an accurate MC model to determine of wedge factors and implementation of it as a calculation algorithm in the future treatment planning systems is recommended.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2023

A bending experiment was conducted to verify the structural performance of the U-flange truss hybrid bean using rebars or steel pipes to reinforce the upper compression zone. As a result of evaluating the bending strength of the truss hybrid beam according to the Structural Design Standard (KDS 14 2020: 2022) by introducing the lattice member as a tensile resistance element, the following conclusions were obtained. Considering the lattice element as a tensile resistance element, the nominal bending strength was increased by 38.57 to 47.90 kN.m. As a result of reviewing the experiment as to whether the flexural member has proper ductility, it was found that it is desirable to place appropriate rebars, steel quality plans, and lateral restraints on the upper and lower parts of the hybrid beam to have sufficient ductility ratio.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.559-567
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• 1999

결합형 유한요소-경계요소 기법을 사용하여 압전체 유연형 쏘나 변환기를 시뮬레이션하였다. 쏘나 변환기의 역학적 구동을 3차원적으로 모델링하였고 전기적 외부 부하 조건을 가지고 분석하였다. 정상 상태 변위 모드, 방향 패턴, 공진 주파수, 대역,0-factor, 출력 압력, TV 응답과 같은 결과들을 보여준다. 본 논문의 술통 형태의 압전 재질 쏘나 변환기는 유연한 변위를 발생시키며, 다른 형태의 쏘나 변환기와 달리 고출력, 낮은 Q-factor, 향상된 전방위성을 가지도록 해준다. 본 연구에서 개발된 쏘나 변환기 모델링의 결과를 ATILA와 같은 상업적 소프트웨어와 비교하였다.