• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2019

Background: The use of aroma oils dates back to at least 3000 B.C., where it was applied to mummify corpses and treat the wounds of soldiers. Since the 1920s, the term "aromatherapy" has been used for fragrance therapy with essential oils. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the essential oil of Eucalyptus (EOE) affects pain pathways in various pain conditions and motor coordination. Methods: Mice were subjected to inhalation or intraperitoneal injection of EOE, and its analgesic effects were assessed by conducting formalin, thermal plantar, and acetic acid tests; the effects of EOE on motor coordination were evaluated using a rotarod test. To determine the analgesic mechanism, 5'-guanidinonaltrindole (${\kappa}$-opioid antagonist, 0.3 mg/kg), naltrindole (${\delta}$-opioid antagonist, 5 mg/kg), glibenclamide (${\delta}$-opioid antagonist, 2 mg/kg), and naloxone (${\mu}$-opioid antagonist, 4, 8, 12 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally. Results: EOE showed an analgesic effect against visceral pain caused by acetic acid (EOE, 45 mg/kg); however, no analgesic effect was observed against thermal nociceptive pain. Moreover, it was demonstrated that EOE did not have an effect on motor coordination. In addition, an anti-inflammatory effect was observed during the formalin test. Conclusions: EOE, which is associated with the ${\mu}$-opioid pain pathway, showed potential effects against somatic, inflammatory, and visceral pain and could be a potential therapeutic agent for pain.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.313-319
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity, diet and mental health of elderly and to use the study as basic data for a program development for elderly. This was a secondary data analysis study using the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey and the study subjects included 1,484 individuals aged 65 and over. The results showed that depression and stress perception in young-old were higher than old-old's and the suicidal ideation rate of old-old was higher than young-old's. In case of eating patterns, 'poor eating' in old-old was higher than young old's. Regression analysis showed that middle-intensity physical activity and eating patterns were associated with mental health of the elderly. Based on the results, it is necessary to develop a differentiated nursing intervention program suitable for the elderly by age.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.295-305
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• 2021

This study identifies the relationship between the anger expression and interpersonal problems of college students, and then confirms the influence on emotion regulation difficulties as a mediating effect. And, it was conducted to understand college students who complain of interpersonal problems and to provide basic data for developing programs that can solve their problems. As a result of the study, anger expression showed a positive correlation in interpersonal relations problem and emotion regulation difficulty, and interpersonal relations problem showed somewhat high positive correlation with emotion regulation difficulty. In addition, it was found that emotion control difficulties were partially mediated in the anger expression among college students and interpersonal relationships. In conclusion, we could see the need for future research to develop educational programs that reduce the difficulty of emotion control and lead to positive anger expression among college students, and intervention programs that can improve interpersonal relationships.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.235-244
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to provide basic data for developing interventions to relieve the end-of-life care stress experienced by pediatric nurses by examining the relationships of end-of-life care stress with compassionate competence and attitudes toward end-of-life care. Methods: Data were collected via a survey that was conducted from September 10 to September 30, 2018 and administered to 113 nurses who had worked for more than 6 months in a pediatric unit at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. The data were analyzed for frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS version 25.0. Results: End-of-life care stress among pediatric nurses had a weak positive correlation (r=0.216, P<0.05) with compassionate competence and had no significant correlation with attitudes toward end-of-life care. Among the sub-factors of end-of-life care stress, psychological difficulties had a weak positive correlation with sensitivity (r=0.309, P<0.01) and communication (r=0.230, P<0.05), which are aspects of compassionate competence. Lack of knowledge about end-of-life care had a weak positive correlation with communication (r=0.209, P<0.05) as an aspect of compassionate competence. Conclusion: To improve the quality of end-of-life care provided by pediatric nurses, it is necessary to improve their compassionate competence and reduce their end-of-life care stress by developing education and support programs tailored to the characteristics of children and specific communication methods.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.113-125
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• 2023

It has been reported that stressful events in early life influence behavior in adulthood and are associated with different psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder. Maternal separation (MS) is a representative animal model for reproducing childhood stress. It is used as an animal model for depression, and has well-known effects, such as increasing anxiety behavior and causing abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This study investigated the effect of MS on anxiety or aggression-like behavior and the number of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. Mice were separated from their dams for four hours per day for 19 d from postnatal day two. Elevated plus maze (EPM) test, resident-intruder (RI) test, and counted glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) or parvalbumin (PV) positive cells in the hippocampus were executed using immunohistochemistry. The maternal segregation group exhibited increased anxiety and aggression in the EPM test and the RI test. GAD67-positive neurons were increased in the hippocampal regions we observed: dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, CA1, subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum. PV-positive neurons were increased in the DG, CA3, presubiculum, and parasubiculum. Consistent with behavioral changes, corticosterone was increased in the MS group, suggesting that the behavioral changes induced by MS were expressed through the effect on the HPA axis. Altogether, MS alters anxiety and aggression levels, possibly through alteration of cytoarchitecture and output of the ventral hippocampus that induces the dysfunction of the HPA axis.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.337-347
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• 2021

This study is a qualitative study conducted to provide basic data for therapists working in long-term care hospitals to improve their countermeasure strategies for new infectious diseases and improvement of the treatment room infection management system, and to help therapists understand their infection management work. Colaizzi's phenomenological research method was applied as the research method. Telephone interviews were conducted with nine occupational therapists and physical therapists working in nursing hospitals. The contents of the interview were recorded with the consent of the study subjects, and additional confirmation was received by email. The recorded content was analyzed after transcription, and the meaning and nature of the experience coping with COVID-19 were described. The content was organized into 6 themes, 17 main meaning and 49 meaning units. In accordance with the COVID-19 situation, the infection control system has been strengthened by reinforcing infection control education in nursing hospitals, practicing infection control, and supervising infection control outside business hours. It was found that the treatment environment was changed due to the restriction of treatment activities by practicing distancing in the treatment room, adjusting rest and meal times during working hours, and strengthening infection control. In addition, the therapist's role has been expanded and the paradigm of treatment has changed, such as considering the untact intervention, and they have experienced cohort quarantine, pre-tested for COVID-19, vaccinations, and side effects from COVID-19. However, due to the infection work, the therapist's work burden is increased, and the person is experiencing fear, depression, and work stress from the spread of COVID-19. They were also aware of the need for nursing hospital care personnel support, such as guaranteeing rest after vaccination and providing infection control tools and equipment. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for human and physical support for the development of infectious disease response strategy programs in nursing hospital treatment rooms and for infection control in nursing hospitals.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1990

As the institute of education teaching radiologic technology in Korea, different from others, junior college is the only institute which has been managed for it as a two-year educational course for 27 years since 1963 when it was established for the first time in our country irrespective of the needs of the times. But according to the development of medical equipment, variety of medical skill, increase of medical demands now a days, the supply of radiologic technology in modern medicine not only makes it advance as an inevitable factor but also broadens the area of its business systematically. Therefore, we got the following results after we had considered the necessity to lengthen the term of education and searched for the most reasonable way. 1. The term of study of the radiologic technologists in junior college must be lengthened to 3 years from 2 or 3 years regulated in the law of education. 2. In three-year curriculum, the subjects like basic medical science, science and engineering and ultramodern science, etc., which are lated to the new radiologic science must be taught in the junior colleges, and hospital practice also must be a compulsory subject in curriculum. 3. As the school years becomes longer, a lot of programs to make the study effective must be searched, researched and propelled forward.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1393-1404
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• 2021

The current study was conducted to understand the status of infection management through a survey on the status of awareness and performance of infection management and to improve efficient infection management and education programs of workers in long-term care institutions. The subjects of the study were 134 workers at 35 long-term care institutions in the C region, and data were collected from July 12 to 30, 2021. They agree to participate in research self reported structured questionnaire by SPSS program ver. 22.0. As a result of the study, the subject's awareness of infection management appeared to be a difference in accordance with occupation (F=3.181, p=.032) and education experience (F=6.372, p=.013). Also, factors influencing the subject's performance of infection management were occupation (F=3.972, p=.010) and education experience (F=4.403, p=.038). The relationship between awareness of infection management and performance resilience fined out a significantly positive correlation (r=.919, p<.001). As a result, for patient safety in long-term care institutions in the COVID-19 pandemic situation, it is very important for workers not only to recognize the importance of infection management but also to directly perform infection management activities. To this end, regardless of the size of the institution, it is necessary to prepare a systematic and continuous curriculum by occupation and educational topic, and to legally strengthen the evaluation system to improve the quality of the infection management system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 1997

This study was attempted to provide the basic data for nursing intervention to improve the psychosociological adaptation of patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer by examining relationship between anxiety and hopelessness that they are experiencing and family support, in order to help them successfully cope with various psychological problems. This study was carried out with 93 breast cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy in the injection treatment room of K University Hospital located in the downtown of Taegu after having underwent mastectomy in the hospital between December 1995 and August 1996. This study used the systematized questionnaires which contain 7 questions about general characteristics, Spielberger's trait anxiety & state anxiety scale, the tool that WON(1987) modified the hopelessness scale which was developed by Beck et al.(1967) and the family support tool made by TAE(1985). By using the SPSS/PC program, this study obtained the real number and percentage for the general characteristics of the subjects, and mean and standard variation for the degrees of trait anxiety, state anxiety, hopelessness and family support. The correlation between each variables was identified on the basis of the Pearson Correlation, and the degrees of trait anxiety, state anxiety, hopelessness and family support in the general characteristics of the subjects were analyzed by using the t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan test. The results of this study were summarized as follows. In the general characteristics of the subjects, most of each group were 51 years old or more and the middle class in income, had educational background under elementary school, no job, Buddhism in religion and spouse, and were receiving chemotherapy using MTX and 5FU. It was shown that the degree of the subjects' trait anxiety is, on an average, 50. 29, state anxiety 49. 68, hopelessness 51. 46 and family support 34. 28. Both trait anxiety and hopelessness showed normal correlation ; the higher the degree of trait anxiety is, the higher the degree of hopelessness is, while trait anxiety and family support showed reverse correlation ; the higher the degree of trait anxiety, the lower the degree of family support that the subjects perceive is. State anxiety and hopelessness also showed normal correlation ; the higher the degree of state anxiety is, the higher the degree of hopelessness is. Family support and hopelessness showed reverse correlation ; the higher the degree of family support is, the lower the degree of hopelessness that the subjects perceive is. And family support and state anxiety showed reverse correlation but there was a statistically significant difference. The degree of trait anxiety in the general characteristics of the subjects showed a significant difference by age, job and religion, the degree of state anxiety a signigicant difference by job and religion, the degree of hopelessness a signigicant difference by age, educational background and existence or not of spouse. In conclusion, the breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy perceive anxiety and hopelessness due to several causes such as diagnosis itself or side effects of chemotherapy, so that it is required not only to develop specific nursing interventions including family support to alleviate anxiety and hopelessness but also to apply such interventions to clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.320-328
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• 2019

This study was conducted to provide basic data for prevention of osteoporosis by examining the factors affecting bone mineral density in pregnant mothers. This investigation was a descriptive research study that analyzed a total of 137 medical records. Differences in T-score between general and obstetric characteristics were assessed by independent t-tests and one way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test. The mean age of the subjects was 32.4 years and the mean T-score was 0.34. The BMI measured at 4 weeks after delivery was significantly higher in the underweight group than in the normal group and the overweight group (F=11.935, p<.001). The BMD was significantly higher in subjects with sufficient vitamin D than in subjects with insufficient vitamin D, in subjects with insufficient vitamin D than in subjects with deficiency vitamin D (F=4.906, P=0.009). BMD was significantly higher in cases without experience of abortion than those with more than one experience of abortion (t=4.264, p<.001), and the normal delivery was significantly higher than that of cesarean section (t= 2.019, p=.046). Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to actively prevent the factors affecting BMD during pregnancy and delivery. The findings presented herein can be used as basic data for the management of osteoporosis.