• Investigative and Clinical Urology
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.399-409
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• 2018

Purpose: To analyze data from an observational, prospective, cumulative registry study in 805 hypogonadal men stratified by mild or moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) according to International Prostate Symptom Score. Materials and Methods: A total of 412 men underwent testosterone therapy (TTh) with injectable testosterone undecanoate, 393 men served as untreated controls. Measures of urinary function, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were performed at least twice per year. Results: Data from 615 men with mild LUTS (253 treated, 362 untreated) and 190 with moderate-to-severe LUTS (159 treated, 31 untreated) were available. During a follow-up period of 8 years a significant improvement of LUTS was noted for all TTh-patients whereas the control-groups showed deterioration or fluctuation around initial values. Despite advancing age, TTh fully prevented worsening of symptoms. In parallel, a considerable improvement of anthropometric parameters, lipids and glycemic control, blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and quality of life was found. Moderate-to-severe LUTS was associated with worse cardiometabolic risk profile at baseline as well as worse cardiovascular outcomes during follow-up in comparison to mild LUTS. Effect size of TTh was more pronounced in men with moderate-to-severe than with mild LUTS. Conclusions: Correcting hypogonadism by TTh is highly effective and safe for improving LUTS in hypogonadal men. TTh may also improve cardiometabolic risk and major adverse cardiovascular events.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.57.2-57.2
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• 2018

In astronomical observation, sequential device control and real-time data processing are important to maximize observing efficiency. We have developed series of automatic observing software (KAOS, KHU Automatic Observing Software), e.g. KAOS30 for the 30 inch telescope in the McDonald Observatory and KAOS76 for the 76 cm telescope in the KHAO. The series consist of four packages: the DAP (Data Acquisition Package) for CCD Camera control, the TCP (Telescope Control Package) for telescope control, the AFP (Auto Focus Package) for focusing, and the SMP (Script Mode Package) for automation of sequences. In this poster, we introduce KAOS10 which is being developed for controlling a small telescope such as aperture size of 10 cm. The hardware components are the QHY8pro CCD, the QHY5-II CMOS, the iOptron CEM 25 mount, and the Stellarvue SV102ED telescope. The devices are controlled on ASCOM Platform. In addition to the previous packages (DAP, SMP, TCP), KAOS10 has QLP (Quick Look Package) and astrometry function in the TCP. QHY8pro CCD has RGB Bayer matrix and the QLP transforms RGB images into BVR images in real-time. The TCP includes astrometry function which adjusts the telescope position by comparing the image with a star catalog. In the future, We expect KAOS10 be used on the research of transient objects such as a variable star.

• Entomological Research
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.459-465
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• 2018

The present study evaluated the efficacy of Maxforce gel baits containing 0.01% fipronil (Maxforce), 0.05% fipronil (Maxforce Magnum), 1.0% clothianidin (Maxforce Impact), and 0.6% indoxacarb (Avion gel bait; all from Bayer Environmental Science, Clayton, CA, USA) against reference and wild strains (Mobasher, Andisheh, Tamin-e Ejtemaei, and Maskoni) of German cockroach collected in 2016. Test design and bait placement were according to World Health Organization (WHO) procedures for efficacy achieving a 95% mortality rate. Although cockroaches fed on all gel baits, gel baits containing clothianidin and indoxacarb were eaten at higher rates than gel baits containing 0.01% and 0.05% fipronil. The cumulative mortality rates reached 100% for all cockroach strains at 32, 28, 28 and 40 h after eating baits containing 0.01% fipronil, 0.05% fipronil, clothianidin, and indoxacarb, respectively. Efficacy (a 95% mortality rate) after exposure (consumption) of gel baits containing 0.05% fipronil and clothianidin was seen after 28 h, compared with 32 h for 0.01% fipronil and 40 h for indoxacarb. In conclusion, commercial gel baits have improved and may be more effective than spray formulations against German cockroaches.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.215-218
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• 2009

In this paper, we analyze the performance of interpolation in demosaicing techniques for single sensor digital camera. We choose BI(bilinear interpolation), ACPI(adaptive color plane interpolation), ECI(effective color interpolation), Ideal ACPI, and EECI(Enhanced effective color interpolation) in the literature of demosacing techniques since they provide low-complexity and substantial image quality. We survey the algorithms and simulate them. To evaluate the methods in terms of objective image quality and complexity, 24 Kodak images will be used in this experiment. Experimental results show that the ECI method is better than others in terms of image quality versus complexity.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.33-60
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• 2023

This paper analyzes the entire distribution of stock market returns/volatility in five emerging markets (ASEAN5) and figures out the conditional distribution of the CHI_EPU index. The aim is to examine the impact of CHI_EPU on the stock returns/volatility density of ASEAN5 markets. It also examined whether changes in CHI_EPU explain returns at higher or lower points (abnormal returns). This paper models the behaviour of stock returns from March 2011 to June 2018 using a non-parametric conditional density estimation approach. The results indicate that CHI_EPU diminishes stock returns and augments volatility in ASEAN5 markets, except for Malaysia, where it affects stock returns positively. The possible reason for this positive impact is that EPU is not the leading factor reducing Malaysian stock returns; but, other forces, such as dependency on other countries' stock markets and global factors, may have a positive impact on stock returns (Bachmann and Bayer, 2013). Thus, the risk of simultaneous investment in Chinese and ASEAN5 stock markets, except Malaysia, is high. Further, the degree of this influence intensifies at extreme high/low intervals (positive/negative tails). The findings of this study have significant implications for investors, policymakers, market agents, and analysts of ASEAN5.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.223-226
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• 1987

Serological classification was carried out on 10 samples of PEV isolated from the feces, the milk and the brain of the diseased pigs in Korea by CFT using type specific antisera of PEV. Ten samples of PEV were classified into 2 serotypes which were serotype 3 and 8. PEV from the feces belonged to serotype 8 and those from the milk and the brain to serotype 3. The cross reaction of serotype 3 occurred especially with serotype 1. Talfan virus. It can be said that at least 2 serotypes of PEV have existed in Korea.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2017

Purpose: To compare different MR sequences for quantification of gadolinium concentration. Materials and Methods: Gadolinium contrast agents were diluted into 36 different concentrations. They were scanned using gradient echo (GRE) and ultrashort echo time (UTE) and R1, $R2^*$ and phase values were estimated from collected data. For analysis, ROI masks were made for each concentration and then ROI value was measured by mean and standard deviation from the estimated quantitative maps. Correlation analysis was performed and correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: Using GRE sequence, R1 showed a strong linear correlation at concentrations of 10 mM or less, and $R2^*$ showed a strong linear correlation between 10 to 100 mM. The phase of GRE generally exhibited a negative linear relationship for concentrations of 100 mM or less. In the case of UTE, the phase had a strong negative linear relationship at concentrations 100 mM or above. Conclusion: R1, which was calculated by conventional GRE, showed a high performance of quantification for lower concentrations, with a correlation coefficient of 0.966 (10 mM or less). $R2^*$ showed stronger potential for higher concentrations with a correlation coefficient of 0.984 (10 to 100 mM), and UTE phase showed potential for even higher concentrations with a correlation coefficient of 0.992 (100 mM or above).

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.146-153
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• 2018

This paper presents a superresolution demosaicing technique that can restore high-resolution color image from differently blurred low resolution images in Bayer domain. The proposed superresolution demosaicing algorithm uses an aperture mask wheel to get differently blurred low resolution images, so we just need to estimate point spread function at each frame. In addition, it does not require image registration because there is no translational motion between low resolution images. By using a rotatable aperture mask wheel, consecutive captured images provide sufficiently exclusive information for superresolution. Therefore, the proposed method can reduce the registration error between the low-resolution image as well as the calculation amount for superresolution restoration. The existing lens system of the camera can be extended to obtain a superresolution image by only adding an rotatable aperture mask wheels. Finally, in order to verify the performance of the proposed system, experimental results are performed. The proposed method showed the significant improvements in the sense of spatial and color resolution.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.563-573
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• 2000

Periodic outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) caused by velogenic viscerotropic ND virus (vvNDV) has become a major concern in Korea nowadays. Throughout last epidemic, the winter season in 2000, most chicken flocks infected early, under 2-4 weeks of age, showed high mortality up to 50-100%. Serum samples collected from 201 breeder, 284 layer and 112 broiler chicken flocks were examined to evaluate the efficacy of various vaccination methods and programs routinely used for mass vaccination in the field poultry farms. Despite repeated live vaccination, most poultry flocks vaccinated by drinking water route using nipple water supply system failed to produce solid active immune response to NDV during the growing time. In the present study, we applied the spray vaccination technique using Ulvavac or Desvac sprayer to the experimental poultry flocks and examined the efficacy of live vaccination effects induced by it under field condition. Measurable antibody to NDV as well as early protection against vvNDV challenge were found in poultry flocks vaccinated by spray route. Further, we did not found significant post vaccination reactions caused by spray vaccination if properly administered. These data indicate that the spray vaccination will be safe and reliable mass vaccination method for the prevention of ND.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.978-985
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• 2001

The amorphous alumina was obtained by flash calcination of Bayer gibbsite[$Al(OH)_3$aluminum trihydroxide]. Rehydration and pore characteristics of $r-A1_2O_3$ prepared from rehydrated amorphous alumina were investigated. Crystal phases of pseudo-boehmite and bayerite were changed when amorphous alumina was hydrated at various conditions such as time, the ratio of water/alumina and pH. Specific surface areas and pore volumes of $r- A1_{2O}_3$ were influenced by the reaction time, water/alumina and PH of rehydration. The total pore volume of $r-A1_{2O}_3$increases with increasing the reaction time and ratio of water/alumina. Especially, the pure pseudo-boehmite of single phase could be prepared, when amorphous alumina was hydrated in the range of pH 6.5-8.0 in water/alumina= 10 at $90^{\circ}C$ for 7hr. The $r-Al_{2O}_3$, obtained by calcination of the prepared pseudo-boehmite at $500^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs, is characterized by the specific surface area of $265m^2$/g, total pore volume of $0.75cm^3$/g.