• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.467-473
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• 2001

BMS(Battery Management System) in EV system(Electric Vehicle) senses voltage, temperature and the charging or discharging current of batteries. The main roles of BMS are to estimate SOC(State OF Charge) of batteries and optimally monitor them according to the operation state of EV system which is motoring mode or charging mode. In this paper, we propose the proper algorithm about BMS's roles and operation which is suitable to EV system and illustrate validity and effectiveness through the experiments which were performed in the condition of Vehicle road test and charging test.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.754-760
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• 2012

This paper describes peak shaving algorithms as long-term cycle scheduling in the power management system (PMS) for MW-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS). The purpose of PMS is basically to manage the input and output power from battery modules placed in the systems. Assuming that an one-day ahead load curve is provided, off-line peak shaving algorithms can be employed, but applying the results of the off-line algorithm may result in the difference in the real-time performance because there is uncertainty in the provided load curve. This paper adopts fuzzy based LP (linear programming) algorithms for describing the peak shaving algorithm in PMS and discusses a solution technique and real-time operation strategies using the solution.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2022

Plug-in Hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) show great potential to reduce gas emission, improve fuel efficiency and offer more driving range flexibility. Moreover, PHEV help to preserve the eco-system, climate changes and reduce the high demand for fossil fuels. To address this; some basic components and energy resources have been used, such as batteries and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs). However, the FC remains unsatisfactory in terms of power density and response. In light of the above, an electric storage system (ESS) seems to be a promising solution to resolve this issue, especially when it comes to the transient phase. In addition to the FC, a storage system made-up of an ultra-battery UB is proposed within this paper. The association of the FC and the UB lead to the so-called Fuel Cell Battery Electric Vehicle (FCBEV). The energy consumption model of a FCBEV has been built considering the power losses of the fuel cell, electric motor, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, and brakes. To do so, the implementing a reinforcement-learning energy management strategy (EMS) has been carried out and the fuel cell efficiency has been optimized while minimizing the hydrogen fuel consummation per 100km. Within this paper the adopted approach over numerous driving cycles of the FCBEV has shown promising results.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.225-233
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• 2021

Conventional submarine propulsion batteries have mainly used lead acid batteries, which have proved relatively safe, but in recent years, research on mounting lithium-ion batteries to improve the underwater operation capability of submarines is underway in advanced countries such as Japan. Korea has world-class technology in the development of electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries for energy storage, but fire safety accidents continue to occur in electric vehicles and energy storage lithium-ion batteries. In order to mount the lithium-ion battery in a submarine, it is necessary to check the safety as well as whether the performance is improved compared to the lead acid battery. Through the charge/discharge experiment of this lithium-ion battery module unit, it was possible to measure how much performance was improved compared to the lead acid battery. Safety tests were conducted on the lithium-ion battery module assuming that it was mounted on a submarine, and it was confirmed that safety was secured when applied to a submarine. Since many modules are mounted on actual submarines, it has been confirmed that it can be applied to submarine systems by simulating charge/discharge characteristics through Hardware-in-the Loop(HILS). Through the results of this study, the application of lithium-ion batteries to submarines is expected to significantly improve the sustainability of underwater operations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.59-61
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• 2021

The electric propulsion development is underway to minimize pollutants and greenhous gas emissions during the operation of ships / offshore installation vessels. The importance of the use and efficient management of batteries, which is an ESS system in ships / offshore installation vessels, is increasing. Generally, in ESS where battery is applied, cell balancing and life span are monitored in real time by BMS. Ships / offshore installation vessel are equipped with several ESS rooms, and ESS rooms with ESS systems of the same specification are being constructed due to the recent demand for electric propulsion development. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to additionally predict and diagnose battery pack and cell balancing failures by comparing BMS data for each rooms. The proposed algorithm compares the BMS data of each ESS Room according to the environmental change of the ship / offshore installation vessels, measures accurate status information, and reliably monitors it to prevent accidents in advance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.70-81
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• 2011

In this paper, a multi-agent control system for DC-coupled photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC), ultracapacitor(UC) and battery hybrid power system is studied for commercial buildings & apartment buildings microgrid. In this proposed system, the PV system provides electric energy to the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen for future use and transfer to the load side, if possible. Whenever the PV system cannot completely meet load demands, the FC system provides power to meet the remaining load. A multi-agent system based-power management and control algorithm is proposed for the hybrid power system by taking into account the characteristics of each power source. The main works of this paper are hybridization of alternate energy sources with FC systems using long and short storage strategies to build the multi-agent control system with pragmatic design, and a dynamic model proposed for a PV/FC/UC/battery bank hybrid power generation system. A dynamic simulation model for the hybrid power system has been developed using Matlab/Simulink, SimPowerSystems and Stateflow. Simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-agent control and management system for building microgrid.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2020

In the case of power generation using renewable energy, power production may not be smooth due to the influence of the weather. The energy storage system (ESS) is used to increase the efficiency of solar and wind power generation. ESS has been continuously fired due to a lack of battery protection systems, operation management, and control system, or careless installation, leading to very big casualties and economic losses. ESS stability and battery protection system operation management technology is indispensable. In this paper, we present a battery level calculation algorithm and a failure prediction algorithm for ESS optimization and stable operation. The proposed algorithm calculates the correct battery level by accumulating the current amount in real-time when the battery is charged and discharged, and calculates the battery failure by using the voltage imbalance between battery cells. The proposed algorithms can predict the exact battery level and failure required to operate the ESS optimally. Therefore, accurate status information on ESS battery can be measured and reliably monitored to prevent large accidents.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1603-1611
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• 2021

As IMO environmental regulations are tightened, the need to establish a system that can reduce emissions is increasing, and for this purpose, various power control management systems have been studied and implemented as a new energy management system for ships. In this study, we design a control process through modeling for Bi-Directional Converter (BDC) application with bi-directional power flow to link batteries, which are energy storage devices, to conventional generator power systems, and propose mechanisms for batteries optimized for varying loads. This work models MATLAB/Simulink as a BDC and simulates current control and state of charge (SOC) optimization at the time of charging and discharging batteries according to load scenarios. Through this, the battery, power, and load were interlocked so that the generator operated on board could be operated in the optimal operation range, and power control management was performed to enable the generator to operate in the high fuel efficiency range.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.587-596
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• 2021

Naval battleships have systems to perform special purposes, such as the Command and Fire Control System (CFCS). Some of the this equipment should be equipped with an Uninterruptible Power System (UPS ) to ensure operational continuity and the backup of important data, even during unexpected power outages caused by problems with the ship's power generator. Heavy combat losses can occur if the equipment cannot satisfy the function. Therefore, it is important to design a stable UPS. The battery and Battery Management System (BMS) are two of the most important factors for designing a stable UPS. A power outage will be encountered if the battery and BMS are not stable. The customer will be exposed to abnormal situations, loss of important tactical data, and inability to operate some of the CFCS. As a result, an enhanced safety system should be designed. Thus, this study implemented and verified the improved system in terms of three methods, such as comparative analysis of the batteries, improvement about leakage current of the circuit, and tests of the aggressive environmental resistance to improve the UPS for CFCS.

• Advances in Automotive Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-104
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• 2018

A detailed literature review is presented for the applications of the heat pump technologies on the electric vehicles Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. Due to legal regulations, automotive manufacturers have to produce more efficient and low carbon emission vehicles. Electric vehicles can be provided these requirements but the battery technologies and energy managements systems are still developing considering battery life and vehicle range. On the other hand, energy consumption for HVAC units has an important role on the energy management of these vehicles. Moreover, the energy requirement of HVAC processes for different environmental conditions are significantly affect the total energy consumption of these vehicles. For the heating process, the coolant of internal combustion (IC) engine can be utilized but in electric vehicles, we have not got any adequate waste heat source for this process. The heat pump technology is one of the alternative choices for the industry due to having high coefficient of performance (COP), but these systems have some disadvantages which can be improved with the other technologies. In this study, a literature review is performed considering alternative refrigerants, performance characteristics of different heat pump systems for electric vehicles and thermal management systems of electric vehicles.