• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.356-362
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• 2014

Phlorotannins, the major constituent in brown algae, possess various biological activities; however, there is little information their toxicological effects. To assess the safety of phlorotannins, we investigated the acute oral toxicity of a high-purity phlorotannin preparation (PRT; total phlorotannin content 90%) in beagle dogs. Six beagle dogs (3 males, 3 females) were assigned randomly to three experimental groups. PRT was administered at oral doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg by capsule. Vomiting by male and female beagles was observed with 500 and 750 mg/kg on the first day. In addition, one beagle given 750 mg/kg had soft stool and diarrhea on days 3 and 13. No deaths or abnormal clinical signs were observed during the experiment. All groups showed similar body weight gain and food consumption. Our acute toxicity study showed that PRT did not cause any toxicological effects in beagle dogs.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.449-460
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• 1997

Single and 4 weeks oral administration of l-muscone, a major active ingredient of musk, to beagle dogs of both sexes were performed to investigate both acute and subacute toxicity. Beagle dogs(3 males and 3 females) in acute experiments were administered orally with single dosage of 2,000 mg/kg and groups of 9 male and 9 female beagle dogs in subacute experiments were given daily different dosage of l-muscone, 0.2 mg/kg/day(low dosage group), 2 mg/kg/day(middle dosage group), or 20 mg/kg/day(high dosage group) once a day for 4 weeks by oral route according to the Established Regulation of Korean Food and Drug Administration(1996.4.16). $LD_{50}$ value for beagle dogs was more than 2,000 mg/kg on oral route for both male and females. In animals administered with l-muscone, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical signs, urinalysis, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weight and other findings. No histolopathological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Above data strongly suggest that l-muscone in beagle dogs is considered to be safe.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.457-460
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• 2007

The objective of the study was to establish routine parentage testing system in Beagle dogs using 22 ISAG (International Society for Animal Genetics) canine microsatellite markers (2005). Blood collections were obtained from a mother dog, 4 candidate father dogs and 3 offspring (n = 8). Genomic DNA samples were extracted from 8 Beagle dogs blood for PCR analysis. PCR products for the allele were analyzed by ABI 3130 DNA Sequencer and GeneScan (Ver 3.0) analysis and Genotyper (Ver. 2.1) software. The genetic relationship of mother and 3 offspring as well as one father dog among 4 candidate father dogs was confirmed by microsatellite allele analysis. The results of locus for amelogenin, which was designed for sexing, were matching with real gender among 8 Beagle dogs (female; 217/217 homozygosity, male; 179/217 heterozygosity). Twenty two ISAG microsatellite markers are useful the parentage test of Beagle dogs. In addition, amelogenin is an applicable marker to detecting real sex in dogs.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

Objectives To assess the safety of Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture by analyzing the potential single-dose intramuscular toxicity of Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture at various dose levels in SD (Spraque-Dawley) rats and Beagle dogs. Methods For evaluation of single-dose intramuscular toxicity of Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture, 40 SD rats (20 male and 20 famale) and 4 Beagle dogs (2 male and 2 female) were used. The rats were divided in four groups of 10 each, and treated intramuscularly with Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture at doses of 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg in distilled water, and distilled water as a vehicle control group, respectively. The Beagle dogs were divided into two groups of 2 each, and treated intramuscularly with Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture at doses of 0.15, and 0.3 mg/kg in distilled water, respectively, and signs of toxicity were observed. After a wash-out period of 3 days, the procedure was repeated with Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture at doses of 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg in distilled water, respectively. Mortality, body weight changes, and necropsy findings were examined during the study period. Results There were no mortalities in either the SD rats or Beagle dogs. There were also no significant differences in adverse effects, body weight, or necropsy findings between the Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture and control groups. Conclusions There results suggest that the lethal dose 50 ($LD_{50}$) and approximate lethal dose (ALD) value of the test substance Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture are higher than 1.2 mg/kg in SD rats and Beagle dogs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.284-291
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• 1997

The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of DWP20367 (1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-chloro-7-(2, 7-diazabicyclo[3,3,0]tract-4-ene-7-yl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), a novel fluoroquinolone, were examined in rats and beagle dogs after a single intravenous and oral administration. Analysis of DWP20367 in plasma, tissue, and urine was determined by both HPLC and microbiological assay (bioassay). The plasma concentration-time curves of the drug in rats and beagle dogs were biexponentially declined. The terminal half-life (t$_{1}$2$\beta$/) of the drug in rats was about 60.1 $\pm$7.3 min (i.v.) and 61.3 $\pm$ 12.4 min (p.o.) in bioassay, and 86.3 $\pm$19.8 min (i.v.) and 50.9$\pm$ 14.9 min (p.o.) in HPLC. In beagle dogs, half-life of the drug determined by bioassay was about 121.8$\pm$6.2 min (i.v.) and 111.0$\pm$7.6 min (p.o.). The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd$_{ss}$ ) was 243.8$\pm$74.1 ml/kg (bioassay) and 339.2$\pm$84.3 ml/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 1587.5 $\pm$536.9 ml/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The total body clearance (Cl$_{t}$) of DWP20367 was 3.4 $\pm$ 0.4 ml/min/kg (bioassay) and 2.4$\pm$0.4 ml/min/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 12.3$\pm$ 1.0 ml/min/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs, respectively. The extent of bioavailability after oral administration was 89.1%(bioassay) and 79.9% (HPLC) in rats, and 78.7% (bioassay) in beagle dogs. Urinary recovery (24-h) assayed by bioassay was 0.7% (p.o.) and 1.2% (i.v.) in rats, and 0.8% (p.o.) and 1.0% (i.v.) in beagle dogs. In rats, 24-h fecal recovery determined by bioassay was 11.2% (p.o.) and 0.1% (i.v.). Rat and human serum protein binding ratios at 2$\mu$g/ml were about 90~91%. This drug determined by bioassay was also distributed by the order of liver, kidney, lung, heart, spleen and muscle 30 min after oral administration.on.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.2235-2241
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• 2010

A reverse-phase HPLC method with detection by mass spectrometry is described for the simultaneous determination of doxifluridine and its two active metabolites, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluorouridine (5-FUrd), in beagle dog plasma. The optimal chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters $Xterra^{(R)}$ $C_{18}$ column ($4.6{\times}250\;mm$ i.d., $5\;{\mu}m$ particle size) with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in a mixture of 99% methanol and purified water (99:1, v/v). The developed method was validated in beagle dog plasma with a lowest limit of quantification of $0.05\;{\mu}g/mL$ for both doxifluridine and 5-FU, and $0.2\;{\mu}g/mL$ for 5-FUrd. Doxifluridine and its two metabolites were stable under the analysis conditions, and intra- and inter-day accuracies exceeded 92.87%, with a precision variability ${\leq}11.34%$ for each analyte. Additionally, the method for quantifying doxifluridine and its two metabolites, 5-FU and 5-FUrd, in beagle dog plasma was applied successfully to the analysis of pharmacokinetic samples.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1373-1377
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• 2003

Current prostheses for amputees are generally extrinsic wearing socket type that the coupling between body stump and appliance wraps the soft tissue and this structure causes several problems :applying direct weight to soft tissue such as skin and muscle, skin trouble of contacting area and pain. In this study, osseointegration implant is a method to directly connect prosthesis to the residual stump skeletal tissue of arm, finger and leg through surgical operation. Technology presented in this paper essentially solves the problems of pain and abnormal weight transfer system indicated above and recovers the functions of the amputated arm and leg. In this paper, implant shape was designed for the first step for the development of osseointegration implant and then we studied the possibility to apply this osseointegration implant to human body by performing implant insertion operation to beagle tibia for the clinical animal test and normal beagle's gait analysis was executed in order to quantitatively verify the beagle's skeletal functions after the implant insertion.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

In order to develop an improved paclitaxel formulation vehicle, a micelle forming solubilizer, Aceporol 330 was synthesized. It was previously reported that Aceporol 330 provided the linearity of paclitaxel plasma pharmacokinetics. In this study, the single dose toxicity test and 2-week repeated dose toxicity test of Aceporol 330 was performed in beagle dogs after intravenous administration. Single dose and 2-week repeated dose toxicity test of Aceporol 330 showed fever/generalized erythema, severe vomiting, and diarrhea in beagle dogs. However, those toxicities were less severe than those of Cremophor EL. Blood chemistry analysis of 2-week repeatedly treated beagle dogs with Aceporol 330 showed significant elevation of total cholesterol (TCHO) and triglyceride (TG) compared to that of control group. Cremophor EL also significantly increased total cholesterol (TCHO) and triglyceride (TG) as much as Aceporol 330. Results from this study indicated that Aceporol 330 was less toxic than Cremophor EL. Based on the pharmacokinetic advantages and the low toxicity of Aceporol 330 in single dose and 2-week repeated dose toxicity test, Aceporol 330 has a potential for use as a safer solubilizer for paclitaxel than Cremophor EL.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.437-443
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic (LAP) product supplementation on the blood profile, fecal noxious gas emission, and fecal shedding of lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria in healthy adult Beagle dogs. In total, 14 Beagle dogs with an average initial body weight of 10.19 ± 0.61 kg were randomly assigned into two dietary treatments,with and without LAP supplementation, for a 28-day feeding trial. At the end of the experiment, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the concentration of serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), blood lymphocyte percentage, fecal hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and total mercaptans (R.SH) emission, and fecal coliforms counts. However, the serum concentrations of the triglyceride and fecal ammonia (NH₃) emission of the LAP treatment were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the group compared with the CON dogs. Fecal total lactic acid bacteria counts were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the LAP treatment. In conclusion, the supplementation of LAP in Beagle dog diets could decrease the blood triglyceride level and enhance the gut Lactobacillus count which may have positive effects on dogs.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.241-245
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• 2003

The acute toxicity of Paecilomyces sinclairii was tested in beagle dogs. We daily examined clinical signs, body weights, and hematological/biochemical examinations for 14 days after administration of Paecilomyces sinclairii with different dose levels (0, 0.4, 2 and 10 g/kg). There were no clinical signs and no significant changes in hematological and biochemical analysis. These results showed that Paecilomyces sinclairii did not induce any remarkable acute toxic response and the $LD_{50}$ was greater than 10 g/kg in beagle dogs.