• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.364-372
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of medicinal plants application as an edible functional food resource. We carried out to develop a traditional functional beverage by using hot-water extraction of 4 medicinal plants (Polygonatun sibiricum, Ophiopogonis radix, Lycii fructus, Schizandriae frutcus) and we examined the effects of drink on physiological response during exercise and recovery phase. The subjects were male baseball players, and exercise protocol was performed with 45 minutes treadmill running and 85％ VO$_2$ max intensity. Brix, pH and titratable acidity of developed drink were 9.5％, 3.3 and 0.22％. The approximate nutritional composition of beverage was carbohydrate, 5.98％, total dietary fiber, 0.42％, crude protein, 0.70％, crude fat, 0.20％ and crude ash, 0.20％. Developed. traditional functional beverage contained K (4.00 mg％), Na (3.68mg％), Ca (2.54mg％), Mg (1.60mg％) and Fe (0.29mg％). Developed beverage drinking group showed a lowest heart rate during exercise and recovery phase than the other two group (water group and ion beverage group). In the change of blood lactate concentration, developed beverage intake group showed a significant lowest values during exercise and recovery phase. And blood hematocrit values and osmolarity were lowest in the developed beverage intake group. In these results, exercise performance capacity was expected to improve most highly with the developed drink from composition with medicinal plants. Also developed beverage was effective in recovery of exercise-induced fatigue. Thus developed drink with medicinal plants can be used as a functional material improving decrease fatigue effects in beverage industry.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 2022

Background: Medial elbow laxity develops in throwing athletes due to valgus forces. Medial elbow instability in professional, collegiate, and high school athletes is well documented; however, the medial elbow of young throwing athletes has received less attention. This study investigated the medial elbow and common flexor tendon during applied elbow valgus stress of youth baseball players. Methods: The study included 15 participants. The medial elbow width and thickness of the common flexor tendon were measured on ultrasound images. Results: No significant side differences in medial elbow width or common flexor tendon were found at rest or under applied valgus stress. At rest, the medial elbow joint width was 3.34±0.94 mm on the dominant side and 3.42±0.86 mm on the non-dominant side. The dominant side increased to 3.83±1.02 mm with applied valgus stress, and the non-dominant side increased to 3.96±1.04 mm. The mean flexor tendon thickness was 3.89±0.63 mm on the dominant side and 4.02±0.70 mm on the non-dominant side. Conclusions: These findings differ from similar studies in older throwing athletes, likely because of the lack of accumulated stress on the medial elbow of youth throwing athletes. Maintaining elbow stability in young throwing athletes is a vital step to preventing injury later in their careers.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.23-27
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• 2021

[Purpose] Functional beverages are intended to support those who want to maintain optimal physical condition and improve their quality of life through the enhancement of heart health, immunity, and digestion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of top-level athletes consuming immune-strengthening conditioning nutritional drinks. [Methods] A total of 107 top-level athletes (baseball (56 players), pro volleyball (17), athletics (16), cycling (8), golf (6), and fencing (6)) participated in the experiment. They consumed an immune-enhancing functional beverage once a day for 8 weeks and responded to a survey before, during, and after drinking the beverage. [Results] Three total aspect-based subfactors were drawn from 24 questions in the factor analysis: physical, satisfaction with mental stability, and activity in performance. The physical, mental stability and performance changes of athletes significantly increased in period 2 (4 weeks after intake) and period 3 (after 8 weeks of intake). [Conclusion] We evaluated the efficacy of a new conditioned beverage containing Lactobacillus B240 and protein in improving the performance and physiological utility of top athletes. This functional drink may gain popularity among those seeking health benefits and improved exercise performance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.78-98
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• 2018

On the 855 pure Korean commercial fictional movies, excluding diversity films, released in Korea from 2004 to August 2017, I conducted deciles distribution analysis of box office performance of those movies and average box office performance of directors, producers and lead actors who involved in making them. Deciles distribution analysis of average box office performance might be helpful to predict their next box office performance of newly produced Korean movies and to evaluate their contribution to box office performance. In baseball, the various index such as winning rate, on-base percentage, slugging percentage, stolen base percentage, battling average, earned run average is used for predicting and reviewing of professional players. In this study, I evaluate the script's narrative quality by the indirect method of insight and judgment of creative manpower involved in making the movies. For the more productive prediction, direct statistical analysis method on the narrative of the script needs to develop. Time series analysis is required to evaluate the rise and fall of creative manpower and network analysis is also necessary to see the interaction among creative people.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.225-230
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• 2020

The KBO League is held over a long period of time due to the large number of games. Also, Korea has a diverse and distinct climate. Therefore, this study analyzed the relationship between the daily average temperature and the record of batting power such as home runs, triples, doubles, number of bases, batting percentage, and net batting percentage, and a third baseball record was defined. For this study, the correlation between the daily average temperature data and the batter who entered the standard at-bat in the KBO League in 2019 was analyzed through the SEMMA method. From the results of this study, it was found that the average daily temperature had an effect on a batter's hitting power. In particular, it was found that a batter's hitting power decreased on the day of temperatures recorded between 20.0 degrees and 24.9 degrees, and it was discussed that this may have been related to the physical condition of the pitcher the batter was facing. Therefore, it can be expected that players, coaching staff, and the front desk can use them in the game through conditions outside the game. In addition, it is expected that it will be a more useful analysis model by analyzing the records of pitching, base running, and defense as well as subsequent batting records.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2016

This study examined the factors affecting the team identification of professional baseball fans. The factors were divided into the fan factor, game factors, and other factors. For the analysis, two investigators visited stadium three times in total and a total number of 297 spectators were sampled using a convenience sampling method from three baseball teams. For the fan factor, a fan who began supporting his/her team from childhood or after childhood was used as a dummy variable. The interaction effects between the fan factor and other variables were investigated to offer a stereoscopic understanding about the role of kids marketing. In addition, three game factors and four non-game factors were analyzed. The results regarding fan variable and interaction effects were obtained. Fans from their childhood have much stronger team identification, and show interaction effects with the players. Regression analysis revealed player, promotion and fan service, price, and regional connection to have positive relations with team identification. This study is especially meaningful in a sense that it has proposed positive results regarding marketing to children, and the results will contribute to both the academic field and the industry.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.255-262
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• 2013

Data envelopment analysis(DEA) is a linear programming procedure designed to evaluate the relative efficiency of a set of peer entities called decision making units which use the same inputs to produce the same outputs. It has been widely employed in a variety of disciplines as an efficiency or performance measurement tool for comparing a set of entities such as firms, banks, hospitals, nations and organizations. The method, however, cant's make the priority of their performance when many units have efficiency score of unity or 100 percent. In this paper, we propose a new approach which combine qualitative method(graphical approach using network analysis) and quantitative method(super-efficient analysis using DEA), and present the results of an empirical analysis using the data of the Korean professional baseball players. As a result, there were 12 DMU that priority is hardly realized through DEA. However, this problem could be solved with super-efficiency analyzing. Also, more in-depth interpretation was able through integrating results of dendrogram and super-efficiency analyzing and prospecting it in qualitative, quantitative ways.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2002

Purpose : We evaluated radiographic changes and clinical manifestations of the elbow joint to identify the effects of the throwing between dominant and non-dominant arms. Materials and Methods : A hundred and five little leaguer’s baseball player in 5 elementary school and 2 middle school were evaluated for clinical symptoms and radiographic changes about elbow joint. Mean age was 12 years old and average periods of exercise were 32 months. Elbow functions were evaluated using ASES standardized assessment form and radiographic changes of medial epicondyle were examinated for enlargement, separation of the apophyses, fragmentation and irregularity. Results : Thirty seven players (35$\%$) were complained pain with throwing and the average score was 4.8 using visual analog scale. There were no significant differences in range of motion except flexion angle, valgus angle, and strength between dominant arm and non-dominant arm. Valgus laxity was more prominent in dominant arm. Ulnohumeral tenderness, radiocapitellar tenderness and medial flexor origin tenderness were in 18, 6, and 17 cases respectively in dominant arm. Medial epicondyle was enlarged in dominant arm with 13.0 by 6.3 mm compared to non-dominant arm with 11.7 by 6.1 mm. Apophyseal separation was 0.8 mm in dominant arm and 0.5 mm in non-dominant arm. Fragmentation and irregularity were 14 (13$\%$) and 25 (24$\%$) cases respectively in dominant arm. Conclusion : In little league baseball player, it needs usage of ball and bat with appropriate weight, and careful conditioning programs through throwing exercise in order to avoid elbow injuries.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2000

Recently, as the form of media has been various and computer graphic technology has developed, it has been possible and attempted to present database information 3-dimensionally and dynamically. However, there was not many studies done regarding how to present 3-dimensional and dynamic information. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop presentation techniques and languages of 3-dimensional and dynamic information. This paper consists of four section. First, it was introduced by secondary research that fundamental knowledge and functions for presenting the information by the computer graphics. In other words, it was stated what is possible to present 3-dimensional information on the 2-dimensional screen and which functins becomes better as computer graphic technology has developed. Second, computer graphic model that present database information should also have hierarchical structure that database information has. Thus, it was discussed how to present information regarding how to make a structure of graphic model that present database information. There are two ways to present information- by changing structure of information and by changing graphical presentation techniques. Third, all the graphical presentation language was collected and explained. Finally, the case study of presenting statistical data for baseball players demonstrated concrete example of using graphical presentation language.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.109-130
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper was to make a comparative analysis for the difference of the various kinematic variation which is occurred in the each situation when pitchers throw a straight and a curve ball. Four pitchers, who are two national team players and two high level pitchers, were selected among the right over hand pitchers of D university in the Busan for this paper. The data were analyzed by using 3D equipment. The results of the analysis which was about the elapsed time of the pitching, the movement of the body center-point, the highest height of the left knee, stride length, knee joint angle, shoulder joint angle, elbow joint angle and wrist joint angle in the each section(ST, LKU, HBP, LCF, MCP, BRP) were as follows : 1. Pitching time in the each section and step in the pitching for straight and curve ball was similar. The total elapsed time of the straight and curve ball was 1.78${\pm}$0.07sec and 1.77${\pm}$0.11sec in the order. 2. The position change of the body center to the Z(above below) direction did not show significant difference in the each situation of the section and step between pitching for the straight and curve ball. 3. Height of the left knee did not show significant difference as 125.38${\pm}$11.85cm and 124.95${\pm}$11.63m in the each pitching motion for straight and curve ball. The rate(%H) between height and stride length showed 68.42${\pm}$5.53(%H), 68.40${\pm}$5.45(%H) in the each pitching motion. 4. Pitching for curve ball showed longer stride length than pitching for straight ball that as the stride length was 140.35${\pm}$4.96cm and 144.8${\pm}$1.69cm. The rate(%H) between height and stride length showed 76.9${\pm}$3.77(%H), 79.39${\pm}$2.23(%H) in the each pitching motion. 5. Left knee joint angle did not show significant difference in the ST, LKU and HBP section in the each pitching motion. However, it was shown that knee joint angle was flexed much more in the LFC, MCP and BRP section in the pitching for curve ball. 6. Right shoulder joint angle did not show significant difference in the ST, LKU and HSP section. However, when pitches threw a curve ball in the LKU section. In the LFC section, the right shoulder joint angle was extended much more in the pitching for curve ball, and the angle was extended much in the MCP and BRP section in the pitching for curve ball than straight ball. 7. Right elbow joint angle did not show significant difference in the ST, LKU and HRP section in the two pitching motion. The angle had more flexion in the LFC and MCP section in the pitching for curve ball than the pitching for straight ball. The angle in the each pitching motion for straight ball and curve ball were extended by a narrow margin in the BRP section. 8. Right wrist joint angle was extended much more in the LFC and MCP section in the pitching for curve ball. In the BRP section, the angle was extended much more in the pitching for straight ball than curve ball.