• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.197-201
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• 1989

The fusion between protoplasts of Ganoderma applanatum and oidia of Lyophyllum ulmarium (Hypsizigus marmoreus) was induced with polyethylene glycol and $CaCl_2$. When transferred to Ganoderma complete medium plates, fusants showed mixed morphologies both parents. During three times subcultivation the fusants were changed similar to those of L. ulmarium type. All fusants produced oidia, clamp connections and basidiocarps similar to those of L. ulmarium. Isozyme pattern of esterase of interorder fusants showed both parental and non-parental bands. Each individual fusant did not showed both parental and non-parental bands. Each individual fusant did not show any differences in mycelial growth rate, colony morphology, esterase band pattern and basidiocarp.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.197-198
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• 2010

The morphological and ecological characteristics of Russula eburneoareolata Hongo is reported first time in Korea. The fungus was collected from the mixed forest of Fagaceae in the Gyeryongsan Mountain National Park. The pileus is champagne to ivory, convex then expanded and depressed in the center afterward, and 4 to 9 cm broad. Stipe is 3 to 6 cm long, 12 to 20mm thick and tapering below. Spores are $7-8{\times}6-7\;{\mu}m$, subspherical oval and warty with some connecting lines. Basidia are about $35-40{\times}10-11\;{\mu}m$ and four-spore bearing type.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.3 s.74
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• pp.202-208
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• 1995

This study describes the effects of several components on PCR amplification used for RAPD. We used different concentrations of reaction components to obtaine discrete and reproducible PCR products from Pleurotus cornucopiae. The optimum concentrations of reaction components were found to be 80 ng of template DNA, 30 pmole of 10-mer primer, $200\;{\mu}M$ dNTP, 2mM $MgCl_2$, 50 mM KCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl(pH 9.0), 0.1% Triton X-100, 1.5 unit of Taq DNA polymerase (promega) in $50\;{\mu}l$ reaction volume. The optimum annealing temperature was $35^{\circ}C$. These results proved to be valuable for characterization of Pleurotus spp.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 1990

Factors influencing the fusion frequency of protoplasts were investigated with auxotrophic mutants of Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus ostreatus. Immediately after the polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution was added, the protoplasts adhered firmly and shrank. During the subsequent dilution with 0.6 M sucrose, the protoplasts regained their normal size and larger bodies were observed. Interspecific heterokaryons were obtained by fusion of the nutritionally complementing protoplasts. Hyphae of the heterokaryotic fusants formed true clamp connections. The optimum conditions were a total of 1 to 15 million protoplasts per ml, 30% polyethylene glycol 8000 solution with adjustment to pH 8.0 and 0.6 M sucrose stabilized regeneration medium. Other parameters such as $CA^{++}$, glycine, exposure time and temperature influenced mainly the viability of the protoplasts.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-37
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• 1996

The internal regions of nuclear small subunit rRNA from 6 plaeurotus species and 5 Pleurotus ostreatus strains were amplified by PCR and sequenced. The DNA sequences of 8 Pleurotus strains (P. ostreatus NFFA2, NFFA4501, NFFA4001, KFFA4001, KFCC11635, P florida, P. florida, P. sajor-cuju, P. pulmonarius, and P. spodoleucus) were idential, but P. cornucopiae differed from them in two bases out of 605 bases. However, p[hylogenetic analysis of the sequences by DNA-distance matrix and UPGMA methods showed that P. ostreatus NFFA2m1 and NFFA2m2, known as mutants of P. ostreatus NFFA2, belonged to anther group of Basidiomycotina, which is close to the genus Auricularia. The difference of the SSU rDNA sequences of P. cornucopiae from other Pleurotus species tested corresponds to the difference of mitochondrial plasmid type present in Pleurotus species as observed by Kim et al. (1993, Korean J. Microbiol. 31, 141-147).ishement of silencing at the HMR/hsp82 locus can occur in G1-arrested cells. Cell cycle arrest at G1 phase was achieved by treatment of early log a cell cultures with .alpha.-factor mating pheromone, which induces G1 arrest. The result suggests that passage through S phase (and therefore DNA replication) is nor required for re-establishing silencer-mediated repression at the HMNRa/HSP82 locus. Finally, to test whether de nono protein synthesis is required for re-establishment of silencer-mediated repression, cells were pretreated with cycloheximide (500 /.mu.g/ml) 120 min. It was apparent that inhibiting protein synthesis delays, but does not prevent, re-establishment of silencer-mediated repression. Altogether, these results indicate that re-establishment of silencer-mediated repression is not dependent on the DNA replication and has no requirement for protein synthesis.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.2 s.77
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• pp.135-141
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• 1996

Auxotrophs and drug resistant mutants from the mycelia of Lentinus edodes were obtained by UV irradiation at survival rates of $0.024{\sim}2.45%$ and ethidium bromide (EtBr) enrichment after UV irradiation. The mutation rate was 0.40%, and back mutation rate was $4.81{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}8.46{\times}10^{-4}$. Various amino acid-, nucleic acid-, and vitamin-requiring auxotrophs were isolated. The concentrations of several fungicides, antibiotics and amino acid analogues inhibiting the growth of L. edodes were determined. The MIC values for cycloheximide, benomyl, and p-fluorophenylalanine were 2, 2000, and 1000 ug/ml respectively. Five p-fluorophenylalanine-resistant mutants and eight benomyl-resistant mutants were selected by UV irradiation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.19-38
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the diversity of higher fungi and relationship between higher fungi and climatic factors in Naejangsan National Park from April 2004 to October 2010. The obtained results from investigation were as follows. The higher fungi were classified into 48 families, 158 genera and 451 species in Basidiomycotina, 13 families, 26 genera and 39 species in Ascomycotina, and 4 families, 7 genera and 7 species in Myxomycetes, and most of them belonged to Hymenomycetidae in Basidiomycotina. Dominant species belonged to Ttricholomataceae (72 species), Russulaceae (39 species), Polyporaceae (41 species), Boletaceae (40 species), Cortinariaceae (35 species) and Amamtaceae (28 species). For the habitat environment, the ectomycorrhizal mushrooms were 38.8% (15 families, 36 genera and 193 species), litter decomposing and wood rotting fungi 39.4% (36 families, 107 genera and 196 species), grounding Fungi 19.9% (24 families, 51 genera and 99 species) and others 1.8% (3 families, 4 genera and 9 species). Monthly, most of higher fungi were found in July, August and September, and least found in November. In climatic conditions, most higher fungi were occurred in $23^{\circ}C$and above of mean temperature, $20^{\circ}C$and above of minimum temperature, and $29^{\circ}C$and above of maximum temperature. most of higher fungi were found in 73% and above of relative humidity and 200 mm and above of monthly precipitation. In case of ectomycorrhizal fungi like Amamtaceae, Boletaceae and Cortinariaceae, significance levels are not high in $32^{\circ}C$ and above of maximum temperature which mostly affects species occurrence than other climatic factors of mean and minimum temperature and monthly precipitation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.119-123
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• 1989

Interorder heterokaryons were obtained by polyethylene glycol induced fusion of protoplasts from auxotrophic mutants of Pleurotus ostreatus in agaricales and Ganoderma applanaturm in aphyllophorales. When transferred to MMM plates, all fusion colonies exhibited an extremely growth rate. During three times subcultivation on MCM the growth rate of fusants showed faster little by little. Seventy-five % fusion products of potoplasts showed mixed morphologies between those of P. ostreatus and G. applannatum in the first subcultivation on MCM and MGM. The phenotype of these fusants changed similar those of P. osteatus type after three times subcultivation on MCM. However, phenotype of 25% stable strains did not change on subcultivation. Hyphae of all fusion products did not form true clamp connection. All these types did not produce primordia. A comparrison of interorder somatic hybrids was made using isozyme analysis of esterase, malate dehydrogenase and peroxidase. In most cases the enzyme patterns of G. applanatum were not distinct, however, fusant showed non-parental bands.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.114-118
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• 1989

The transfer of isolated nuclei from Agrocybe aegerita mycelia of wild type into Pleurotus florida protoplasts of auxotroph was induced with polyethylene glycol. The type 1 of nuclear transfer products was spontaneous segregants of both parental morphology of colony. Hyphae of A. aegerita type had clamp connections while that of P. florida type lacked. Type 2 was main products of nuclear transfer which formed true clamp connections. Type 3 was clampless products. They all produced primordia and developed basidiocarps similar to Agrocybe aegerita. A comparison of nuclei transfer products was made using isozyme analyses of alcohol dehydrogenase, esterase, lactate dehydrogenase and peroxidase. Isozyme band patterns of some type 2 strains produced a new band. Band patterns from mycelial extracts of the other strains could be characterized by parental bands.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 1994

Interspecific somatic hybrids were obtained by protoplast fusion between Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajor-caju. The fusion products between incompatible strains did not form clamp connections. Fruiting body of the clampless fusants was induced by light-dark cycle on saw-dust-rice bran substrate in glass bottles. Out of them, seven somatic hybrids produced fruiting bodies of intermediate morphology of the two species. Light and low temperature were the initiating factors for the development of clamped hyphae from the clampless mycelial colonies. All of these basidiocarps had clamp connections. Eight fusants from the six crosses were analysed with the segregation of genetic characters by random spore isolates. In the three combinations, unexpected alleles were shown. Somatic hybrid between P188 (P. ostreatus 2-1 + P. sajor-caju 2-53) and P. florida 2-3 by triple cross produced fruiting bodies similar to those of fusant between P. ostreatus and P. florida. All the genetic charaters from the three strains were shown to segregate and recombine.